Tao Yuanming returned to Yuantianju (1):
Few people do as the Romans do. Their nature is to love nature. Fall into the dust net by mistake, thirteen years. Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past. Open up wasteland in the south and return to the garden. There are more than ten acres of square houses and eight or nine straw houses. Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital. The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village. Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster. There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely. Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
Second:
There are few chariots and horses in the secluded places when the countryside makes friends with the secular world. This day is still Chai Men closed, and the pure mind blocks the vulgar thoughts. When complex market music, grass * * *. When we meet, we don't talk about worldly affairs, only that the garden is long in Sang Ma. My field is growing higher and higher, and my cultivated land is expanding day by day. Often worried about sudden frost, crops wither like shrubs.
Third:
I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the weeds in the field were covered with peas. Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night. The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes. It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.
Fourth:
Long-term tourism mountain ze, wild forest entertainment. Try to take your son and nephew and put them in the wild market. Yiyi wandered between mountains and dragons, living in the past. There are remnants in the well, and the mulberry and bamboo rot. Excuse me, what is this person like? The wage earners told me that "there is no rest after death". "A lifetime in a foreign land" is really true! Life seems illusory, and eventually it will be empty.
Fifth:
Alone in a sense of loss, I returned to my hometown with a staff member. The road was bumpy and in shock. The mountain stream is shallow and meets my feet. I'm drinking my newly cooked wine, and two chickens attract the latest game. When the sun sets, the candle is lit instead. The height is high and the height is short, and the east is getting white.
Sixth.
The seedlings are in Gaodong, and the seedlings are full of buildings. Although lotus hoe is tired, muddy wine is at ease. At dusk, the road was dark. Look back at the fireworks and wait for the eaves. What is a gentleman? There will be service in a hundred years. I hope mulberry can succeed and silkworm can get a spinning performance. Su Xin is so much, which is beneficial to see three benefits.
Tao Yuanming's Guiyuanju Original 2 Guiyuanju (Part III) Original:
Tao Yuanming
I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the weeds in the field were covered with peas.
Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night.
The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes.
It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.
Precautions:
Get up in the morning and go to the fields to weed.
[Hohoe] carrying a hoe. H: Take it.
[Vegetation] Covered with vegetation.
[But let it go against your will] As long as it doesn't go against your will.
Gui Yuan Tian Ju (Ⅲ) translation:
At the foot of the southern hillside, there is my bean field, which is overgrown with weeds and the bean seedlings grow sparsely.
In the morning, I loosen the soil and weed, and under the stars and the moon, I go home to rest with my hoe.
Vegetation covered the narrow road home, and the dew at night wet my rough coat.
What's a pity that clothes are wet? I just want my wish to die.
Guiyuan Tianju (3) Writing background:
In the second year of Jin Dynasty, that is, the year after Yuan and Ming bid farewell to Peng, the poet wrote five famous "Returning to the Garden". These poems are the ode of the poet to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. The profound ideological changes and exquisite artistic skills it reflects are not only valued by scholars who have been studying Tao Yuanming, but also fascinated the vast number of ceramic poetry lovers.
Appreciation of Return to Garden House (Ⅲ);
Tao Yuanming's Return to the Garden has five songs, and this is the third one. On the surface, this poem is about the joy of pastoral work and the idea of seclusion in the mountains; But comparing this poem with other poems, the author's "wish" actually has its special connotation.
I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the weeds in the field were covered with peas.
These two sentences are about planting beans at the foot of Nanshan Mountain. The grass is lush, but the bean seedlings are sparse. The first sentence is very plain, just like an old farmer standing there talking, which makes people feel very cordial.
Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night.
In order not to make the bean field barren, the poet went to the fields early in the morning and came back in the moonlight at night. Although it is very hard, he doesn't complain, which can be seen from the beautiful scenery of "The Moon Lotus Comes Home".
The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes.
It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.
The road is narrow and the grass is long, but the clothes are wet. What's the pity? This sentence seems dull, but this dullness just reflects the ending sentence "but I don't want to violate it", which makes "I don't want to violate it" very fully emphasized. The "wish" here contains the meaning of not losing yourself in the dirty real world.
