How to understand ancient poetry?

The prerequisite for appreciation of ancient poetry is to understand the poetry. For the proposition writer, how to guide the candidates to understand first and then appreciate the proposition, the orientation of the proposition is crucial. For candidates, it is extremely important to be able to fully understand and deeply understand the content and techniques of the work, and to be able to read poetry. Therefore, we must reverse the tendency of lightly reading poems and redoing questions. We should calm down, chew on them repeatedly, and pay attention to the content conveyed to us by the ancient poems themselves, so as to interpret the ancient poems.

In the examination room, what does it mean to understand a poem? The first is to understand the surface meaning: be able to translate the main idea and grasp the basic content such as time, place, people, events, scenery, etc. The second is to understand the deep meaning, that is, to be able to see what artistic conception (image, atmosphere) is written and what emotion is expressed (emotion, state of mind), what thoughts (attitudes, opinions) are reflected, etc.

1. Title entry

The title is the key to interpreting the content and form of the poem. Because the title is the eye of the poem, it is the carrier of rich information such as the content and form of the poem. Some titles summarize the important content of the work, some reveal the clues of the work, some set the emotional tone of the work, and some reveal the meaning of writing. Time, place, object, event, theme, etc., some explain the theme and genre of the poem. Starting from the title, we need to grasp this rich information.

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2. Read the text carefully

The text of the poem is the core of reading and the key to understanding the poem. This link is based on daily accumulation and literacy. However, the following two points are still critical in the method:

(1) Understand the basic characteristics and composition structure of ancient poetry

The ancients said: There is no other reason for writing poetry, only the words "love" and "scenery". The same goes for when we read and appreciate poems. As long as we grasp the "emotion" and "scenery", we have grasped the "nose". Under normal circumstances, the basic structure of old-style poems and lyrics is to describe the scenery first and then express emotions. For modern poetry, the first and second sentences of the quatrain, the first and second couplets of the rhymed poem, and the upper part of the word are the scene description part; the third and fourth sentences of the quatrain (especially the last sentence), the third and fourth couplets of the rhymed poem (Especially the last couplet), the second part of the word is the lyrical part. As for the words, special emphasis is placed on the transition between the upper and lower pieces (passing pieces). Of course, there are also a few poems that are lyrical first and then describe the scenery.

When combining scenes, we should not only pay attention to their order, but also pay attention to the relationship between emotion and scene:

①The content before and after (i.e., description of scene and lyricism) are consistent, such as music scene Joy, sadness and sadness.

②The preceding and following content (i.e., scene description and lyricism) are related, opposite, and contrasting, forming a contrasting relationship between virtuality and reality, such as happy scenery contrasting with sadness, bright scenery contrasting with dark emotions, etc.

2. The compositional structure (modern poetry): beginning, succession, transition and combination

The writing idea of ??modern poetry is generally: beginning, succession, transition and conjunction. By understanding this characteristic, you can understand the hierarchy and general content of the poem, and you can even help with some test questions.

"Starting, Succession, Turning and Combination" is the structural method followed by the ancients when writing poems and lyrics. "Qi" is the beginning of the poem, "Cheng" is the continuation and expansion of the "Qi" sentence, "Zhuan" is the poetic transition, and "He" is the conclusion of the whole poem.