Climbing high
Tang Dynasty: Du Fu
The wind is strong, the apes high in the sky howl in mourning, and the white birds fly back from the clear sand in Zhu.
The endless falling trees rustle and the endless Yangtze River rolls by.
Wanli is always a guest in the sad autumn, and he has been sick for hundreds of years and is alone on the stage.
The endless trees are slowly dropping their fallen leaves, and the endless Yangtze River is rolling in.
Sad and sentimental about the autumn scenery, I have been a guest all year round after wandering thousands of miles. I have been plagued by illnesses throughout my life and now I stand alone on the high platform.
After going through all kinds of hardships and sorrows, my gray hair has grown all over my temples, and my heart is full of decadence and I have stopped drinking wine to drink my sorrow.
Comments
The title of the poem is "Climbing High in Nine Days". In ancient times, there was a custom of climbing on September 9th of the lunar calendar. Selected from "Detailed Notes on Du Shi". It was written on the Double Ninth Festival in the autumn of the second year of Dali (767) of Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty.
Xiao Ai: refers to the shrill cry of the ape.
渚(zhǔ): a small island in the water; a small piece of land in the water. Birds flying back: Birds flying and circling in the strong wind. Back: roundabout.
Falling wood: refers to the leaves falling in autumn. Xiao Xiao: simulates the sound of falling grass and trees.
Wanli: refers to being far away from home. Frequent guest: Wandering in a foreign country for a long time.
A hundred years: still refers to a lifetime, here it refers to the old age.
Difficulty: refers to both the national destiny and one's own destiny. Bitter hatred: Extreme hatred, extreme regret. Bitter, extremely. Frosty temples: Increased white hair, like frost and snow on the temples. Fan, used as a verb here, means to increase.
Down and out: decadent, frustrated. This refers to aging, sickness, and lack of ambition. New Stop: Just stopped. Du Fu gave up drinking due to illness in his later years, so he said "new stop".
Appreciation
This poem is included in the "Collection of Du Gongbu". The whole poem expresses the complex feelings of the poet who has been wandering for many years, old, sick and lonely through the scenery of the Autumn River seen from the height. It is generous and generous. Exciting and touching.
The first four sentences of this poem describe what you have experienced while climbing high. First couplet. The poet focused on the specific environment of Kuizhou and used the word "fengji" to drive the whole couplet. From the beginning, he wrote a good sentence that has been passed down through the ages. Kuizhou is famous for its large number of apes, and the Xiakou is famous for its strong winds. It's a crisp autumn day, but it's windy here. The poet climbed to a high place, and the sound of "the high ape roaring" kept coming from the gorge, which had the meaning of "the sound is heard in the empty valley, and the sorrow lasts for a long time" ("Shui Jing Zhu·Jiang Shui"). The poet moved his gaze from the heights to the river and Zhouzhu. On the background of clear water and white sand, there are dotted with flocks of birds flying in the wind and constantly circling. It is really a beautiful picture. Among them, the sky, wind, sand, and rivers, the roar of apes, and the flight of birds are all created by heaven and earth, and they are naturally paired. Not only are the upper and lower sentences corresponding, but there are also self-contrasts within the sentences, such as "sky" vs. "wind" in the previous sentence, "gao" vs. "ji"; "sha" vs. "Zhu", "white" vs. "qing" in the next sentence, It reads rhythmically. After the poet's artistic refinement, the fourteen words are precise and accurate, and none of them are false. The use of words is "all thanks to the ax and chisel", reaching a wonderful and indescribable state. What's more noteworthy is that in the first sentence of the couplet, the last word is often in oblique tone, but this poem uses flat tone to rhyme. Shen Deqian was praised for his "reuse of rhyme in the two-sentence couplets, which changes the style" ("Biecai of Tang Poems").
The couplets express the typical characteristics of autumn in Kuizhou. The poet looked up at the boundless swaying wooden leaves and looked down at the endlessly flowing and rolling river. While describing the scene, he deeply expressed his feelings. "Boundless" and "Endless" make the "Xiao Xiao" and "Rolling" more vivid, which not only reminds people of the sound of falling wood and the turbulent shape of the Yangtze River, but also conveys the feeling that time is fleeting and ambitions are hard to achieve. . Through the melancholy and sad couplets, it shows the superb writing power, and it has the majestic momentum of "building a bridge" and "paying attention to the east of hundreds of rivers". The predecessors praised it as the "transformation state in the sentence" that is "unparalleled in ancient and modern times", which is reasonable.
The first two couplets try their best to describe the autumn scenery, but it is not until the neck couplet that the word "Autumn" is clicked. "Only on the stage" indicates that the poet is looking far away from a high place, which closely links the vision of his eyes with the feelings in his heart. "Often a guest" points out the poet's wandering career. "A hundred years" is a metaphor for a limited life, here it refers specifically to the old age. The word "Sad Autumn" is written with sadness. Autumn is not necessarily sad, but when the poet saw the desolate and majestic autumn scenery, he couldn't help but think of his situation in a foreign land, old and sick, so he felt infinite sadness. The poet summarizes the feelings of Jiuke who is most prone to sadness and who is sick and loves to go on stage only in a couplet of "magnificent and loud, really loud", which makes people deeply feel his heavy beating. Emotional pulse. The "ten thousand miles" and "hundred years" in this couplet and the "boundless" and "endless" in the previous couplet also echo each other: the poet's travel sorrow and loneliness are like fallen leaves and rivers, endlessly pushing and driving away Continuously, emotions and scenes blend together. At this point in the poem, the general meaning of being a guest and homesickness has been added, and the content of being lonely for a long time has been added, the emotion of sadness and suffering in autumn has been added, and the sigh of being in one's twilight years after being thousands of miles away from home has made the poem even more profound.
The last couplet is a couplet and consists of five or six sentences. The poet is prepared to experience the pain of poverty and poverty. The national crisis and family worries will make his hair gray more and more. In addition, he stops drinking due to illness, which makes it even more difficult to relieve his sorrow.
It was easy to understand the poet's contradictory mood when he was originally excited to climb high and look far away, but now he was aroused hatred and sorrow for no reason. The first six sentences are "flying and shaking", but here they are "soft and cold, and the infinite sadness overflows beyond the words" ("Shi Sou").
The first half of the poem describes the scenery, and the second half is lyrical. Each has its own intricacies in writing. The first couplet focuses on depicting the specific scenery in front of you, just like a painter's fine brushwork, where shape, sound, color, and attitude are all expressed one by one. The second couplet focuses on rendering the entire autumn atmosphere, just like a painter's freehand brushwork. It should only be expressive and understandable, allowing readers to supplement it with their imagination. The triptych expresses emotions, written from both vertical (time) and horizontal (space) aspects, from wandering in a foreign land to being sick and disabled. The four couplets also start with the increasing number of gray hairs and stopping drinking to protect the sick, which is attributed to the difficult times as the root cause of poverty. In this way, Du Fu's sentiment when he was worried about the country's injury came to the fore.
All eight lines of this poem are correct. At a cursory look, the head and tail seem to be "not right", and the chest and abdomen seem to be "uninterested in being right". If you think about it carefully, "In an article, every sentence is regular, and in a sentence, every word is regular." Not only "the whole text is legal", but also "the sentences and words used", "people in ancient and modern times will never dare to teach, and they will never be able to teach". It is a matter of course that it can win the reputation of "unparalleled work of its generation" (both see Hu Yinglin's "Shi Sou").