1. Verses about black jade
Verses about black jade 1. Verses containing ink
1. The wind fixes the color of the clouds, and the autumn is deserted. Darkness - "Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind" Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty 2. The trees at the head of the pond where I wash inkstones, all the flowers are blooming with faint traces of ink - "Mo Mei" Wang Mian of the Yuan Dynasty 3. The black clouds turned over and the ink did not cover the mountains, Baiyu jumps into the boat with beads - "Drunken Book at Wanghulou on June 27th" Su Shi of the Song Dynasty 4. Promote talented people and teach them their abilities, but follow the rope and ink without making mistakes - "Li Sao" Pre-Qin Dynasty Qu Yuan 5. Carrying rope ink To pursue the music, to compete with the Zhou Dynasty to live up to it - "Li Sao" Pre-Qin Dynasty Qu Yuan 6. The cold clothes are densely stitched, and the ink marks on family letters are fresh - "Arrived Home at the End of the Year/Arrived Home at the End of the Year" Qing Dynasty Jiang Shiquan 7. Dreams are a cry for farewell at a distance Calling, the book was urged to become ink-"Four Untitled Poems" Li Shangyin of the Tang Dynasty 8. Although it is dusty and stained, the ink marks are still thick - "Cursive Script Screen" Han Xie of the Tang Dynasty 9. Even though King Lu used calligraphy and ink, Inferior to the modern style of the Han and Wei dynasties - "Six Quatrains in a Play" Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty 10. Turning an inkstone to study ink - "Thinking of the Red Leaves and Yellow Flowers in Late Autumn" Yan Jidao of the Song Dynasty 11. There is no image on the curtain screen, and there is more than enough calligraphy and ink Traces - "Three Mourning Poems" Wei and Jin Dynasty Pan An 12. Mo Yun Dragging Rain across the West Tower - "Jiang Chengzi Mo Yun Dragging Rain across the West Tower" Su Shi of the Song Dynasty 13. New ink marks on the paper, almost The most pleasant thing is to point plum blossoms - "Inscription on Plum Blossoms" Li Fangying of the Qing Dynasty 14. The clouds are like ink when the Guiling miasma comes, and the water in the Dongting spring is like the sky - "Farewell to Brother Zongyi" Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty 15. Tears are sprinkled on the ink This is a book that will be sent to relatives thousands of miles away - "Returning Letters" Meng Jiao, Tang Dynasty 16. Ink marks are fragrant and red wax tears - "Genggluzi Autumn" Zhang Shufang, Song Dynasty 17. When I look at Su Lingchuo, how can Zhu Mo do it? ——"Two Ancient Ci Poems (One Satirizes the Ancients)" Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty 18. The dark green shirt is narrow and narrow - "Huanxisha·The dark green shirt is narrow and narrow" Huangji of the Song Dynasty 19. The ink title of "Tearing Up the Clothes" - - "The Sound of the Pestle Qi and the Anvil Surface Ying" He Zhu of the Song Dynasty 20. Returned to Fengxiang from the north, and sent the ink maker to Yanzhou for painting - "Northern Expedition" Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty 21. The fragrant ink is curved and the painting is light and even. - - "Nan Gezi·Fragrant Ink Wandan Painting" Song Dynasty Qin Guan 22. Yu Liang relied on his talent and Gao Gengyi, and then he heard that ink painting had become a chapter - "Moon" Tang Dynasty Fang Qian 23. Shen Song Dynasty ran across the ink field, and the romance was beginning to disappear. Destroying Qi Liang - "Eight of Thirty Poems" Jin Yuan Haowen 24. Drenched with ink, watching dragons and snakes flying down the wild paper - "Han Gong Chun, written in Chengdu from Nanzheng" Song Dynasty Lu You 25. Ink painting with sparse windows and lonely shadows in Xiaoxiang - "Magnolia Slowly·The Rain on the Beginning of Autumn Night Sends Liang Fen to the South" Qing Dynasty Nalan Xingde 26. More jade flowers are sprayed, whips are sounded and electric wiping is applied, black silk is spread out, and ink is drunk. Dragon Jump - "Qinyuan Chun Reply to Jiuhua Ye Xianliang" Liu Kezhuang of the Song Dynasty 27. The ink is scattered when it is used, and there are wonderful works to explore the mystery - "Gift of Ginseng Liazi" Tang Dynasty Li Bai 28. The crow marks are printed on the sleeves of the green mirror, Drunk ink cage gauze on the red wall - "Crying in the Night, Leaving Hatred and Lingering Willows" Jin·Liu Ying 29. Ink Zhai stops the car, and the exhibition season is still mourning - "Slim Chapter" Wei Jin·Zhang Hua 30. Winter Journey Although the ink is faint, the ice and snow are carved by craftsmanship - "Nanshan Poems" Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty 31. Old books from Meishi, ancient ink from Orchid Pavilion, vaguely charming and full of autumn - "Looking at the Sea Tide 2 of 4" Qin Guan of the Song Dynasty 32. Qianxiu Crying The traces are numerous, and the ink color on the fragrant paper is new - "Untitled" Han Xie of the Tang Dynasty 33. Han Mo Ji Ji Xian's case, the phase and number are separated - "Poetry of the Beautiful Girl" Wei Jin Zuo Si 34. Ink Yunqi's water light, the glass sky above and below ——"Encountering Snow on the Suqian Road" Lu Wengui of the Song Dynasty 35. It is worthy of being drunk and wet with ink. ——"Send off Yuan Ji's return to Yuzhang" , The light ink moss is green - "Qi Liao Yuan·The rider on the horse helps the disabled to get drunk" Song Dynasty Zhou Bangyan 37. Lao Fubo in the calligraphy field, Vimalakirti fell ill in Bodhi Square - "The illness started in Jingjiang Pavilion" Song Dynasty The meaning of Huang Tingjian's ink characters: Noun 1. Understanding and pictophonetic.
