There are the following five poems that care about the world
Du Fu: With tens of millions of mansions, it can shelter all the poor people in the world with joy.
Fan Zhongyan: Worry first when the world is worried, then rejoice when the world is happy.
Lu You: Wang Shibei set the day for the Central Plains, and he did not forget to report the family sacrifices to Nai Weng!
Gu Yanwu: Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world.
Lin Zexu: The life and death of the country depend on seeking benefits, why should we avoid it due to misfortunes and blessings?
1. Du Fu: There are tens of millions of mansions in Ande, which can shelter all the poor people in the world with joy.
The meaning of this poem is how to get tens of millions of spacious and tall houses to universally shelter poor scholars in the world and make them all smile.
This poem comes from "Song of Thatched House Broken by the Autumn Wind" by Du Fu, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The original text is "The high autumn wind howled in August and rolled up the triple thatch on my house." Mao flies across the river and spreads across the outskirts of the river. The taller ones hang on the treetops, while the lower ones float around the pond. A group of children in the south village bullied me into being old and weak, and I was a thief who could not stand it. He carried thatch into the bamboo without hesitation, his lips were burnt and his mouth was dry and he couldn't breathe. When he came back, he leaned on his staff and sighed. The wind in Russia makes the clouds dark, and the autumn desert turns dark. The quilt has been as cold as iron for many years, and the delicate child is lying on it and is cracked inside. There is no drying place for the leakage at the bedside, and the rain is like hemp on the feet and has not been stopped. Since my period is disordered and I don’t sleep much, how can I get wet all night long? There are tens of millions of mansions in Ande, which can shelter the poor people all over the world and make them happy. They are as safe as a mountain even in the wind and rain! Wow, when I suddenly see this house in front of my eyes, it will be enough for my house to be broken down and freeze to death!
The translation of this poem is: In the deep autumn of August, the strong wind roared and swept away several layers of thatch on my roof. Thatch flies across the Huanhua River and is scattered on the other side of the river. The thatch that flies high hangs on the high treetops, and the grass that flies low flutters and sinks into the low-lying ponds. A group of children in Nancun bullied me because I was old and weak. They couldn't bear to steal things in front of me, so they ran into the bamboo forest holding thatch without any scruples. There was no use having burnt lips and dry mouth, so I had to come back, leaning on a cane, and sighing by myself. After a while, the wind stopped, and the dark clouds in the sky were as black as ink. The late autumn color was gray and gradually darkened. The cloth quilt has been used for many years, and it is cold and hard, like an iron plate. The child was not sleeping well and was limping under the quilt. When the roof leaked, there was no dry place even at the head of the bed. Line-like raindrops continued to fall. Since the war, I have had very little time to sleep. The nights are long and the house is leaky and the bed is wet. How can I wait until dawn? How can we get tens of thousands of spacious and tall houses to universally shelter poor scholars all over the world, so that they can all smile, not be shaken by wind and rain, and be as stable as a mountain? well! When will such a tall house appear in front of me, my hut will be blown apart, and I will be willing to freeze to death!
The poem "Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind" describes the scene of a leaky house and wind and rain on an autumn night, and truly records a fragment of life in a thatched cottage. At the end of the chapter, a strange place suddenly appeared. Using personal experience, I extended myself to others. I further put my own hardships aside and envisioned thousands of vast mansions that would shelter the poor people from all over the world. This unrealistic fantasy is based on the poet's thought of being devoted to the country and being hungry and drowning; and the expression of his broad mind makes the work radiate the brilliance of positive romanticism. The language of the whole poem is extremely simple and the imagery is majestic. It has no control but comes out one after another. It flows from the heart, so it can grip people's hearts.
Du Fu (712 AD - 770 AD), courtesy name Zimei, Han nationality, native of Xiangyang, was born in Gong County, Henan Province. Called himself Shaoling Yelao, he was a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty. Together with Li Bai, he was known as "Li Du". In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, known as "Little Li Du", Du Fu and Li Bai are also collectively known as "Big Li Du", and Du Fu is often called "Old Du". Du Fu had a profound influence on Chinese classical poetry. He was called the "Sage of Poetry" by later generations, and his poems were called the "History of Poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang. Du Fu created such masterpieces as "Spring Look", "Northern Expedition", "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". In 759, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he escaped the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about the common people and national affairs. Although Du Fu is a realist poet, he also has a wild and uninhibited side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroic spirit from his famous work "Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking". The core of Du Fu's thoughts is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has the grand ambition of "bringing the emperors Yao and Shun to the throne, and then making the customs pure." Although Du Fu was not well-known during his lifetime, he later became famous and had a profound impact on both Chinese and Japanese literature. About 1,500 poems by Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected in "Du Gongbu Collection".
