Dark sigh, fleeting. I smiled to myself: "This scene is really beautiful, and this love is not as good as a speech song?" Answer: "Good." It is written with a short brush and a smile.
The moonlight is cold and bleak, and there are many tall buildings. It is clear autumn again. I am speechless again, and my heart is screaming. My heart is broken, old friend! The geese fly south and the river is cold, and the river is cold and tears are everywhere! !
One year's classmates, 300 days. Play or be happy, or be sad or sad. Or happy or happy or talk, or angry or difficult. Cold nights are sad, and the heart is clear. When I see you again, I will have white hair.
It's late at night and I'm still studying. I just made friends. I'm ashamed. Everyone is conscious. It's been a year, and my temperament has long been known. Zhicheng needs to guard against arrogance and rashness, Xiaoxin needs to guard against arrogance and rashness. In the morning, I need to guard against arrogance and rashness. If you want to stay, how long do you have? I hope to cherish every moment, but I don't remember myself. I have been a classmate for several years, hoping to enlighten me. Two lovers appreciate each other. Classmates are classmates, and they are popular!
Lake Julia Red Maple Candlelight Night. Yesterday, the teacher was full of peaches and plums. One point, one color, one clear, half residual and one level. Not Jane, just the age of disability ... old classmate, don't forget! !
2. The roads are different, but the classical Chinese supporting each other are different.
It refers to people who take different roads, so they can't plan together. For example, people with different views or interests can't do anything. From Confucius' The Analects of Confucius Wei Linggong: "Different Tao, no common goal."
Different Tao means different values of life. The Analects of Confucius originally meant the difference between a gentleman and a villain. People who take different roads cannot plan together. People with different interests can do nothing. However, different viewpoints are not different, because a gentleman needs to accommodate different viewpoints, not people with different goals.
remove doubts and misgivings
Different understanding of Tao
The so-called "everyone has his own interests and cannot be forced." Also called "Swallows know the ambition of swans!" . In fact, they all mean "all roads lead to the same goal" Of course, the extension of "Tao" here is broader, not only referring to life aspirations, but also to thoughts and academic opinions.
Boyi and Shu refused to eat and starved to death in shouyangshan. Sima Qian sighed, "No common goal, no common goal. It is true that everyone follows everyone's ambitions! " This is a typical example of different political attitudes.
Sima Qian added: "People who learn from Laozi despise Confucianism in the world, and those who learn from Confucianism don't blame Laozi. People with different courses cannot make plans for each other. Is that so? " (Historical Records Biography of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi Shen Han) This is a typical example of different ideas and academic views.
Tao not only refers to pure ambition or interest, it is the origin of the universe in philosophy, the most profound thing, which dominates the world and can be understood as the realm of mankind.
3. What are the original answers to the classical Chinese reading of "Xin Ting Qi"?
When people cross the river, every time they go to the United States and Japan, they invite new pavilions and hold flower banquets. Zhou Houzhong sat down and sighed: "The scenery is different, just because there are different mountains and rivers!" They all shed tears at each other. Only Prime Minister Wang suddenly changed color and said, "When * * * made great efforts to restore China to the royal family, how could he be a prisoner of Chu!" -"Shi Shuo Xin Yu Yan Xin Ting Mourning" A Qing Dynasty in Liu Song.
translate freely
1. Crossing the river: In the fourth year of the founding of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty (AD 3 16), Liu Yao captured Chang 'an and Emperor Wu of Jin was captured. In the second year, Yuan Di succeeded to Jiankang (now Nanjing) and established the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
2. To: Encounter
3. Xinting: an ancient place name, so it is located in the southwest of Nanjing today with beautiful scenery.
4. Borrow flowers: Sit on the grass. Borrowing is the same as "borrowing" and relying on it; Flowers, flowers and plants.
5. special: different.
