The characteristics of plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum are: pride, quietness, firmness and lightness.
Mei Lanzhuju's poetic sentiment towards Mei Lanzhuju is based on the profound national cultural spirit. Meilan Bamboo House, which occupies the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter, is regarded as "four gentlemen" by China literati, which shows the literati's understanding of time order and the meaning of life. Mei is arrogant, orchid is ethereal, bamboo is modest, and Ju Leng Yan is chaste. China people put their own chess pieces in a flower, a grass, a stone and a piece of wood.
Generally speaking, the "realm" of life and art is to sublimate the limited inner spiritual character into eternal and infinite beauty. Plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum have become the symbols of China people's sense of things and concrete wishes, and they are also the most common themes in poems about things and literati paintings, which are rooted in their yearning for this aesthetic personality realm.
* * * The same feature is self-improvement. Tsinghua stays at home, not flattering.
Chinese plum
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Latin scientific name: Mei
Named after apricot
English name: Mumeplant Japanese
Alias: Chun Mei, prune, red and green plum, red plum, green plum, etc.
Rosaceae, Prunus.
There are few poems dedicated to one thing with a hundred poems, but most of them are dedicated to plum blossoms. Plum blossom is a kind of self-sufficiency in loneliness, a kind of detachment of "cold ling blooms alone" In spring, it disdains to compete with ordinary peaches and plums, but it stands proudly when it is freezing and the trees can't help but be cold, and bloom in the heavy snow.
From this character of plum blossom, China poets see their ideal personality model, which is a kind of loneliness and self-worship. Therefore, poets often use "Qing Yi" to express the charm of plum blossom, such as Lin Hejing's famous sentence "Mei Wife Crane" in Song Dynasty: "The shadow is oblique, the water is clear and shallow, and the fragrance floats on the moon and dusk". "Qing Yi" is not only the character of ancient hermits.
Plum blossom is famous for its charm, which symbolizes seclusion, indifference and self-restraint. The temperament and charming and extraordinary image of "a strategically located building is unique" make the poet look forward to meeting the plum blossom with infinite admiration and passionate imagination: "A noble scholar lies in the snowy mountain, and a beautiful woman comes under the moonlight forest."
orchid
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Scientific name: orchid
British name: Orchid
Alias: bluegrass
Branch name: Ranko
An empty valley gives birth to orchids, and the most fascinating thing about orchids is "seclusion." Because it grows in the deep mountains and valleys, it can wash away that beautiful and fragrant posture and maintain its natural beauty with a simple and plain fragrance. This kind of "seclusion", which is not indifferent to anyone, is not only a kind of nymphs hermit's temperament, but also a kind of cultural universality, a gentleman's demeanor of "people don't know what to do" and an ungainly one. It symbolizes the quality of alienating, staying away from dirty politics and maintaining one's good personality. Orchids never flatter others, and they don't want to be transplanted to bustling cities. Once they leave the quiet pure land, they will inevitably be defiled by dirt. Therefore, orchids are only suitable to bloom in secluded places and in the ideal realm of poets.
At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zheng Sixiao, a poet of the Song Dynasty, lived in seclusion in Wuzhong (now Suzhou). In order to show that he has not forgotten his old country, he sits and lies facing south. He often painted "Lougenlan", with pure pen and ink, sparse branches and leaves, and no soil for gardening orchids, implying that great rivers and mountains were trampled by foreigners, showing his integrity of not wanting to live on the land of the Yuan Dynasty and not colluding with the rulers. Only a few strokes, but he shed blood and tears. Tears and spring ink write Li Sao. "So the poet Ailan sings and paints orchids, shows his personality through orchids, and agrees with his own spiritual character in the chastity and beauty of orchids.
The bright moon is like frost and the breeze is like water. In the cool lounge, the bamboos are humming in sequence, tall and straight, green and dripping, dancing and lovely. They not only have the iron bone of Meiling's cold and proud snow, but also have the color of noble and clean blue. With their personality of "strength", "emptiness" and "desolation", the poet fully savors his gentleman style in them. Its emptiness represents a humble heart, and its simplicity represents the poet's transcendence and refinement.