From earth, from black, black also sounds. Original meaning: black pigment used in calligraphy and painting, made from raw materials such as pine smoke.
Ink, calligraphy and ink. ——"Shuowen" Licking the pen and ink.
——"Zhuangzi·Tian Zifang" Shi Zhanmo. ——"Zhou Li·Zhanren" is a tribute to his ink.
——"Zhou Rites·divination master". Note: "If you burn it well, you will know its omen."
Another example: Mowan (a kind of ancient ink); Moben (rubbing of stele and calligraphy); Mo Gong (craftsman who makes ink); Make-up (make-up on the face with ink); Mo Lu (ink line) 2. Refers to poetry or calligraphy and painting poets sitting down at the table and then paying homage to the head. ——Yang Xiong's "Changyang Fu" Another example: Mojunzhu (bamboo painted in ink); Wenmo; Remaining ink; Mobing (referring to history books; referring to calligraphy, painting, poetry); Momiao (exquisite articles, calligraphy and paintings); Mo Tie (Dharma Tie.
Refers to the rubbings or printed copies of famous Dharma calligraphy) 3. Shengmo. The ink fountain line used by carpenters to correct the bends is ordinary.
——"Guoyu·Zhouyu" everything depends on his ink. ——"Tai Xuan·Fa".
Note: "It is also called rope ink." Another example: ink fountain (a tool for carpenters to draw straight lines); Molu (ink line).
A line drawn by carpenters on wood to correct the straightness. ) 4. One of the five punishments in ancient China. The denomination was engraved and dyed black as a mark of punishment.
In the Shang and Zhou dynasties, it was called "Mo Xing", and in the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was called "Taixing". The person who ink is ink on his forehead. ——"Bai Hu Tong·Five Punishments" Five hundred sins.
——"Zhou Rites: Punishment". Note: "Tattoo.
First carve the face and suffocate it with ink." 5. Refers to the Mohist family.
An important school of thought during the Warring States Period, one of the Nine Streams, created by Mo Zhai. For example: Mohist (a disciple and scholar of Mohism) 6. Tong "Xi". Rope emblem to correct ink.
——Yang Xiong's "Jie Mo" 7. "Mo" is also a surname. According to Fan Wenlan's "General History of China": "There is Yelu City and Tangxi Village in Xiping, Henan, which are famous sword-making places in Korea.
There is Yongyuan Water in Xiping, which makes swords very strong and sharp." According to "Han Dian" explanation: Mo Yang, the name of a beautiful sword in ancient times.
The local name of Moyang is that the swords produced there are famous for their swords. The seventeenth volume of "Chu Ci" has "The clothes are taken slowly, and I am Mo Yang."
Mo Yang, the name of the sword." In the history books, there is also a surname of Mo (Mo) with "male and female Mo Yang sword; The general couplet of the ancestral hall of "Yanyuan Julutang".
It can be seen that Motongmo is also a surname. Adjective part 1. black ink, black.
——"Guangya Shiqi" has a dark surface. ——"Mencius Teng Wen Gong" The ministers looked at the appearance of the King of Wu and had great worries.
——"Guoyu·Wuyu". Note: "It is said: 'Those who eat meat have no ink.'
'Now the king of Wu has ink. Ink means black air."
Its color is ink. ——Ming Dynasty Wei Xuezhen's "Nuclear Boat" The Russian wind calms the clouds.
——Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty, "Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind" is used to bury Duke Wen. ——"Zuo Zhuan·The 32nd Year of Duke Xi" So he began to write.
——"Zuo Zhuan·The 32nd Year of Duke Xi" Another example: Mo Liao (black mourning clothes); Mo Mian (describing a dark and thin face); Mo Yu (black jade); Mo Yi ( Black clothes, refers to mourning clothes); mohui (black and gray) 2. Corruption, being dishonest and corrupting officials. ——"Zuo Zhuan Zhao."
2. Poems about stones
1. Thousands of hammers carved out the deep mountains, and the fire burned them as if nothing happened. ——Yu Qian "Song of Lime"
It means: It can only be mined from the mountains after tens of millions of hammerings. It regards the burning of raging fire as a very common thing.
2. Love this punch stone, exquisite and natural. ——Cao Xueqin's "Inscription on Self-Painted Stone"
It means: If you like this punch of stone, you will be born with natural agility and exquisite seven orifices.