6. Sadness: serious expression.
7. Work hard: work together.
8. Shenzhou: This refers to China, and here refers to the Central Plains along the Yellow River Basin.
9. Where to go: Where to go.
10. Chu captives: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu was captured by the State of Jin, but he still wore a hat of Chu to show his nostalgia for the motherland. Now refers to the prisoner, used to describe the situation.
1 1.
On sunny days, Central Plains people who have taken refuge in the south crossing the river are invited to meet in Xinting and sit on the grass to have a drink and dinner. Zhou Houe sighed during the dinner: "The scenery here is no different from Luoyang, but the land of mountains and rivers has changed!" Everyone looked at each other and cried. Only Wang Dao suddenly changed his face and said, "We all want Qi Xin to work together to serve the imperial court and recover the Central Plains. How can you cry like conquered people? "
12. Author
Liu Yiqing (AD 403-444), born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) in the Southern Song Dynasty, was a writer and imperial clan in the Southern Song Dynasty and lived in Jingkou. Liu Yiqing was gifted since childhood and loved literature. In addition to Shi Shuo Xin Yu, he also wrote You Ming Road.
4. Excuse me, in the translation of classical Chinese, two sentences of * * * are interpreted as one sentence with the same meaning, which tells the story that the poet devoted his infinite feelings to the bright moon, vividly showing the author's seclusion in the thatched cottage, indifference to making friends and infinite joy at Cui's visit.
Obviously, it's hard to break.
3. The upper and lower sentences complement each other.
For example, "My path is full of petals-I swept it for others", which is a rhetorical way of mutual penetration and complementarity and unity of form and meaning. Intertextuality often has the following forms, which make sentences complete, writing concise and caring, so it is called intertextuality. This is called intertextuality, the frontier is cold, the generals and guards can't even open their bows, and even their armor is difficult to wear because of the cold weather.
Another example is "the big city railway is not as good as it is. It means "my hut door has been closed, but now it is open for you" (Du Fu's Hakka), and the context in the sentence complements each other, permeates each other and intertextures each other "is to synthesize a sentence that should be divided into two sentences." Big city "and" small town "both refer to cities on Tongguan. The "big city" in the previous sentence and "small town" in the next sentence are intertextual and complementary in meaning. But in this sense they are a whole.
For example, "It's hard to get out when the bow is stiff, and it's hard to protect the iron clothes" (compare with "A song of snow sent to the field-clerk Wu went home") should be understood as: my road is full of petals-I have swept it for others, now the monarch; Peng's door has never been opened for guests, but now it is opened for you. The application of intertextuality makes the poem circuitous and novel in style, which opens up a new realm: both the big city and the small town of Tongguan are firm and lofty. Duhu: The official name and Guansai mean that the bright moon has been shining on Guansai since the Qin and Han Dynasties. The intertextuality of "Qin" and "Han" in the sentence (Du Fu's Tongguan Official) should be paid more attention to in translation through the complementarity of words.
The poet's use of intertextuality should be understood as: the host and the guest got off the horse and boarded the ship together. ...
2:
1, that is, the bright moon in Qin and Han dynasties and the pass in Qin and Han dynasties. ...
Another example is "My master has dismounted and my guest has boarded the boat" (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip), where the words "master" and "guest" are intertextual, and the two words complement each other and are responsible for conquering and appeasing the border town), and the word "general" in the previous sentence and the word "Du Bao" in the next sentence are intertextual. It means that words or contexts before and after the same sentence echo each other. Intertextuality is also called intertextuality and intertextuality. The first sentence of the poem implies the words of the next sentence, and the second sentence implies the words of the previous sentence. Things with complex meanings are separated, concise and clear, and sentences are intertextual.
