The mountain village under Gaoligong Mountain. Photo by Ai Huaisen
"Gaoligong Mountain, that green pure land, how many times have white clouds stopped in the sky, watching you never leave." The folk songs sung on both sides of the Gaoligong Mountain Range record the touching story of this beautiful land.
It is connected to Indochina Peninsula in the south and Gaoligong Mountain in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the north. The mountains are long and the complete vertical ecosystem makes life here colorful. The book Biodiversity in China, compiled by the Biodiversity Committee of China Academy of Sciences, lists Gaoligong Mountain as a "key area of terrestrial biodiversity with international significance".
"It is said that this is the museum of life." Sharla Cheung, a Dulong Ranger in Gaoligong Mountain, mentioned that Gaoligong Mountain is always full of feelings. "I can climb this mountain all my life, and it is enough to protect this mountain." Generations of Gaoligong Mountain have protected Gaoligong Mountain and made it the cradle of life.
Find out the family background, rescue and protect.
Linjiapu, Tengchong section of Gaoligongshan Mountain, is covered with trees and scattered with rhododendron seedlings just planted this year.
"We have been looking for this big tree Rhododendron for more than 70 years," said Duan, deputy director of Tengchong Branch of Baoshan Management and Protection Bureau of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, who has special feelings for Rhododendron grandiflora.
19 18, British biologist forest discovered this kind of rhododendron which is more than 20 meters high in the forest of Gaoligong Mountain. He cut off its trunk, made a specimen and shipped it back to England.
"For a long time, this is the last big tree cuckoo in the world." Duan introduced that in order to find out the family background of Rhododendron grandiflora and retrieve this endemic species of Gaoligong Mountain, Chinese scientists went deep into the hinterland of Gaoligong Mountain and began their search for more than 70 years.
Longgaoligong, the mountain is high and the road is hard to walk. It is difficult to find a flower in the dense forest. Duan said frankly: "As Gaoligong people, we can't accept that the cuckoo has been shipped abroad, but it is hard to find it in our own home. So everyone has this determination to get it back. "
1982, at the waist of Gaoligong Mountain in Tengchong, a new cuckoo kingdom finally appeared in front of the world. Chinese botanist Feng discovered more than 40 species of rhododendrons in this area.
"Rhododendron grandiflora, which is listed as a critically endangered species, has smaller seeds than sesame, and it is difficult to germinate in the virgin forest after falling from the tree. In addition, due to the influence of site conditions, natural renewal is extremely difficult. " Duan introduced.
In order to "rescue" Rhododendron grandiflora, relevant scientific research institutions conducted artificial breeding and breeding technology experiments on Rhododendron grandiflora. There are 200 rhododendron seedlings in Linjiabao, which are growing well at present. In the first experiment of 20 17, the survival rate reached 60%, and the seedling height increased from 25 cm to 60 cm in four years.
In Gaoligong Mountain, many endangered and extremely endangered species like Rhododendron grandiflora were "rescued".
Baoshan Qian, an endemic plant in Gaoligongshan Mountain, is also a very small species, and it is also facing a crisis of survival. In the limited distribution of Baoshan 100 plants, the researchers found that it was difficult to find seedlings around adult plants and could not reproduce normally under natural conditions. Through artificial cultivation, Baoshan money can also be successfully propagated near the ground and returned to the wild.
In Duan's view, the conscious protection of the masses is also the key to continuous protection. "We set up a nature education base in Linshipu. Many teenagers come here every year. I will take them to see the experimental fields returning to the wild, so that children can know these species from an early age and protect our homes. "
Keep pace with the times and protect scientifically.
"In the past, when we talked about protection, we often sealed a mountain and let it develop." Li Zhengbo, a fourth-level researcher of Baoshan Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Yunnan Province, has been engaged in natural science education in Gaoligongshan for a long time. "Many species may have died out before we found them."
"In addition to water and food, the survival of animals cannot be separated from' home'. For them, this may be a refuge. Therefore, we pay more and more attention to the protection of habitats and make them feel more secure. " Li Zhengbo said.
These conclusions are inseparable from scientific research and a large number of field monitoring, and the concept of scientific protection has replaced closed protection.
The white-browed gibbon is an endemic species in Gaoligong Mountain. At present, there are less than 200 gibbons left. As long as the relationship between men and women is determined, they will be together for life.
In an area of Xiaoheishan Provincial Nature Reserve in Longling, Yunnan, there used to be five white-browed gibbons, a couple with two children and a lonely female ape. Dozens of kilometers away, there are many single male apes living in Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve. However, due to the destruction of forest ecology between the original two nature reserves, there is a natural barrier between the two places.
In order to solve the problem of ecological environment fragmentation, from 65438 to 0996, the local government established the state-owned forest between the two nature reserves as a biological corridor and brought it under the unified management of Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve.
"After crossing the biological corridor, animals began to visit relatives." Lu Bi Hui, the administrator of the nature reserve, said that through the monitoring of infrared cameras, the species exchange between the two nature reserves was obviously strengthened. The total number of national first-class protected animals in the biological corridor increased from 4 groups 130 to 8 groups with more than 300 animals.
"Primates have very high requirements on the ecological environment of habitats and are important indicators reflecting biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. The increase in population shows that the ecological environment here is getting better and better. " Li Zhengbo said with relief.
A good ecology brings a good life.
"The villagers in Baihualing Village have been doing biodiversity protection since 1995." Hou, chairman of Gaoligongshan Farmers Biodiversity Protection Association, said proudly.
Hou introduced that this is the first farmers' biodiversity conservation association in China, and its membership has increased from 5 1 to more than 50 people now. "We hold at least two ecological protection training lectures every year to make everyone realize the importance of keeping this green mountain."
The once prominent contradiction between man and land has become less and less under the spontaneous persuasion of local villagers. "I used to like hunting. Now, under the call of the government and the association, I realize that we should protect Gaoligong Mountain. Now I have been a forest ranger for more than 20 years. " Cai Zhihong, a Lisu ranger, said with a smile.
Ecology has improved and life has improved. On the other side of Gaoligong Mountain, Dulong Ranger Sharla Cheung was deeply touched by this.
"We have protected the ecology and have a stable income." The poverty alleviation policy of ecological rangers has taken root here, greatly improving the lives of local people.
"When I was a ranger, the road on this side of Dulong River was particularly difficult to walk. Before the tunnel is opened, I will encounter a situation in which the mountain is closed for half a year due to heavy snow. " Sharla Cheung recalled.
20 14 Dulongjiang Highway Gaoligongshan Tunnel runs through, and Sharla Cheung's mountain patrol and forest protection road is also more convenient. Sharla Cheung set up the first infrared camera in Dulongjiang section of Gaoligongshan where the tunnel is located.
"In addition to being rangers, we also planted tsaoko, and the crops were sold outside the mountains." Sharla Cheung said with a smile.
Dulongjiang Township is particularly cautious in moderately developing undergrowth planting. Mu Xiaolong, head of Dulongjiang Township, said: "At present, all our undergrowth vegetation such as tsaoko is planted in the secondary forest, and the scale is controlled. It is absolutely not allowed to plant under the virgin forest and strictly observe the red line of ecological protection. "
Overseas Edition of People's Daily (No.202 11June 0 141Edition)