Ancient imperial examination knowledge Ming Jing was one of the subjects in the imperial examination system of the Tang Dynasty. There are titles such as the Five Classics, the Three Classics, the Second Classic, the First Classic of Learning, the Three Rites, the Three Biography, and the History. It mainly tests the memorization of the meaning of the classics. The examination method is to first copy the scriptures, and then take an oral test on ten major meanings of the classics. In the second year of Jianzhong, the answer content was prescribed and recorded on paper called "Moyi". Three items of current affairs and policies were also answered, and the results were listed. A, B, C, D, etc. In the Song Dynasty, the examination of Jinshi was conducted based on the theory of classics and meanings, and in the Ming Dynasty, the classics department was abolished. In the Qing Dynasty, Ming Jing was used as another name for Gongshi. Mingfa was one of the subjects in the imperial examination system of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Examine candidates’ legal knowledge. In the Tang Dynasty, there were seven laws and regulations and three orders in the Ming Dynasty. The whole test was classified as A and the eighth was B. In the Song Dynasty, there were forty laws and regulations and fifty chapters in both Mo Yi and Jing. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was only one Jinshi subject. Law and other subjects are abolished. Mingzi One of the subjects in the imperial examination system of the Tang Dynasty. Mainly tests primary school, literature knowledge and ability. Take the 20 items of "Shuowen Jiezi" and "Font Style" and pass the test if you pass 18 items. Mingsuan is one of the subjects in the imperial examination system of the Tang Dynasty. Test "Nine Chapters", "Zhang Qiujian", "Xia Houyang", "Zhou Bi", and "Five Classics Suan" each. Those who pass ten and six will be qualified; A score of nine out of ten is considered a passing grade. He also tried seven items of "Zhushu" and three items of "Ancient Collection", and passed six out of ten. Tie Jing is also called Tie Kuo. A main method of imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty. The classics subjects of "Ming Jing", "Jin Shi", "Ming Fa", "Ming Zi" and "Ming Suan" are mostly tested by the method of copying the scriptures. "Literature Comprehensive Examination and Selection 2": "In the method of holding a class examination, those who post scriptures should use the scriptures they have studied, cover both ends, leave only one line in the middle, and cut the paper as a post." That is, the examiner can choose any scriptures. The middle page covers the left and right sides, with only one line in the middle. Cut another piece of paper to make a sticker, and cover the numbers on the sticker. Ask the subject to write and read. Those who write and read the correct words on the sticker are qualified. Tongzike is a special examination subject in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Children under the age of ten who have mastered Yi Jing, "The Classic of Filial Piety" and "The Analects of Confucius" in the Tang Dynasty can take this exam. Those who can memorize ten volumes can be awarded officials, and those who can memorize seven can be given a birth certificate. In the Song Dynasty, those under the age of fifteen who could read the classics and compose poems and poems would be given a birth certificate and official title after taking the examination. Martial Arts Subjects in the imperial examination system designed specifically for the selection of military attachés. In the second year of Chang'an (702) of Tang Dynasty, Wu Zetian established the martial arts examination, which was the beginning of martial arts. It is presided over by a member of the Ministry of War, Wai Lang, and is divided into two subjects: level shooting and martial arts. Among them, you need to test infantry shooting, carbine shooting, horse shooting, weight-bearing, etc., as well as your language and body. The Song Dynasty also had martial arts competitions and martial arts selections. Before the Ming Dynasty, martial arts examinations were held irregularly. In the 14th year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1487), the rural examinations and joint examinations for martial arts examinations were established. The martial arts examination is held once every six years. Strategy first, then bow and horse. Later, the test was changed to every three years. In the fourth year of Chongzhen (1631), the imperial martial arts examination was held. During the Qing Dynasty, the martial arts examinations were administered by academics and administration, and were divided into internal and external fields. The outer court tests horses, foot shooting, bows, knives, and stones; the inner court tests the "Martial Arts", and you must have Chinese style in the outer court before you can enter the inner court. It was abolished in the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (1901). The name of the poetry style of the test post poem is also called "Fu Deti". In the early Tang Dynasty, examinations focused on policy questions. In the first year of Kaiyao (681), two essays were added to the examination, and those who were proficient in the text and law would then test policy. The so-called essay refers to a poem and a poem. The poems that are subject to the examination are called Shitie poems, which are based on ancient poems or idioms and are titled with the word "Fu De". Its genre is neither regular nor absolute, either five words, seven words, six rhymes, or eight rhymes. The first two sentences are related to the title, the middle eight or twelve sentences are opposite each other, and the last two sentences are the conclusion. From Xining in the Song Dynasty until the Ming Dynasty, poetry and prose were not tested in the examination room. There were still "test poems" in the imperial examinations in the Qing Dynasty, and the format of the poems was particularly restrictive. Mi Feng In the imperial examination, in order to prevent fraud, the examinee's name was written on the examination paper, and the Mi Feng officer turned it over and folded it, stapled the name with paper, and stamped it with a seal (seal), which was called Mi Feng. This system began when Wu Zetian was