For example, "The bright moon of Qin Dynasty was broken in Han Dynasty" (Wang Changling's "The Embankment")
5. A friendship between gentlemen is as light as water.
"Zhuangzi Miki": "The friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, and the friendship between villains is as sweet as ever; A gentleman is indifferent to his relatives, and a villain is willing to rest. "
Classical Chinese answer
The connotation of "a friendship between gentlemen is as light as water" is the communication between gentlemen. The form seems to be "light", but in fact, like-minded and deep friendship. Lu Xun and Zhai Qiubai have never met before, and only trust each other through correspondence. When the crisis comes, they lend each other a helping hand and treat each other sincerely. So this example proves that a friendship between gentlemen is as light as water. Example 2: Lu Xun and Zhai Qiubai have never met, and their daily meeting is just correspondence. Their communication seems dull, but when the crisis comes, they lend each other a helping hand and treat each other with sincerity, showing the deep friendship between gentlemen as light as water. Therefore, this example proves that a friendship between gentlemen is as light as water.
Excerpt from Baidu ..
6. How to understand classical Chinese and some problems that should be paid attention to when learning the content words in classical Chinese.
Content words in classical Chinese include nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals and quantifiers. In classical Chinese, the number of notional words far exceeds that of function words. Learning classical Chinese, the most important thing is to master the meaning of content words in classical Chinese. Only by mastering the meaning of a certain number of classical Chinese words and accumulating knowledge about classical Chinese words can we read classical Chinese smoothly.
When learning content words in classical Chinese, we should pay special attention to the following points: 1, and pay attention to distinguishing the similarities and differences between ancient and modern meanings. From the right generation to today, the meaning of Chinese is constantly evolving. The meanings of some basic words and general words are few, and the meanings of ancient and modern words have not changed. Such words will not cause us any difficulties in learning classical Chinese.
Other words, though commonly used in classical Chinese, disappeared with the disappearance of old things and old ideas, and the meanings of ancient and modern words changed. This change is mainly manifested in the following four aspects: (1), the expansion of meaning. The expansion of word meaning refers to the expansion of the scope of objective things reflected by word meaning, that is, from part to whole, from individual to general, from narrow sense to broad sense, so that the original meaning becomes a part of the extension of new meaning.
For example, "autumn" refers to extending from one season to the whole year; "Sleep" refers to the extension from sitting and dozing to sleeping. (2) The narrowing of meaning.
The narrowing of word meaning refers to the narrowing of the scope of objective things reflected by word meaning, that is, from the whole to the part, from the broad sense to the narrow sense, so that the new meaning becomes a part of the extension of the original meaning. For example, "husband" generally refers to men in ancient times, such as "does husband also love his youngest son?" Now, "husband" refers to a woman's spouse.
"Smell" refers to all smells, especially malodorous gases. "Soup" generally refers to hot water and boiled water, especially vegetable soup and broth.
(3), the transfer of meaning. The transfer of word meaning refers to the change of word meaning from nail to object B.
For example, "scholar" in ancient times refers to "scholar", for example, "so a scholar can't be cautious without thinking deeply" (You Shan Wang), and now refers to people who have certain academic achievements. "Miss", in ancient times, refers to unmarried women or unmarried women in powerful families. Now, under the background of reform and opening up, its meaning has basically changed, referring to the woman who has improper behavior.
If you call a beautiful young lady, the lady will stare at you angrily to show that she is not a lady. (4) The color of the word meaning has changed.
For example, "slander" in ancient times refers to publicly accusing others of their faults, which is a neutral word. For example, "those who can slander the city and listen to me will be rewarded."
Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi. Now using "slander" is slander, which means to speak ill of others out of thin air. It is a derogatory term. The above four situations are the main types of semantic changes in ancient and modern times.
The existence of a large number of words with both ancient and modern meanings is the main obstacle to the study of classical Chinese. When we study classical Chinese, we must combine the study of classical Chinese works to master the common meaning of a group of commonly used words purposefully, planned and required.
2. Pay attention to the distinction between monosyllabic words and disyllabic words in ancient and modern Chinese. In modern Chinese, disyllabic words account for the vast majority, while in classical Chinese, monosyllabic words are dominant. Therefore, when reading classical Chinese, don't mistake disyllabic words in classical Chinese for disyllabic words in modern Chinese.
