What I like most is that my children have died, lying down at the head of the stream and peeling off lotus pods. ——Xin Qiji, Song Dynasty, "Qingpingle·Village Dwelling" What I love most is that a child dies, lying down at the head of the stream peeling lotus pods.
From "Qing Ping Le Village Dwelling" written by Xin Qiji of the Song Dynasty, 300 Song lyrics, ancient poems for elementary schools, ancient poems for middle schools, yearning, rural life translation and annotations
Translation
The eaves of the thatched cottage are low and small, and the stream is covered with green grass.
The drunken Wudi dialect sounds gentle and beautiful. Whose family does that old man with white hair belong to?
The eldest son is weeding in the bean field east of the stream, and the second son is busy weaving chicken coops.
The most beloved one is the youngest son, who is lying in the grass at the head of the stream, peeling off the newly picked lotus pods. Appreciation
In this poem, the author reflects his subjective feelings through the description of the rural scene, and is not just making a purely objective sketch.
The author's poem is based on the life silhouettes of some non-working members in a non-working environment in the countryside, reflecting the vibrant and interesting side of the countryside in spring. The first and second sentences in the film are what the author sees from a slightly distant perspective. "Thatched eaves are low and small", Deng's "Notes" quoted Du Fu's "Quaeju Manxing": "It is well known that thatched houses are extremely low and small, and the swallows on the river often come and go." This describes that the living conditions in rural areas were not very good at that time in the Southern Song Dynasty. If you don't get close to the low eaves, you won't be able to see the activities of this family or hear the voices of people talking. The second sentence points out that the hut is not far from the creek, and the grass on the creek has turned green. It actually uses the semantics of "spring grass grows in the pond" in Xie Lingyun's "Climbing the Pond and Going Up the Floor" to show that spring has arrived in the countryside, with unlimited vitality and it is the busy farming season. The author was slightly drunk and walked meanderingly. When he approached the eaves of the village house, he heard a conversation in Wu accent, which made him feel friendly and sweet (the so-called "love each other"), and then he discovered that the adults of this family Everyone has gone to work in the fields. Only an old couple stayed at home and talked about their daily life. So I used a rhetorical question: "Whose old man is this?" and then turned to the description of other young people in the family. In this way, the subjective and objective levels are relatively clear, which is more reasonable than referring to Weng Lao as the subject of "drunk".
The second part shows the eldest son hoeing beans and the middle son weaving chicken coops. They are all about informal labor members doing some sideline work. This shows that the vast majority of people in rural areas are not just idlers waiting for food and getting something for nothing. Even underage children have to do some work within their ability. You can imagine the hard work of adults. The word "lying" is indeed the most wonderful use. It brings out the innocence, liveliness and naughty energy of a child lying by the stream peeling lotus pods to eat, vividly on the page, thus making the characters vivid and the artistic conception thought-provoking. It shows that only the elderly and the youngest children who have no labor force can enjoy themselves leisurely. This is actually derived from the description in "Zhuangzi: Horse Shoe Pian" of "holding food while Xi (playing), bulging belly and swimming", but it is more vivid, more subtle and more visual than "Zhuangzi". In particular, the author uses a contrasting technique to reflect a quiet and leisurely aspect of rural life, but leaves a lot of room for the reader's imagination. This is exactly the same idea as the ending of the author's song "Partridge Sky", which is called "The peach trees in the city are worried about the wind and rain, and the spring is in the shepherd's purse flowers at Xitou". From the perspective of artistic effect, it has the same purpose but the same purpose.
Creation background: This poem was written while Xin Qiji was leisurely living in Daihu. Because Xin Qiji always adhered to the political idea of ??being patriotic and resisting Jin Dynasty, he was always rejected and attacked by the capitulationists in power. Since the age of forty-three, he has been without appointment for a long time. The disillusionment of his ideals made him pay more attention to rural life in seclusion and wrote a large number of leisurely and pastoral poems. This song "Qingpingle Village Residence" is one of them. Appreciation
Many of Xin Qiji's poems are excellent works describing rural life, including landscape paintings and rural custom paintings. This song "Qing Ping Le·Village Residence" is a vivid and colorful rural custom painting.
Liu Xizai said, "Ci poetry must be fresh" and "Dan language must be flavorful" ("Yi Gai·Ci Ming Gui"). The author's work has the characteristics of "fresh Dan language" and poetic charm. It is manifested in three aspects: description technique, structure and conception.
In terms of descriptive techniques, not a single sentence of this poem uses thick and colorful ink. It only uses pure line drawing to describe the environment and life of a family of five in the countryside. The author is able to describe the different faces and moods of the young and old family in a lifelike and vivid way, with a strong flavor of life. It would be difficult to achieve such an artistic conception without a generous hand.
The first two sentences above describe a family of five with a small thatched house and a clear and clear stream next to the house. The stream is covered with green grass. Here, the author only used two light strokes to outline a fresh and beautiful environment composed of thatched huts, streams, and grass. It is not difficult to see that these two sentences in the whole poem also have the mission of pointing out the environment and location.