The language of this poem is very plain and natural. "Planting beans in Shannan" and "Dew on my clothes" are all random, without any modification. This natural and simple poem is integrated into the artistic conception of the whole poem, which makes the spoken language become a poem, harmoniously unifies the simple spoken language with the mellow beauty of poetry, and forms the artistic characteristics of Shi Tao's plain and mellow beauty.
Tao poetry is plain and interesting. The interest of Tao poetry comes from freehand brushwork. "Go home with the moon hoe", the poet who returned from work is alone, but accompanied by the bright moon. The poet under the moon walked through waist-deep grass with a hoe on his shoulder. Returning to the countryside on a moonlit night, what a beautiful picture! It is full of the poet's happy mood and seclusion pride.
The plain language of "planting beans in Nanshan" and the beautiful sentence of "bringing lotus home in the moon"; The first sentence is real, and the last sentence is empty. The whole poem is soft and perfect with the mutual complement of simplicity and reality.
About the author:
Tao Yuanming (about 376 ~ 427), whose name was Ming, was "Mr. Wu Liu" and changed his name to "Qian" in his later years. He was born in Chaisang, Xunyang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province). Born in a declining family, he lived in the Jin and Song Dynasties. My father died early, because his family was poor and he worked as an official for several years. However, because of his "nature * nature", he refused to "take the heart as a service" and "bend over for Wudoumi and work for the villagers", leaving his post and living a self-sufficient pastoral life. Sick since childhood, he wrote "Biography of Mr. Wu Liu" to describe himself, calling himself "quiet and indifferent, not greedy for profit." Good reading, not asking for a solution; Every time I know something, I will happily forget to eat "and" sexually addicted to alcohol ",but" my family is poor and I always can't get it "; Although the days are very hard (see "The ring is bare and it is not windy; A short brown knot, a ladybug repeatedly empty "), but he can be happy and forget the gains and losses. "Don't care about the poor, don't care about the rich" is a true portrayal of his life. He died around the age of 60. After his death, his relatives and friends talked privately about "Realm is Real". Deeply respected by later literati and poets, Ouyang Wenzhong even thought that "there was no article in Jin Dynasty, but Gui Ci"; In China, poets enjoy a very high status. Mr. Zhu Guangqian thinks that only Qu Yuan and Du Fu can compare with him.
Tao Yuanming returns to Yuan Tianju's original work 3.
Gui yuan Tian ju (er)
There are few people in the wild, and there are few Martell in the hinterland.
Covered with Jing powder during the day, I thought in an empty room.
When the market is happy, the grass is * * * and ④.
Meet each other without gossip, Sang Ma long.
The days in Sang Ma are long, but those in our country are wide.
Always afraid of frost, just like grass.
Annotation of works
① the wild: the countryside. H: a little less. Personnel: refers to contact with laity. Both "personnel" and "humanistic environment" in Tao Yuanming's poems have derogatory meanings. "Personnel" means "secular things" and "humanistic environment" means "secular things". Living in the wild, I seldom associate with the outside world.
② Poor alley: a remote alley. Yρng center: A belt that a horse wears around its neck when driving. Wheel martingale: refers to horses and chariots. A mean lane with few chariots and horses.
3 daytime: daytime. Fei Jing: Chai Men. Dust thinking: secular concept. These two sentences mean that Chai Men is closed during the day, and all worldly thoughts are rejected in a quiet room.
4 replies: Sometimes. Qu: A secluded place. Street song: the countryside. Parker: Pull it out. These two sentences mean that sometimes you leave the grass to associate with the villagers.
⑤ Miscellaneous words: Dust words point to officials seeking money and other remarks. Dan Tao: Go ahead. The meaning of this sentence and the next one is to meet the villagers, not to talk about officialdom, but to talk about the growth of Sang Ma.
6. These two sentences mean that Sang Ma grows up day by day, and the land I cultivate is vast day by day.
⑦ ⑦ (xiàn now): small snow particles. Mang: grass. Always worried about the coming of frost and snow, making Sang Ma wither like a grasshopper. It should also include the risk of war-torn chaisang countryside.
Translation of works
There are few friends in the country and the secular, and there are few horses and chariots in the alley.
During the day, Chai Men was closed, his heart was pure, and vulgar thoughts were cut off.
Often set foot in remote villages, through the grass to communicate with each other.
When we meet, we don't talk about worldly things, but only about the growth of rural mulberry mothers.
My field grows taller and taller, and my cultivated land is wider and wider.