A kind of bamboo
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To annotate ...
Bamboo (bamboo)
Zhu
(1) (Pictographic, small seal script, like a bamboo stem with drooping leaves. "Bamboo" is the radical of Chinese characters. The characters in Bamboo are mostly musical instruments, bamboo utensils and things that record characters. Original meaning: bamboo)
(2) ㄓㄨˊ
(3) Evergreen perennial plants produce bamboo shoots in spring and summer with different years. The stems are knotty, hollow in the middle, hard in texture and various in variety. It is a strong plant, known as a gentleman, and it only blooms once in its life. Can be used as utensils and building materials: ~. ~ yeah. ~ bamboo shoots.
The poet was deeply moved by the rustling of bamboo in the breeze and the elegant shadow under the jathyapple, and was guided by the green character of bamboo in the gale and frost. Therefore, most China literati houses are planted with bamboo. Prince Phthalein said, "Not a day goes by without this gentleman!" Su Dongpo said: "Eating without meat is better than living without bamboo. Without meat, people are thin, without bamboo, people are vulgar. People are thin and fat, and ordinary people have no medicine to save. " Simple and straightforward language shows that the long-standing cultural spirit has penetrated into the bone marrow of literati.
chrysanthemum
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English name: flos chrysanthemum
Alias: Chrysanthemum, Autumn Chrysanthemum, Jiuhua, Yellow Flower, Queen Flower, Laughing Gold and Festival Flower. Because it blooms in late autumn and has a strong fragrance, it is called "Late Brilliant" and "Leng Xiang".
The floorboard of all flower varieties in Compositae. A genus of perennial herbs with oval leaves and stems, serrated or serrated edges, and flowers in autumn. Due to artificial cultivation, many varieties have been added, and the color, shape and size have changed greatly. Some varieties can be used as medicine.
The total number is the largest, with more than 23,000 species, second only to orchids in the world.
If it is said that Dong Mei's resistance to frost and snow is a martyr's unyielding personality, and Chunlan is at home in the empty valley, which is an independent feeling of Gao Shi, then Qiu Ju's wealth has both the characteristics of a martyr and the characteristics of Gao Shi. In late autumn, under the setting sun, clusters of yellow bows are proudly open, not afraid of severe frost or loneliness, regardless of its origin.
For more than 2,000 years, the two personality spirits of Confucianism and Taoism have been influencing China's scholar-officials. Most of them have the idea that "if they are poor, they will be immune to it, while if they are up to it, they will help the world". Although the world is difficult, literati also have the desire to retire, but their optimistic attitude and cheerful and enterprising temperament always make them refuse to give up their lofty goals. Chrysanthemum can best reflect this humanistic character. Poets who chant chrysanthemums can be traced back to the Warring States Period. However, after Tao Yuanming recited chrysanthemum affectionately in Jin Dynasty, chrysanthemum appeared in poetry and painting as a symbol of dual personality of literati for thousands of years. That kind of rushing and quiet evacuation temperament is exactly in line with the spiritual peace that the poet gained after experiencing depression and hesitation. Therefore, appreciating chrysanthemums has become a spiritual proof that a gentleman enjoys himself and cultivates both Confucianism and Taoism.
Poems praising Mei Lan and Zhu Ju.
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There are several plums in the corner, and cold ling bloom alone. It's not snow from a distance, because it has a faint fragrance. -Wang Anshi's Plum Blossom
Lonely orchids live in secluded gardens, grass grows and warblers fly. Although it shines in the sun, it is sad for the high autumn moon. First frost is early, and the green flowers dare not rest. If there is no breeze, who will deliver the incense? -Li Bai's ancient style.
The stems are quiet and beautiful, and the evening smoke is green. The sound breaks the cold window dream, and the roots wear the moss line. Gradually, when the cage is the threshold day, I want to get eight curtain clouds. If you are not a guest of Yin Shan, who loves this gentleman? -Du Mu's On Hsinchu
On September 8th, Qiu Lai, I will kill the blooming flowers. Tianxiang will penetrate Chang 'an, and the city will be full of golden flowers. -Huang Chao's Singing Chrysanthemum