Three or four sentences describe a leisurely scene of a pair of white-haired young ladies sitting together affectionately, drinking and chatting. Although these sentences are written very plainly, However, it vividly reproduces the happy life of a harmonious, warm and comfortable elderly couple, where a pair of white-haired young ladies, drunkenly and drunkenly, "favor" each other and become intimate.
This is the wonder of the ordinary. Of course, this is not limited to the life of this married couple. It summarizes the common life pleasures of elderly couples in rural areas and has a certain typical significance. "Wu Yin" refers to the local dialect of Wu. When the author wrote this poem, he was in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, which belonged to the State of Wu during the Spring and Autumn Period. "媪" is a nickname for elderly women.
The following four sentences use the line drawing technique to describe the story directly, and comprehensively describe the different images of the three sons. The eldest son is the main labor force in the family and is responsible for hoeing the bean fields in Xidong. The second son is still young and can only work as a shop assistant, so he weaves chicken coops at home. The third son didn't know much about the world, he only knew how to play naughtyly. You can tell by looking at his expression as he lay by the stream peeling lotus pods to eat. Although these sentences are extremely easy to understand, they portray a distinct character and an intriguing artistic conception. Especially the innocent and lively expression of a child peeling off lotus pods and eating them without restraint is full of interest and lifelike. It can be said to be a stroke of genius, unique in ancient and modern times! "Rogue" means naughty. It is a term of endearment and has no derogatory meaning. The word "lying" is used wonderfully. It brings out the child's innocence, liveliness and naughty energy vividly on the page. The so-called "one word is worth a thousand pieces of gold" means that if you use one word just right, it will be better than sitting, lying, lying down, etc., and it will add more luster to the whole sentence or word. The word "lying" here is exactly like this.
In terms of artistic structure, the whole poem closely surrounds the creek, arranging the picture and unfolding the activities of the characters. Judging from the artistic conception of the word, the eaves are close to the stream. In addition, the four sentences "Green grass on the stream", "The older children hoe beans to the east of the stream", and "The most fond of children are scoundrels, lying at the head of the stream peeling off lotus pods", use three characters for "stream" in succession, making the layout of the picture compact. Therefore, the use of the word "brook" plays a key role in the structure of the whole word.
In terms of scenery description, thatched eaves, creeks, and green grass are originally common things in the countryside. However, the author combined them into one picture, which makes them look particularly fresh and beautiful. In terms of writing about people, the old lady is drinking and chatting, the eldest child is weeding, the middle child is weaving a chicken coop, and the younger child is lying down peeling lotus pods. Through such a simple plot arrangement, a vibrant, peaceful, simple and comfortable rural life is truly reflected. It gives people a poetic, fresh and pleasing feeling. This kind of design is ingenious and novel, and the colors are harmonious and vivid, leaving an unforgettable impression on people.
From the author's description of the fresh, beautiful, simple, elegant and quiet environment in the countryside, and the portrayal of the image of Weng Yu and her three sons, it shows that the poet loves the peaceful and quiet life in the countryside. Xin Qiji (1140-1207), a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. His original name was Tanfu, changed to You'an, and his nickname was Jiaxuan. He was Han nationality and a native of Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). When he was born, the Central Plains was occupied by the Jin soldiers. At the age of 21, he joined the anti-Jin rebel army and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. He has successively served as the pacifier of Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, and eastern Zhejiang. He devoted his life to resisting gold. He once published "Ten Comments on Meiqin" and "Nine Discussions" to lay out strategies for war and defense. His poems express the patriotic enthusiasm of trying to restore the country's unity, express his grief and indignation about the unrealistic ambitions, and condemn the humiliation of the then rulers for peace; there are also many works that sing about the mountains and rivers of the motherland. The subject matter is broad and he is good at using allusions from previous generations into the lyrics. The style is majestic and heroic yet not lacking in delicacy and tenderness. Because Xin Qiji's anti-golden ideas were inconsistent with the political views of the peace faction in power, he was later impeached and dismissed from office, and retired to Daihu, Jiangxi.
Xin Qiji The children ran in a hurry to chase the yellow butterfly, which flew into the cauliflower and was nowhere to be found. Calling children in the middle of the night and plowing at dawn, the oxen are unable to move and are walking hard. The leaves of the orchid are worn by boys. The little boy held a small boat and secretly picked white lotus flowers. Together with Tian's family, children's innocence blossoms. The rich fortune and old friends' letters are cut off, and the childish look of constant hunger is desolate. The father plows the mulberry field, and the shepherd boy follows him with the hoe. For ten years of planting wood and one year of grain cultivation, children will be paid. Riding an ox far away from Qiancun, the sound of piccolo playing can be heard across the long distance. Wild boys help the drunken dance, and mountain birds help the singing. The child's golden basin sheds the ice at dawn, and the colorful silk threads are used as silver zhengs. The eldest son is hoeing beans to the east of the stream, while the middle son is weaving a chicken coop. After the rain, the stream flows across the embankment and is flat, watching the village boy Xie Wanqing. The flowers in the garden are misty and the water is cool, and a child cries out the oriole on the tree. Matsushita asked the boy, saying that the teacher was going to collect medicine.