For example, the ancient meaning of "extraordinary" in "Extraordinary View" (You Bao Chan Shan) is two words: different. It means adverb of degree.
In addition, don't explain the disyllabic words in classical Chinese alone. For example, the word "worry-free" in Sunset Killing a Hundred Careless People (Feng Wanzhen) is a couplet meaning "probably" and "roughly", which has nothing to do with "nothing" and "worry" and cannot be separated.
3. Pay attention to the polysemy in ancient Chinese. Like modern Chinese, classical Chinese has ambiguity.
If we only know one or two meanings of a polysemous word, it is easy to interpret one or two meanings when reading classical Chinese, and we may make mistakes in understanding. In order to avoid mistakes, we should consciously accumulate and sort out knowledge.
In our textbooks, there is this convenient exercise at the back of every classical Chinese to help us accumulate and organize our works. It must be done seriously and cannot be ignored. With the accumulation of meaning, we can choose the meaning more accurately when we encounter polysemous words.
In addition, we also need to know the original meaning and extended meaning of words. Every word has its original meaning, which is the original meaning.
Later, with the development and change of society, the new meaning is its extended meaning. For example, "wife" means to catch a woman by hand in ancient times, but it is a man's spouse in modern times.
"Sun" means that my son's son has been passed down from generation to generation, but now it means his son. 4. Pay attention to the phenomenon of interchangeable words.
It is a common phenomenon in classical Chinese that ancient Chinese characters are falsified. In ancient times, due to the phonetic similarity, some words were often used together with other words, and the phenomenon that these words replaced each other in use was called "Tong Jia" words.
"Tong" is universal; "Fake" is a loan. Identifying interchangeable words is not an easy task. The earlier the classical Chinese is, the harder it is to read the interchangeable words.
For beginners, the way to master interchangeable words is to read more classical Chinese, look up dictionaries and accumulate knowledge. Second, several problems that should be paid attention to when studying function words in classical Chinese.
Function words in classical Chinese include adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words, exclamations and pronouns. The lexical meaning of function words is abstract, but it has many grammatical functions such as expressing mood and organizing content words.
Function words in classical Chinese, especially commonly used function words, appear frequently in classical Chinese and have flexible usage. When reading classical Chinese, we should be good at distinguishing the meaning and function of function words in order to fully understand the meaning of the article.
If function words are misunderstood, it will affect the understanding of the whole sentence and even the whole article. In learning, we should pay attention to the following convenient questions.
1, distinguish between real words and function words. Function words in classical Chinese are mostly grammaticalized from real words.
For example, the basic meaning of "suo" is "place", and later it is extended to "place" or "person" as a structural auxiliary word. For another example, the basic meaning of "zhi" is "Xiang", which was later blurred into pronouns, auxiliary words and modal particles.
7. When two tigers compete, there is bound to be injury. The classical Chinese answer is urgent. Zhuangzi (2) to stab the tiger, the pavilion will stop it. He said: "Two tigers eat cows and fight for food. They fight, they fight. If they fight, the older one will get hurt and the younger one will die. From the wound, there must be the name of double Hu. " Bian Zhuangzi thought so and made a decision. After a while, two tigers fought, the big one was injured and the little one died. Zhuangzi stabbed him out of the wounded, and he got the credit from Shuang Hu.
Precautions:
(1) from the historical records? Zhang Yichuan. ② Zhuangzi: This refers to Zhuangzi, a warrior of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. (3) Graceful and upright: the servant of the hotel. 4 must: wait.
1, explaining the polysemous words added in the sentence.
(1) Two tigers eat cows (2) Bian Zhuangzi thinks so.
(3) There is a vertical axis at the end of the pavilion. (4) For a moment, the two tigers competed with each other.
2. Explain the "zhi" added in the sentence.
(1) Use a vertical shaft (2) to poke it out of the wound.
3. The two items added in the following sentences with the same meaning are ().
A, to B city, so there are things outside for fun.
Wei was seriously injured and stabbed, so he resigned from the viceroy and went to his post in Shu.
