Entering the capital
Li Hongzhang of the Qing Dynasty
First
The husband held the Wu hook with one hand, and his spirit was higher than that of Baichilou. Whoever writes history in the past ten thousand years wants to be named a marquis from three thousand miles away.
The general will be swift and swift, and he will follow the road with leisurely leisurely pursuit of water gulls. Smiling and pointing at the moon beside Lugou Bridge, how many people will come to Yingzhou from now on?
Second
For many years, I have been trapped in the world of mortals, regretting that my horse has spent twenty springs; the horses have left the group and have no love at all, and the old base of Yan Ci has been updated with new plans.
I have made friends with famous people all over the country, and I have visited the capital of Taoism. Here I can seek help from writing, because I am an old and depressed person!
Third
The Taidai of the Yellow River stretches to the sky, and when you look down, there is a little smoke flowing in the middle; this place is as eye-opening as possible, and it is not a good place to travel far to enjoy the mountains and rivers.
Lu Ji’s fame was only achieved when he entered Luo, and Su Shi’s visit strengthened his ambitions. Many thanks to Master Yibuqiong, he still sits here to compile his posthumous works in his remaining years.
Fourth
Looking back, the past has turned into dust. I am from east to west, north and south; I have fallen into deep dreams three times in white, and I have been in blue shirt for ten years.
There is no need to predict whether the poor will have their destiny or not. When will the rich help the poor? The famous competition has been going on for a long time, but it still looks like an old Confucian scarf.
Fifth
I am as cramped as a louse in my clothes, and I want to ride the spring waves to Longmen; many of my peers are in the same family, and they have spent their years and money.
The two words of fame add passion, and I know that I have been blessed for half a lifetime; I feel the chicken night in my heart, and I remember the autumn wind to wipe away the traces of tears.
Sixth
White clouds cross the Sangqian River, but I hope my parents’ hotel is flat. Looking back, I studied hard in class, but I have not become famous yet.
For six years, the officialdom has been strict with the Qing Dynasty, and letters from thousands of miles away have promoted long journeys; until the flowers bloom in the bright spring, and the crows in the world comfort private love.
Part 7
I wake up late from a dream in Handan. Although Peng Ying is far away from my thoughts, I am determined to climb Aoding when I leave the mountain. When will I enter Fengchi?
Poetry and wine have not eliminated the habit of famous scholars, and the ministers must be called young; jade chickens, golden horses, ordinary things, they will always be born with good fortune.
Eighth
One shoulder of luggage is chanting again, checking the poems and books, and is ecstatic; the shadow of the sail ripples on the Huaipu moon, and the horseshoe grass is the color of thistle door frost.
My old friend gave me a sword to Wang Xiang, and Nu Jing also held Lu Jia's attire. She felt ashamed that it was not easy to live in Chang'an, and she was tired of reading and teaching.
Nineteen
Li Ge was slowly leaving the banquet, saying goodbye to his relatives and friends. Here he only teaches grinding iron inkstones, and when he comes back he only hopes to plant golden lotuses.
Now that the pavilion is in need of talents, it is the year of my article to serve the country; the sky in the mirror has not changed, and it should not be long after I have been born.
Ten of them
As soon as you enter the capital gate, you will arrive home. The soldiers will go north and the sun will set in the west.
The grudges and grievances in the world are cut off by the dagger, and the warmth and warmth of human relationships are judged by the cage; if there is no day of riding, I swear I will never return to my hometown.
Creative background
In the 23rd year of Daoguang's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1843), Li Hongzhang was 21 years old. He should take the Shuntian Township Examination the next year. When Li Hongzhang entered Beijing, he wrote ten poems "Enter the Capital".