2. Fan Zhongyan: Worry about the world’s worries first, and rejoice after the world’s happiness.
The meaning of this poem is to put the interests of the country and the nation first, worry about the future and destiny of the motherland, and contribute to the happiness of the people in the world. It shows the author's lofty political ambitions and greatness. of courage.
This poem comes from Song Dynasty Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower", the original text is "嗟夫!" Why should I try to seek the benevolent heart of the ancients or do something different from the two? Don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself; if you live high in a temple, you worry about its people; if you live far away in the rivers and lakes, you worry about your king. It means that you are worried when you advance, and you are also worried when you retreat.
But when will you be happy? Is it necessary to say, "Be worried about the world's worries first, and be happy after the world's happiness"? Alas! Weisi people, who can I return to?
The translation of this note is Alas! I once explored the thoughts of people with noble moral character in ancient times. Perhaps they were different from the above two moods. Why is this? They do not feel happy or sad because of the quality of external things or personal gains and losses; those who serve in the court worry about the people; those who do not serve in the court worry about the king. In this way, officials in the government are worried, and people in the opposition are also worried. In this case, when will you be happy? Then we must say "worry before the people in the world are worried, and be happy after the people in the world are happy"? well! If there is no such person, who should I go with?
The whole story of "Yueyang Tower" has only 368 words, but it is rich in content and rich in emotion. It naturally combines narrative, scene description, discussion, and lyricism. It not only explains the story of the matter, but also describes the scenery of the lake. The description includes both insightful and profound discussion and melancholy and sad lyricism. Remember buildings, record events, and place your own aspirations. The author is also good at using simplicity to control complexity, and cleverly transforms content and writing methods. For example, the phrase "predecessors have prepared it" has led to countless narrations, the phrase "however" has led to "the feeling of looking at things", the phrase "or the difference between the two" has been used to start the discussion topic, and so on, thousands of times. Turning, advancing layer by layer, the narrative and romance are all in the realm of reality. Fan Zhongyan took the opportunity of writing a note to implicitly and euphemistically advise Teng Zijing to "not be happy with things, not to be sad with oneself", and tried to use his world-saving feelings and optimistic spirit of "worrying about the world's worries first, and rejoicing after the world's happiness". Infect an old friend. This is the purpose of this article, and it also determines the style of combining narrative and discussion.
Fan Zhongyan (August 29, 989 - May 20, 1052), courtesy name Xiwen, Han nationality, was a famous thinker, politician, military strategist, and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Fan Zhongyan lost his father when he was young, and his mother remarried to the Zhu family of Changshan, so she changed her name to Zhu Shuo. In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1015), Fan Zhongyan studied hard and passed the exam. He was awarded the title of Manager of the Guangde Army and joined the army. He welcomed his mother back to his hometown and changed his name back to his original name. Later, he served successively as the magistrate of Xinghua County, the school manager of Mi Pavilion, the general magistrate of Chenzhou, and the magistrate of Suzhou. He held a high position, but was repeatedly criticized for speaking out and impartially. In the first year of Kangding (1040), he and Han Qi served as the deputy envoys of Shaanxi economic strategy to appease and recruit, and adopted the policy of "garrisoning for a long time" to consolidate the northwest border defense. In the third year of Qingli Dynasty (1043), he served as the counselor of political affairs. He wrote "Ten Matters in Reply to the Imperial Edict" and proposed ten reform measures. In the fifth year of Qingli (1045), the New Deal suffered a setback and Fan Zhongyan was demoted from Beijing and successively served as magistrate of Pizhou, Dengzhou, Hangzhou and Qingzhou. In the fourth year of Huangyou's reign (1052), he changed his name to Yingzhou, and Fan Zhongyan took office. He traveled to Xuzhou and passed away at the age of sixty-four. His posthumous title was Wenzheng, and he was known as Fan Wenzhenggong in the world. Fan Zhongyan had outstanding political achievements and outstanding literary achievements. He advocated the idea of ??"worrying about the world's worries first, and rejoicing after the world's happiness" and the integrity of benevolent people with lofty ideals, which had a profound impact on later generations.