in the Tang Dynasty. "Empress Wu thought that there were too many officials in the selection, so she ordered the examiners to obscure their names, conduct secret tests to determine their names, etc." During the Jingde reign of Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, the method of sealing became custom-made. It was still used until the imperial examination was abolished in the late Qing Dynasty. The examination papers of the rural examinations and the general examinations all adopt the sealing system, and are compiled into "red numbers" using the "Thousand Character Classic". There are also transcriptions of the examination papers (Jimo scrolls) written with a red pen, called "Zhu Juan", which are sent to the examiner for review, and the winner is chosen. According to the "red number" of the ink scroll, the ink scroll is picked up, the roll is opened, the roll is called, and the list is written. Transcription: The ink scrolls for the Imperial Examination, Provincial Examination, and General Examination must be transcribed with a red pen. In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu reign of Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty (1015), the Transcript Academy was established, and the examination papers of the candidates for the provincial examination and the general examination were handed over to the Mi Feng official for sealing. During the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty, in order to prevent handwriting defects, it was further stipulated that the examination papers should be transcribed with a red pen, and the transcripts should be submitted to the examiner for review. Made through the ages. In the Qing Dynasty, those who served as copywriters in agencies such as the Fanglue Museum were also called scribes, and they were elected by those who failed in the general examination. Jingyi is one of the literary styles used in imperial examinations. Since the Song Dynasty, Confucian classics and sentences have been used as topics to ask candidates to discuss their meanings, so it is called Jingyi. When discussing the meaning of classics in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they must follow Zhu Xi's "Collected Commentary on the Four Books" and have a certain format, forming the eight-legged prose style. Mo Yi A method of imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty. In addition to the oral examination of classics in the Ming Dynasty, starting from the second year of Jianzhong (781) of Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty, it was stipulated that the contents of the answers should be recorded on paper, and "the meaning should be written directly without resorting to classical Chinese", which was called "Moyi". Mo Yi's method is just that the examiner asks very simple questions, and the candidates answer them in writing. There is no need to think too much and only need to read the original text thoroughly. Cewen was a method of imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty. It is higher and more important than Tie Jing and Mo Yi. The passing or failure of each subject is entirely determined by the quality of the final policy question. Scholars must take five exams on strategy, Ming Jing must take three exams, Jinshi must take five exams, and Kaiyuan Rites, Three Chuan, and History must take three exams.
In the early Tang Dynasty, the style of answering policies was mostly parallel prose, and later gradually used prose. Before taking the exam, ordinary scholars often compiled and read past policy papers, but did not pay attention to ancient classics. Translation is one of the specific examination subjects in the Qing Dynasty. The test takers were flag members of the Eight Banners of the Manchu, Mongolian and Han armies. Those who translated Manchu into Chinese and wrote essays in Manchu were Manchu translators and first tried horse and foot shooting before the test. Those who translate from Mongolian to Manchu will be Mongolian translators (no technical exams before the exam). No Chinese test. Generally, there is one rural examination and two general examinations. There have never been many applicants for the Translation Department. Although the exam is nominally held every three years, it is sometimes not held due to insufficient numbers. When it started in Shunzhi, only translators were admitted. During the reign of Yongzheng, the imperial examinations began to be conducted, and during the reign of Qianlong, candidates who passed the Chinese-style examination and then the re-examination were designated as Jinshi, and were appointed to serve as chiefs of the six departments. In Mongolia, they were appointed to the vassal academy. In the last years of Daoguang's reign, those who excelled in the re-examination began to be used as concubines in the Hanlin Academy, but only one or two were awarded, and there was no case of distinction in the imperial examination. Shengyuan, Juren and Jinshi are all added with the word "translation" to distinguish them from general liberal arts. Xiaolian Fangzheng Branch is one of the special manufacturing departments in the Qing Dynasty. It was named after the original subjects of filial piety, integrity and virtuousness and integrity in the Han Dynasty. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), the imperial guards in every province, prefecture, and county were ordered to promote filial piety, integrity, and uprightness, and were given six-grade uniforms for future use. When the emperor comes to the throne in the future, he will be recommended once. In the fifth year of Qianlong's reign (1740), after a recommendation, he went to the Ministry of Rites for examination and was awarded the title of county magistrate and other officials. Special economic subject was a special subject set up in the late Qing Dynasty to select personnel with "knowledge of Chinese and foreign affairs". During the Reform Movement of 1898, Guizhou Academic Affairs Yan Xiu asked for its establishment, but it was not implemented due to the coup. In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (1901), an order was issued to recommend candidates from internal and external ministers. Held in the 29th year, the examination included nine first-class candidates and eighteen second-class candidates, with slight bonuses.
Adopt it