Appreciation
First Song
Hook, the shape of the weapon is curved like a sword. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Wu people were good at casting hooks, so they were named "Wu". The ancients praised this thing every time they praised their achievements on the battlefield. Li Gong was a scholar who wanted to make meritorious deeds on the battlefield, but he felt depressed because of the cession of territory and compensation for the Opium War, which was a humiliation for the country. After Li Gong became an official, he built a navy, promoted foreign affairs, and sought to attract business. Most of his life-long activities were to "take Wu hook" and mediate with outsiders. Also, "Wu Gou", a person with sharp weapons can also be said to be extremely talented. "Bai Chi Lou" uses the Three Kingdoms Chen to discuss matters. Xu Bang tried to pay homage to Chen Deng, but Chen Deng said nothing and "went up to the big bed to lie down" and asked Xu Bang to "get out of bed". Liu Bei said to Xu Si: "Today there is great chaos, and the emperor has lost his place...but the emperor asked for land and asked for a house, and his words were impeccable. This is what Yuanlong (Chen Deng's character) is taboo about." He also said that Chen Deng was "lying in a hundred-foot building." When you are lying on the ground, why are you lying on the bed?" Li Gong cited this matter and said that he entered the capital to seek an official position, not for himself. "The spirit is higher than that of a hundred-foot tower", which means that his ambition to manage the country is better than that of Chen Deng. The sentence "Who has written history in the past ten thousand years" is a question and answer, saying that one can "write history", and the history written is not a century or a thousand years, but a history of ten thousand years! "Three thousand miles away I want to be crowned a marquis" means that one's meritorious service is aimed at conquering foreigners three thousand miles away. "Sui Tuji" refers to the group of Junyi who followed the provincial examination, and "ding must be quick and quick" means that he must be the first to get there. Chasing gulls leisurely, use "Liezi·Huangdi" to play with people and gulls on the sea. He said that he should work hard and have no intention of leisure, so he should not imitate the people at sea. "Lugou Bridge" is in the southwest of Kyoto and is a thoroughfare in Kyoto. The so-called "Lugou Bridge Road" refers to the way Li Gong entered the capital. "Yingzhou" is the legendary fairy mountain. "New Book of Tang: Chu Liang's Biography" records that in order to recruit talents, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty set up a literature museum and ordered eighteen civil servants including Fang Xuanling to be bachelors of the museum. Every day during his spare time, the emperor visited the library to visit political affairs and study classics. He also ordered portraits of scholars, compositions of praises, and titles in the palace. People at the time admired him and called entering the library a "climb to Yingzhou". When I say "someone", I am actually talking about myself, saying that I will definitely receive the honor of being highly admired by the scholars when I enter the capital.
This poem is full of self-confidence and heroic spirit. It has the meaning that I am the only one who can write the history of the late Qing Dynasty. Among the ten poems, this poem is the most praised by the world. The first two couplets tell the whole life of the poet.
It was Li Gong's only "hand" to run the mechanism of the late Qing Dynasty and control the communication between Europe and the United States. The last couplet is a poetic eye, which captures the charm of the poet and has a particularly long meaning. The word "laughing finger" is implicit but not explicit; the word "several people" and so on are confident but not ostentatious.
The second song
A stable is also a manger. "Book of Han·Li Xun Zhuan": "The horse is not in the calendar. It cannot follow the road; the scholar is not qualified and cannot respect the country." This sentence means that he has been at home for many years and has been educated and raised. "Red Earth" is what Taoists call the human world. Those who say "toward the world of mortals" mean that we are now moving towards society. "Juguang" refers to the short time of the human world. It comes from "Zhuangzi Zhibeiyou": "Life between heaven and earth is like the passing of a white horse." In the past twenty years, there have been times of neglect, which is quite meaningful. regret. "The horse is out of the group and has no attachment to the stable, and the Yan's words are old and the base is updated to seek new things." It is said to be "out of the group" and "to be new". One should not be attached to his hometown and should join the world.
The next two links say that after entering the capital, you should make friends with powerful people and visit wise people, so as to improve your skills. "Hu Wei" means that the meaning of the sentence seems to be a question, but in fact it is a very strong negation, saying that I will never be depressed and bound to waste my life.
This poem describes the purpose of entering the capital. It is to stand out from the crowd and to create new ideas. The first thing to enter the capital is to make friends and seek benefits.
The third poem
The way to the capital is to cross the Yellow River and climb Mount Tai. Its momentum is connected to the sky, overlooking the Central Plains and broadening your horizons. It is partly for this reason that he left his hometown and traveled far away. Jin Lu Ji and his younger brother Lu Yun entered Luo from Wu County at the end of Taikang, and created Sikong Zhang Hua. Hua was amazed at the first sight, so he became famous and recommended to all the princes. In the first year of Jiayou's reign in the Song Dynasty, Su Che and his brother Su Shi went to Beijing from Sichuan. After Zhezhong became a Jinshi, there was still a "Book to the Privy Councilor Han Taiwei", in which he wanted to pay a visit to Taiwei to support Haoran. "Enter Luo" and "Laiyou" both mean entering the capital. The poem quotes this, saying that one should do the same when entering the capital. "Thank you" is a sincere greeting. "Hmm" is the sound of reading. The meaning of the sentence seems to express sympathy for those who have no knowledge of the scriptures and are unknown to the world, but in fact it means that they will never go this way again.