4. Translate sentences.
Stab straight from the wound, and every move will have the name of Shuang Hu.
The idiom you think of is similar to this story.
What does this story tell us? (Hint: You can answer it from both human and animal perspectives. )
1, ① masculine ② pronoun, "like this"; (3) Stop (4) After a while (2), (1) pronoun, Zhuangzi (2) pronoun, Tiger (3), AD. (ad. Verb, arrive, go; B. auxiliary words, yes; C. symbols of auxiliary words and preposition objects. ) 4, from hurting the tiger to stabbing, you get the reputation of killing two birds with one stone at once. 5. Tip: When snipes compete with mussels, fishermen will benefit. It can be answered from the perspective of human (Zhuangzi) or animal (tiger). For example, people should be good at thinking, work hard, kill two birds with one stone and get twice the result with half the effort; People and animals should unite and depend on each other, otherwise it is difficult to survive for a long time.
Bian Zhuangzi wants to assassinate the tiger. The boy in the hotel dissuaded him and said, "Two tigers want to eat a cow. Be sure to call when you eat sweet. Fighting must be fought, and fighting will cause big injuries and small ones to be killed. Assassination from an injured tiger will suddenly gain the reputation of assassinating Shuanghu. " Bian Zhuangzi thought this was correct and stood waiting for them. After a while, two tigers really got into a fight. The older one was injured and the younger one was killed. Bian Zhuangzi assassinated the injured tiger and got the effect of killing Shuanghu at once.
8. What is "intertextuality" when two sentences * * * have the same meaning in classical Chinese translation?
Intertextuality is also called intertextuality and intertextuality. It is a rhetorical way in which words or contexts before and after the same sentence echo, penetrate and complement each other, and form, form and meaning are unified.
Intertextuality often takes the following forms: 1, single sentence intertextuality, such as "The Moon of Qin Dynasty, the Closure of Han Dynasty" (Wang Changling's "The Great Wall"), the poet put infinite feelings into the moon and closed the fortress, which means that the moon has been illuminated and closed since the Qin and Han Dynasties. The words "Qin" and "Han" in the sentence are intertextual, that is, the bright moon in Qin and Han Dynasties is the pass of Qin and Han Dynasties ... Another example is "the master dismounts and the guests board the ship" (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip). The words "host" and "guest" in the sentence are intertextual, and the words before and after are complementary, so it is called intertextuality, which should be understood as: the host and the guest get off together.
But in this sense they are a whole. For example, "The bow is stiff, but it is difficult to get out, and the iron clothes are difficult to protect" ("A song of snow is sent to the field-clerk Wu goes home".
Duhu (official name, responsible for conquering and appeasing border towns), the word "general" in the previous sentence is intertextual with the word "Duhu" in the next sentence. The frontier is blocked by cold weather, so the general and Duhu can't even open their bows, and even their armor is difficult to put on because of the cold weather. Another example is "the railways in big cities are not as good as those in small towns" (Du Fu's Tongguan Officials), and "big cities" and "small towns" all refer to cities on Tongguan.
The "big city" in the previous sentence and "small town" in the next sentence are intertextual and complementary in meaning. Tongguan, whether it is a big city or a small town, is both strong and high, and it is difficult to break through.
3. The upper and lower sentences complement each other, such as "I'm full of petals-I didn't sweep them for others, but now I'm open for you" (Du Fu's "Guest Arrives"), and the context in the sentence is complementary and interpenetrating, which should be understood as: I'm full of petals-I don't sweep them for others, and now I'm the monarch; Peng's door has never been opened for guests, but now it is opened for you. The use of intertextuality makes this poem tortuous, novel and unique, which vividly shows the author's enjoyment of seclusion in the thatched cottage, the indifference of making friends and the infinite joy of Cui's visit.
Obviously, "intertextuality" is a combination of words to be divided into two sentences. Through the mutual complement of words, the meaning of sentences is complete and the words are concise, so pay more attention to translation.