3. Lu You: Wang Shibei set the day for the Central Plains, and he never forgot to tell Naiwen during family sacrifices!
The meaning of this poem is the day when the army of the Song Dynasty regained the lost land in the Central Plains. When it comes, you hold family sacrifices, and don’t forget to tell your father the good news! .
This poem comes from "Shi'er" by Lu You, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. The original text is that after death, I know that everything is in vain, but I am sad that I can't see the same thing as Jiuzhou. Wang Shibei set the Central Plains Day, and he never forgot to tell Naiwen during family sacrifices.
The translation of this poem is "I know that there is nothing after death." I just feel sad that I didn’t see the reunification of my motherland with my own eyes. On the day when the imperial army regains the northern territory, when you worship your ancestors at home, don't forget to tell me about this. ”
The poem "Shi'er" uses twists and turns to express the poet's complex thoughts and emotions when he was dying. He expressed both the endless resentment that the great cause of fighting against Jin Dynasty had not been accomplished, and the hope that the sacred cause would be accomplished. The whole poem has elements of sadness, but the tone is passionate. The language of the poem is natural, without any refinement, it is all a natural expression of true feelings, but it is more beautiful and touching than a deliberately crafted poem.
Lu You (1125-1210), Ziwuguan, nicknamed Fangweng, Han nationality, was a native of Shanyin, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing), a writer, historian and patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. Lu You was born when the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed. When he was young, he was deeply influenced by his family's patriotism. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites, but his official career failed because of being rejected by Qin Hui. He held positions such as general magistrate of Xingfu, and was repeatedly rejected by the Zhuhe faction because of his persistence in resisting the Jin Dynasty. In the seventh year of Qiandao (1171), he joined the army at the invitation of Wang Yan, the Xuanfu envoy of Sichuan, and served in the Nanzheng shogunate. The following year, the shogunate was dissolved. Lu You was ordered to enter Shu and became acquainted with Fan Chengda. After Song Guangzong succeeded to the throne, he was promoted to be a doctor in the Ministry of Rites and a reviewer of the Shilu Academy. He soon resigned and returned to his hometown in the second year of Jiatai (1202) because of "mocking and chanting the wind and moon". Ningzong of the Song Dynasty ordered Lu You to come to Beijing and preside over the compilation of Xiaozong's and Guangzong's "Records of the Two Dynasties" and "History of the Three Dynasties". After the book was completed, Lu You lived in seclusion in Shanyin for a long time. He passed away in the second year of Jiading (1210) and left his last works. "Shi'er". Lu You kept writing throughout his life and made great achievements in both poetry and prose. His poems have easy-to-understand language and neat and rigorous composition. They combine Li Bai's majestic and unrestrained style with Du Fu's melancholy and desolate style. They are especially full of patriotic enthusiasm and have an impact on later generations. Far-reaching. Lu You also has a talent for history. His "Book of the Southern Tang Dynasty" is "simple and accurate" and has a vivid historical commentary, which has high historical value.
4. Gu Yanwu: The rise and fall of the world depends on everyone. responsibility.
The meaning of this poem is that every common person has an unshirkable responsibility for the rise and fall of major events in the world.
This poem comes from Gu Yanwu's "Rizhilu·Zhengshi". The original text is that there is a country subjugated, and there is a subjugation of the world. Is there a difference between subjugating the country and subjugating the world? Said: "Changing one's surname to one's name is called the country's subjugation; benevolence and righteousness are too much, but leading the beasts to eat people, and people will eat each other, is called the world's subjugation. This is why we know how to protect the world, and then we know how to protect the country. Those who protect the country must be their rulers. Those who eat meat seek it; those who protect the world, how can they be responsible for being humble?
The translation of this poem is "subjugate the country" and "subdue the world" are two different concepts. "It refers to the change of dynasties, the change of emperors and the title of the country. However, benevolence and morality cannot be promoted, the rulers abuse the people, and there are constant disputes among the people, saying that the world will perish. Things like protecting the country only need to be left to the king. The emperor, ministers, and those in charge of profit were responsible for planning, but the rise and fall of the "world" was also the responsibility of the humble people.
"Rizhilu·Zhengshi" is a famous scholar in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. The representative work of Gu Yanwu, a great thinker, has a huge influence on later generations. This book is a large-scale academic notebook compiled over many years. It is a work by Gu Yanwu who "learned from the past, took notes at any time, and compiled them into books over time." With the purpose of saving the world, it encompasses all of the author's academic and political thoughts, with connotations of advocating for the world and warning the world.