This poem begins with the view of the beautiful mountains and rivers on the way to the capital, which broadens your horizons, and then continues with Lu Ji and Su Che's self-motivation, confident that entering the capital will turn Kun into a prosperous one.
The fourth poem
"The past has become dust" means that the past is like smoke; "the body from east to west, north and south" means that one should regard the world as his home. "Book of Rites Tan Gong Shang" contains Confucius' words: "Jinqiu is the people of east, west, south and north." Li Gong said that he should do the same, live for the people, the country, and die for the nation and society. , Ji is not just oneself, but a member of the common people, country, nation, and society. Baixia, another name for Nanjing. Green shirt is worn by students. I feel that in the past, I have been confused for a long time, and I have not been able to achieve it for a long time. I am a scholar in the Chinese style at the age of eighteen. This is the kind of person Li Gong can sigh with regret.
"The poor have destiny", this is Confucianism. Li Gong believed deeply, so there was no need for divination. As for when the rich and the rich will be able to help the poor and the lowly, it is only a matter of days. Those who have been competing for scholarly status for a long time, but "still wear the old Confucian scarf" say that they are still the same as before.
This poem regrets the past. Although there are many unfulfilled sentiments, it is confident that it is destiny.
The fifth poem
"Lice in the crotch" is based on the words of Ruan Ji's "The Master's Biography": "The lice are in the crotch, escaping into deep cracks, hiding in bad lint, and then I think it's a good house. I dare not leave the seam when I walk, I don't dare to move out of my crotch, I think I have got the rope." "But the fire in Qiu burned down the capital, and the lice died in the crotch and could not get out." This place is like a place with lice in your clothes!" This sentence follows the previous poem, saying that in the past, the world was like a place with lice in the clothes, and everyone was destined to live in poverty. "Dragon Gate", "Yi Wen Lei Ju" quoted Xin's "San Qin Ji" as saying that fish leaping over the Dragon Gate, "the one above is the dragon", later because of the imperial examination Chinese style was used to climb the Dragon Gate. The sentence says that I want to take advantage of the Shuntian Provincial Examination in the next year and get rid of the scholar's uniform in one leap. "Many of my peers are obsessed with academic qualifications and have spent their prime years chasing water sources." It means that many of my peers have taken imperial examinations to show off, but they have already passed their prime and are now chasing water sources in order to make a leap.
Seeking this leap is due to "fame", these two words frequently fill Li Gong's heart with enthusiasm. "Having known someone in my lifetime has given me special grace." It seems to mean that I experienced the kindness of knowing someone in the past. If "half life" means the second half of the life, then this sentence is also a confident statement, saying that the next half of the life will be known to the emperor. At this time, Mr. Li was lagging behind others. Why did he say such confident words so often? "桨touch" means feeling. "Wen Ji" means ancestor. "Book of Jin: Biography of Zu Ti" records that Zu Ti and Liu Kunshan slept together. "In the middle of the night, I heard the rooster crow, and Cu Kunjue said: 'This is not an evil sound.' Because it started to dance." The sentence means that the heart has great ambitions, and every time it is touched, it stimulates thoughts and ideas. Those who "remember the autumn wind to wipe away the traces of tears" mean that they have suffered from the pain of failure in the autumn test.
This poem talks about the joys and sorrows of pursuing fame, and the purpose of entering the capital is to pass the provincial examination and reach Longmen.
Song Six
Sanggan River is the name of the water in the suburbs of Kyoto. "Baiyun" refers to Di Renjie. "The Biography of Di Renjie in the Old Book of Tang Dynasty" contains: Di Deng Taihang, "Looking south, he saw white clouds flying alone. He said to his left and right: 'My relatives live under this cloud.' I stood there for a long time, and the clouds moved away." At that time, Li My father-in-law served in Kyoto as a doctor in the Ministry of Punishment and was named as the censor. The sentence says that my parents live in the suburbs of Beijing, and all I can do is wish them peace from afar. Before becoming an official in the imperial examination, Li Gong's father worked as a classroom. At the age of six, Li Gong entered the Dihua Bookstore in his family to receive his father's education. Therefore, the poem has the line "Looking back on the past, I studied diligently in class". "You have not become famous yet if you have betrayed your heart" means that you have betrayed your father's teachings and have not yet become famous.
