This seven-character quatrain is "Bu Di Hou Fu Ju". Translation: When the Double Ninth Festival comes in September in autumn, the chrysanthemums will bloom and other flowers will wither. The chrysanthemums in full bloom are dazzling, and the fragrance is long and peaceful. The whole city is bathed in the fragrance of chrysanthemums, and the golden armor-like chrysanthemums are everywhere.
"Ode to Chrysanthemums in the Empress of Budi" (Tang Dynasty) Huang Chao: When autumn comes on September 8th, I will kill all the flowers in bloom. The incense formation soaring to the sky penetrates Chang'an, and the whole city is covered with golden armor.
"Ode to Chrysanthemums in the Empress Bu Di" is a poem about things written by Huang Chao, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty. This poem uses metaphorical techniques to give the chrysanthemum a heroic appearance and noble character. It uses the chrysanthemum as a symbol of the oppressed people and uses the flowers as a metaphor for the reactionary and decadent feudal ruling group. It vividly shows the decisive and determined spirit of the peasant revolutionary leader. The whole poem has magnificent diction, novel metaphors, strange imagination, magnificent artistic conception and majestic spirit.
The title of the poem is "Fu Chrysanthemum after Not Passing", "Not Passing" means failing the imperial examination. These two words explain in detail the reason and time when the author wrote this poem. Failure is something that makes people unhappy. However, when the author faced the confusion and frustration of failure, he still admired the chrysanthemums, which shows that his mood was calm and indifferent.
The lines of this poem are filled with a passion for killing the enemy and welcoming victory. The word "wai" in the first sentence is very powerful and meaningful. What the poet is eagerly waiting for is a special day that will turn the world upside down and change everything. And the arrival of this day is just around the corner like spring and autumn, and the change of time sequence. It is not illusory or distant. and. The word "kill" in the second sentence is very suggestive and can easily make people think of it.
The poet juxtaposes and contrasts the blooming of "my flower" with the withered and decayed "hundred flowers", showing the glorious prospect of the people's power overcoming the ruling dynasty. The word "kill" reminds us that "wo flowers" (people's power) are overwhelming and overwhelming; "hundred flowers" (ruling group) abandon their armor and drag their troops and flee. This contest between old and new forces "killed" the enemy to the point of despair and complete defeat, which greatly enhanced the confidence and power of "Wohua" to pursue and defeat the enemy.
The third and fourth sentences of the poem describe the magnificent scene of chrysanthemums blooming. In Chang'an, Kyoto, chrysanthemums are all over the ground, shining with golden light; the fragrance is overflowing, reaching into the sky; the flowers are in clusters, and the embroidery is brilliant. This is simply the world of chrysanthemums, the kingdom of chrysanthemums, and the grand festival of chrysanthemums. The poet writes like this, changing the chrysanthemum's lonely and elegant noble style, showing a bold and rough, dynamic beauty of fighting against the heaven and the earth. The word "Chong" is used to describe the fragrance, which has the charm of welcoming the cold, and the fragrance is far away and clear;
The word "Zhen" is used to write the fragrance, and there are bursts of strong fragrance, permeating the atmosphere of Chang'an; using gold armor It is a metaphor for the chrysanthemum, which has both color and fragrance, and a vivid charm. Moreover, these words can easily make people think of the prospect of victory for the peasant rebel army to conquer the territory and dominate everything. In fact, the poet used the chrysanthemums that filled the capital and occupied the autumn light to exaggerate the joy of the rebel army's victory and smiles. The whole poem should express a firm belief and beautiful longing for the victory of the uprising. ?
Huang Chao wanted to rebel, to overthrow the old regime, to be a hero of destiny and a trend-setter of the times. He did not express his feelings directly, but conveyed his feelings and ambitions by writing chrysanthemum-shaped flowers. This is The implicit and implicit writing style is indeed the main reason why this poem is regarded as a superior work.
Of course, as a leader of the peasant uprising, Huang Chao’s magnanimity and political ambition are destined to be different from those of ordinary feudal literati. This is one of the reasons why the chrysanthemums in his works are so vibrant and full of fighting spirit. . Extended information
Among the three poems handed down by Huang Chao, two are poems about things with chrysanthemums as the theme. Among them, "Inscribed on Chrysanthemums" writes: "The rustling west wind fills the courtyard with plants, and the pistils are cold and fragrant. Butterflies are hard to come by. If I were the Qing Emperor in another year, I would repay the peach blossoms with blooming." It shows his tenacious fighting spirit and determination to win. belief. The realm of this song "Bu Di Hou Fu Ju" is more majestic and heroic than "Inscribed on Chrysanthemums". In this poem, the poet uses metaphor to give the chrysanthemum the heroic appearance and noble character of the peasant rebel army.
The first sentence "Wait until autumn comes on September 8th" means that the Double Ninth Festival has not yet arrived, and the poet wrote a poem to celebrate it. The word "waiting" bursts out suddenly, "suddenly sounds like firecrackers", with a sharp and exciting rhythm and a certain meaning of imminence.
"September 8" is on the day before the Double Ninth Festival. From the perspective of the turbulent flow of poetry, the poet does not write "September 9" but writes "September 8" not just for rhyme. , and also revealed an impatient mood, calling for the revolutionary storm to come as soon as possible.
The second sentence "After I bloom, hundreds of flowers will die", on the one hand, it shows readers an irresistible natural law. It uses the strong contrast between the golden chrysanthemums blooming proudly and the frost and the withering of hundreds of flowers. It shows the vitality of the chrysanthemum, and on the one hand it implies that once the storm of peasant revolution comes, the corrupt Tang Dynasty will immediately turn into dead branches and leaves like "a hundred flowers" encountering frost.
The third and fourth sentences, "The incense array reaches Chang'an, and the city is covered with golden armor" are the foresight and longing for the victorious prospect of chrysanthemums. The third sentence describes the smell, "the incense array reaches the sky and penetrates Chang'an". This fragrance is not a delicate fragrance, not a fresh fragrance, but an "incense array reaching the sky".
The word "soaring to the sky" describes the extraordinary momentum of the chrysanthemum, which is rich in fragrance and soars into the sky;
The word "fragrance array" shows that when the golden chrysanthemum wins, it is by no means a single branch, but a group of people are honored. It contains a simple and profound concept of peace in the world; the word "transparent" also shows the refreshing and enterprising spirit of chrysanthemum fragrance that spreads across the world.
The fourth sentence "The city is full of golden armor." "Mancheng" means that chrysanthemums are everywhere, all over Kyoto; "all over the city" means that there are no chrysanthemums all over Chang'an. Exceptions are all covered in golden armor. The words "full" and "end" imitate the spectacle of chrysanthemums taking over the world - during the Double Ninth Festival, chrysanthemums are in full bloom, and the whole of Chang'an becomes a world of chrysanthemums. This fully demonstrates that the peasant revolutionary storm destroys the old and renews, and dominates everything. prospects of victory.
Chrysanthemum has always been regarded as the national flower of China. Anyone who sings about chrysanthemum but fails to describe the soul of the country is considered inferior.
This poem by Huang Chao uses chrysanthemums to express his aspirations. The realm is magnificent, the spirit is magnificent, the writing style is strong, and the style is majestic. It successfully creates the lyrical protagonist who is wearing armor and holding up his hands. The long sword, the heroic image of a man in the sky, and sentences such as "I will kill a hundred flowers after they bloom", "The city is full of golden armor", etc., with sharp tone and fierce momentum, have had a positive impact on the thoughts of many people with lofty ideals in later generations. .
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia - Bu Di Hou Fu Ju