Gu Yanwu (1613.7.15-1682.2.15), Han nationality, was directly under the direct control of Kunshan Qianden, Suzhou Prefecture in the Ming Dynasty. A native of the town, his real name is Jiang, his nickname is Fanhan, his aliases are Jikun and Guinian, his courtesy names are Zhongqing and Ningren, and he also signs himself as Jiangshan servant. After the defeat of Nandu, he changed his name to Yanwu because he admired the conduct of Wang Yanwu, a student of Wen Tianxiang, because there is a pavilion next to his former residence. Lin Hu, respected by scholars as Mr. Ting Lin, was an outstanding thinker, classics scholar, historian and phonologist in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. He was known as the "Three Great Confucians" in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties along with Huang Zongxi and Wang Fuzhi. Traveling thousands of miles and reading thousands of books, he created a new academic method and became a great master in the early Qing Dynasty. He was known as the "founder" of Qing Dynasty. Yixiang, Hecao, soldiers and peasants, hundreds of schools of classics and history, and phonological exegesis were all studied. In his later years, he paid more attention to the study of classics and opened up the Qing Dynasty's simple learning style. Learning and doing, studying and managing the world are one. His poems are mostly touching on the times and events. His main works include "Rizhilu", "Book of Benefits of All Countries under Heaven", "Zhi of Zhaoyu" and "Five Books on Music". ", "Rhyme Supplement", "Ancient Phonetic Table", "Original Sound of Poems", "Tang Yun Zheng", "On Sound", "Inscriptions on Epigraphy", "Collection of Tinglin Poems", etc.
5. Lin Zexu. : Live and die for the benefit of the country, why should you avoid misfortunes and fortunes?
The meaning of this poem is that as long as it is beneficial to the country, you will be willing to sacrifice your own life and will never hide because you may be harmed.
This poem comes from Lin Zexu's "Going to the garrison to tell the family." Follow this trend? It is the king's kindness to relegate me to the garrison. It is appropriate to talk about stories with the mountain wife and try to sing the old scalp.
The translation of this poem is that I have low ability and heavy responsibility. I have long been exhausted. My aging body and mediocre talents will definitely not be able to support me if I have to shoulder heavy responsibilities again and again. If it is beneficial to the country, I will not care about my life or death. Is it possible to avoid disasters and step forward to welcome blessings? I was exiled to Yili because of your kindness. It is better for me to retire and not be an official, as it is suitable for me to be a mature soldier. I was joking and talking to my old wife about the story of Song Zhenzong summoning Yang Pu and Su Dongpo to prison as recorded in "Dongpo Zhilin", and said that you might as well recite the poem "This time I will lose my scalp" to express my gratitude. I see you off.
The poem "Going to the garrison and showing off to the family at the entrance" shows that Lin Zexu was relegated to Yili and exiled to the army for advocating a ban on smoking. He was forced to express his patriotic feelings and character when he was separated from his family in Xi'an. And made. It expresses the author's lofty spirit of dedicating himself to the country regardless of personal gain or loss. The poem is honest, graceful, peaceful and generous, which is quite suitable for a minister.
Lin Zexu (August 30, 1785 - November 22, 1850), a native of Houguan, Fujian Province (now Fuzhou City), was named Yuanfu, also named Shaomu and Shilin, and his late name was The old man of Qicun, the retired old man of Qicun, the retired old man of Seventy-two Peaks, the layman of Pingquan, the Sanren of Lishe, etc. were politicians, thinkers and poets in the Qing Dynasty. They reached the first rank and served as governor of Huguang, Shaanxi-Gansu and Yunnan-Guizhou. Governor-General, twice appointed imperial envoy; because of his advocacy of strictly prohibiting opium, he is known as a "national hero" in China. When Lin Zexu banned opium in Guangdong in 1839, he sent people to investigate and secretly investigate, forcing foreign opium merchants to hand over their opium, and the confiscated opium was destroyed in Humen on June 3, 1839. The destruction of opium in Humen plunged Sino-British relations into a state of extreme tension and became the first Opium War and an excuse for Britain to invade China. Although Lin Zexu devoted his life to resisting Western invasion, he maintained an open attitude toward Western culture, technology, and trade, advocating learning and applying the best of them. According to documentary records, he was at least somewhat fluent in English and Portuguese, and he focused on translating Western newspapers, periodicals, and books. Wei Yuan, a thinker in the late Qing Dynasty, compiled the documents translated by Lin Zexu and his staff into "Hai Guo Tu Zhi", which inspired the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty and even Japan's Meiji Restoration.