Mr. Li became a Jinshi in the eighteenth year of Daoguang, that is, the middle of 1838 in the Gregorian calendar. He entered the official career and persisted in his integrity in the official world for six years. "Six years of officialdom" and so on, this is what he said. "Letter from home thousands of miles away promotes long journeys" means that my trip to Beijing was a letter from my father. "Chun Ming Hua Fang" refers to the Chinese imperial examination style; "Crow Bird Love" refers to Li Mi's "Chen Qing Biao". The sentence says that when the Sunchon Township Examination comes, I can comfort my parents and repay my parents for their kindness in nurturing me.
This poem praises the kindness of parents in upbringing and their confidence that they will live up to their expectations.
The seventh song
"Handan Dream" is a reference to the Tang Dynasty novel "The Pillow" written by Shen Jiji. Lu Sheng met the Taoist priest Lu Weng on the way to Handan. He slept on the pillow given by Lu Weng and became rich and prosperous. When he woke up, he realized his dream. The so-called "waking up late" in the poem is usually interpreted as not waking up yet, saying that he is still busy making achievements and making a name for himself. However, the world is like a dream, and Li Gong is an active person in the world, so Li Gong's "waking up late" should be interpreted differently, which means enjoying. Prosperity and wealth last forever. "Peng Ying" refers to Penglai and Yingzhou, the legendary fairy mountain, which is a metaphor for honor and special encounters. "Tie to others' thoughts" means caring about one's own thoughts. "Climbing the top of the mountain" can be interpreted as taking the lead and becoming the number one scholar. It can also be interpreted as standing at the top of the list and entering the Imperial Academy. During the imperial examination, those who passed the imperial examination would stand on the stone on the steps of the palace engraved with a giant turtle to greet the emperor; and the bachelors of the Hanlin Academy would stand on the stone of the steps of the palace engraved with a giant turtle to meet the emperor. "Fengchi" means Phoenix Pool, which is not only a good name for Zhongshu Province, but also a metaphor for the position of prime minister. The sentence says that since you have entered the world, you should aspire to achieve fame, become the top scholar, and enter the Imperial Academy. As for those who enter Zhongshu and ask "when" for help, they are also confident that this will happen one day.
The neck couplet says that the custom of celebrities who like poetry and drink has not changed, so it is used to describe auspiciousness. "Han Shu·Wang Bao Biography" records that "there are gold horses and green roosters in Yizhou, which can be used for sacrifice. Emperor Xuan sent Bao to worship there." It is said that if you are born with such blessings, auspiciousness will come naturally, and I, Li Gongyi, are like this. .
This poem expresses ambition, self-confidence is always helpful, and career is prosperous, soaring to the top.
The eighth poem
"Yin Nang" is also a poem bag, which uses Tang Li to celebrate events. Li Shangyin's "Short Biography of Li Changji" congratulates him for going out, "Heng Xinu has been riding on a donkey since he was a child, carrying a broken bag of ancient brocade. When he finds something, he throws the book into the bag." When he entered the capital, he had a load of luggage and a collection of poems and manuscripts. I packed my bag and checked the books I needed to bring. Thinking about going to Beijing, I couldn't be more excited. The journey lasted day and night, riding a boat on the Huaihe River on a moonlit night, and riding a horse on Jiqiu outside Deshengmen in Beijing in the frosty morning. For my trip, I received gifts from my old friends and arranged for my wife to dress up. What I feel ashamed of is that prices in Kyoto are high and I have to rely on my parents for my livelihood. "It's not easy to live in Chang'an" uses Tang Bai to say "it's not easy to live in Chang'an". Xin Wenfang's "Biography of Bai Juyi" said that Bai Juyi visited the country and paid a visit to Gu Kuang. Gu said: "Everything in Chang'an is expensive, and it is not easy to live there." "Index finger" refers to home livelihood.
What needs to be specifically discussed in this poem is the flaw in the usage of the neck couplet. "Chunrenmai" is the story of Chunren, Fan of the Song Dynasty. Fan was ordered by his father Fan Zhongyan to transport wheat from Suzhou to Danyang by boat. When he met his old friend Shi Manqing, who was in mourning, he returned home with his coffin. He had no money on the way, so he sent the whole boat to him. A copy of "Chunrenmai" is called "Wang Xiangjian", and "Wang Xiangjian" is Lu Qianshi of Jin Dynasty. According to "Jin Shu Wang Xiang Biography" and other records, Lu Qian, the governor, had a sword, and he thought that he would be able to ascend to the Three Lords, so he could wear this sword. Lu said, "If you don't belong to him, the sword may cause harm", so he gave it to Wang Xiang, who was a farewell driver at the time. Wang Peizhi has consequences for the Three Dukes. It may be difficult for Li Gong to choose between these two canons, so there are different texts. The wheat and sword mentioned in these two incidents refer to gifts from old friends. Although it is not unreasonable, Chunren wheat was given to the bereaved. Li Gong came to Beijing to take the exam and meet his parents. Can Hu accept this unlucky thing? Wang Xiangjian's "*** gift" is also very different.