I often worry that frost and snow will suddenly come and crops will wither like weeds.
works appreciation
Tao Yuanming's "nature loves hills" is not only because he has lived in the countryside for a long time, but also because the smoky villages and the crowing of chickens and dogs in deep alleys will arouse his infinite kindness. More importantly, in his mind, the beautiful and quiet countryside is an ideal world opposite to officialdom, where there is no violence and falsehood, only simplicity, innocence, harmony and nature. Therefore, he always entrusts the "meaning" in his chest through the pastoral scenery and excavates the inner beauty of rural life. Guiyuanju's poems are the works of the poet in his early seclusion. The first poem "Little Folk Rhyme Returning to the Garden House" focuses on his happy mood of "returning to nature in a cage for a long time", while this one deliberately writes about the tranquility of rural life.
The first four sentences are written "respect" from the front. After the poet got rid of the life of an official, he was lonely in the middle of the night and returned to the remote countryside. There were few secular social intercourse and fewer guests in the officialdom, so he said very easily, "There are fewer people in the wild and fewer wheels in the poor lanes." He finally got his own peace again. It is precisely because there is no interference from ordinary people that "I hide the scenery during the day and think in the empty room." Chai Men, a quiet room, has abandoned all the noise and customs in the world. -The poet's body and mind are at peace. In these four sentences, the poet repeatedly used "wilderness", "backcountry", "scenic spot" and "empty room" to emphasize the poverty of rural houses, implying his noble heart of staying poor and keeping ambition.
However, the door left unlocked Chai Men is also open. The poet "walks with the grass in the music of the market", and he often comes and goes with his neighbors along the grassy field paths; Poets don't always sit alone in a "virtual room". He often talks about Summer with his neighbors. However, in the poet's view, communication with simple farmers is definitely different from official entertainment, and it is not the "personnel" he hates; Talking about the growth of Sangma together is definitely different from caring about the ups and downs of officialdom, and it is not a "miscellaneous word" that he hates. Therefore, the relationship between the poet and his neighbors is so friendly and frank, whether it is "interacting with the grass" or "talking with Sang Ma". Compared with the officialdom full of blackmail and hypocrisy, the relationship between people here is clear. This is the external "movement" and the internal "quietness" of rural life.
Of course, there are joys and fears in rural life. "Sang Ma's days are long, but China's days are wide". The crops are growing day by day, and more and more wasteland has been reclaimed, which is gratifying; At the same time, "I am always afraid that first frost will come and be destroyed with the grass." I'm afraid my efforts will be destroyed, I'm afraid. However, the joy and fear here are not "dust thoughts"; On the contrary, this kind of pure joy and fear reflects the poet's mind becoming Ming Che and feelings becoming simple after the washing of rural labor. -this is to further express the "quietness" of the heart through the "movement" of the heart.
The poet narrates the daily fragments of rural life in plain language and carefree style, so that readers can feel the tranquility of the countryside and their own mood. In this "quiet" realm, there is a simple and honest feeling. Yuan Haowen once said, "Is this man a poem? He wrote it straight on his chest. " What the poet describes here is an ideal world of peace and harmony.
Brief introduction of the author
Tao Yuanming (365~427) was a poet, lyricist and essayist in Jin and Song Dynasties. A latent and vivid figure, a private and quiet festival. Xunyang Chaisang (now southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi) was born. Born in a declining bureaucratic family. Great-grandfather Tao Kan was the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, his grandfather was a satrap, his father died young, and his mother was the daughter of Meng Jia, a famous person in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Tao Yuanming's life can be roughly divided into three periods. In the first period, before the age of 28, he lived in poverty since childhood because of his father's early death. In the second period, I studied as an official, from 29 years old in 393 (the 18th year of Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty) to 465,438+0 years old in 405 (the first year of Yixi in Jin 'an). In the third period, he returned to the field and died from 406 (the second year of Yixi) to 427 (the fourth year of Yuanjia, Song Wendi). More than 20 years after back in the game was the most abundant period of his creation. Tao Yuanming, known as the "hermit poet", initiated the integration of landscape pastoral poetry. The artistic achievements of Tao's poetry have been respected since the Tang Dynasty, and even regarded as "the fundamental principle of poetry". There are 125 poems and 12 articles handed down from generation to generation, and later generations compiled it as Tao Yuanming's Collection.