"Jing Fu" is a modest name for one's own wife. "Lu Jia Zhuang" means Han Lu Jia Shi. "Historical Records & S226; Biography of Lu Jia" says that Lu Jia stayed home due to illness, and the proceeds from selling his envoys to Yue were filled with thousands of gold coins to share with his sons for the livelihood of his descendants. The meaning of the sentence is intended to be used to refer to the property that the parents gave oneself a house, but there is something obviously wrong with it: Li Gong's father was still ill at that time. Moreover, Lu Jia's home is to avoid Lu, so if it involves government affairs, shouldn't it be a big taboo?
This poem talks about packing your bags and seeing off your relatives and friends. You feel ashamed that you still need support from your parents to make a living in the capital.
No. 9
"Li Song", a farewell song. There is a poem "Liju" in "The Book of Songs", which was written for farewell and is considered as a classic. "Slowly" refers to the situation of Yiyi. It’s hard to part ways with relatives and friends at a farewell feast. "Grinding iron inkstone" was used by Sangwei Han of the Five Dynasties. According to the original biography of "New History of the Five Dynasties", the chief minister disliked the homophony of "mulberry" and "mourning" and persuaded mulberry not to be a Jinshi. Sang Nai showed his cast iron inkstone to others, saying, "If the inkstone is bad, then he will change it and become an official." He died as a Jinshi. "Withdrawing the Golden Lotus" was used by Linghu Qi of the Tang Dynasty and Su Shi of the Song Dynasty. According to the original biography of the two men, both Zhou and Shi had a banquet at night. The Emperor of the Tang Dynasty sent Zhui back with a golden lotus torch; Han's ambition is to become a Jinshi; if he follows the example of Hu Qi and Su Shi, he will be sent off by the emperor with golden lotus torches and golden lotus candles when he returns to his hometown. Pavilion, also known as Hanlin Academy. Now that there is a shortage of people here, it is the time when I can do my best to serve the country with my articles. "Lan" means to gather together; "Cang Cang" means deep black; "Yuo Zhi" means trapped. As the saying goes, being young and fashionable will not last long.
This poem expresses farewell, expresses wishes, and makes an oath. I am confident that I will serve the country with my articles.
No. 10
Parents live in Beijing, and they can visit them when they enter the capital, so it is said that they "arrive at home". "The levy is heading north and the sun is setting in the west", which means that we have entered the capital from Anhui and it is afternoon. "Huai Hall", Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Bi Tan."
"Story 1" says: "In the third hall of the Bachelor's Academy... there is a giant locust tree, with the original name Huai Hall. According to the old legend, many people who live here have become prime ministers." "Ming Jing", Gongsheng. "Foolish attachment" is a self-effacing statement. "Guiyuan", imperial examination room. The sentence says that one has entered the examination with excellent tribute, a Chinese-style banquet, and won the title of laurel.
"Dagger", dagger and the like. Grudges in the world can be wiped away with a smile, so why use a dagger? Therefore, "harvest" and "cage yarn" are used to broadcast stories. According to Volume 7 of Tang Zhayan written by King Dingbao of the Five Dynasties, King Bo of the Tang Dynasty, a young man who was lonely and poor, visited Yangzhou temples and ate with monks. The monks were disgusted with it and often struck the bell after meals. When Wang Bo heard the bell and went there, dinner was finished. In the second century, Wang Bo came out of Yangzhou with his important position and saw that the works inscribed on the walls of the temple in the past were all covered by green gauze. It is said that the world's hot and cold conditions can be known by Wang Bo. "Four horses and high carriages" belong to the wealthy. When Sima Xiangru of the Han Dynasty first went to Chang'an, he wrote on the bridge pillar and said: "If you don't ride on a horse and a high carriage, you will never cross this bridge again." The last couplet said that he came to the capital this time and vowed to have a prominent official career, otherwise he would never return to his hometown and Wan'er.
This poem focuses on the oath, which is inspired by "the warmth and warmth of human feelings".