3. The stone in the river will not turn, and the hatred will be swallowed up by Wu. ——Du Fu's "Eight Formations"
Meaning: Despite the impact of the river, the stone remains the same. The thousand-year hatred is due to Liu Bei's mistake in trying to annex Wu.
4. A beautiful woman becomes an ancient stone, and the moss is covered with yellow flowers. ——Liu Fangping's "Looking at the Husband's Stone"
Meaning: Couples and lovers have become ancient stones. The moss has been removed and grown again, and the flowers have bloomed and faded.
5. One or two pieces of bluestone and three or four branches of white lotus. ——Bai Juyi's "Lotus Stone"
It means: There are two green stones in the water, and three or four white lotuses are blooming.
3. What is the representative significance of black jade in ancient times?
The Chinese regard jade as the crystallization of the essence of heaven and earth, which is used as an intermediary for spiritual communication between humans and gods, giving jade its unique unusual religious symbolism.
Chinese ancient books call Kunlun Mountain the "Mountain of Jade" or "The Ancestor of Ten Thousand Mountains". There is also a saying in "The Thousand Character Essay" that "gold produces Lishui, and jade produces Kunlun".
As early as the Shang Dynasty 3,600 to 3,100 years ago, Hetian jade had already arrived in Anyang, Henan, the capital of the Shang and Yin Dynasties, from distant Xinjiang. Slave-owning nobles were proud of using Hetian jade. They wore it during their lifetime and were buried with it after their death.
The amount of jade used is amazing. Hotan jade from Xinjiang has to pass through Gansu, Shaanxi or Shanxi to reach Henan.
Obviously, the jade road developed by primitive society was relatively complete at this time. Jade products taken from nature and polished in imperial palaces were regarded as symbols of hierarchical status and became an important part of the so-called "ritual system" that maintained the social ruling order.
At the same time, the special role of jade in funerals also gives jade an incomparable mysterious religious significance. It is a great creation of the Chinese people to compare some of the natural characteristics of jade itself with the moral qualities of people, and to admire and praise them as the virtues that the so-called "gentleman" should have.
Therefore, the spiritual culture produced in ancient China is a very interesting special case in world civilization. It is a vivid materialization of the Eastern spirit and the material foundation of the essence of Chinese cultural tradition. And all of this is inextricably linked with Hetian ancient jade.
From the perception of crystal-clear and moist jade, it is associated with the beauty of the scenery and the noble character of the character, until it rises to the standard of a gentleman's moral conduct. Jade has also developed from the most beautiful thing in the world to the god of all things and the most precious treasure in the world. It is the embodiment of virtue.
The cultural connotation contained in jade has unique humanistic symbolic and aesthetic significance, and has formed a specific artistic symbol in ancient classics. Analyzing the images contained in the jade prototype will help us get closer to the way of thinking of the ancients, understand the spiritual pursuit of personality, morality, and etiquette in traditional Chinese culture, understand the unique aesthetic identity of jade in the emotional world of the ancients, and Understand the profound connotation and true meaning of the specific symbol of jade in ancient books.
Black jade is a precious and rare natural resource. It is mainly produced in Hotan and Qiemo County, Xinjiang, and in the northern mountainous area of ??Fuping County, Shaanxi Province. Its color is heavy and greasy, its texture is fine, as black as ink, and smooth. Lovely and extremely famous, its hardness is about Mohs4o. It has always been an excellent material for inkstone and knife work. The ancients called it "precious stone" together with diamonds, gems and colored stones. Black jade refers to a rare variety of Hetian jade in Xinjiang. It has the same excellent quality as Hetian jade, which is firm and moist. Among them, the pure black jade is as black as ink, with heavy color and greasy texture, and fine texture. Smooth and elegant.
Ink jade is soft jade, and ink jade contains a large number of other minerals. Real ink jade should be completely black and opaque. The essence is contained inside, the body is like gelatin, firm, clean and delicate, thick and warm. Wearing it can nourish one's nature and make one happy, exorcise evil spirits and avoid plagues. It is beneficial to people and is extremely beautiful.
"The most valuable qualities of Fuyu are the nine virtues. Fuyu is gentle and moist, which is benevolence; it is wise when one is close to others; it is righteous when it is strong but not frowning; it is honest but not prudent; it is conductive; Fresh but not dirty, it is clean; folding but not scratching, it is courageous; seeing all the flaws and imperfections, it is refined; its luxuriance and luster are connected but not related to the mausoleum, which is its appearance; the sound of knocking is clear, broad, far-reaching and pure without killing, it is the word of speech. Yes.
It is regarded as valuable by the owner, hidden as a treasure, and cut as a symbol of auspiciousness, and the nine virtues come out. ""Guanzi Shuidi" Song Duwan's "Yunlin Shipu·Moshi": "The mountains of Western Shu are rich in black jade. In the deep soil, its quality is like stone, its color is dark black, and its body is very light. The natives carve it into crotch or utensils, and it is extremely smooth."
Song Mifu's "History of Inkstones: Kuizhou Yishi Inkstone": "The color is black, and there are ink spots between the stems, like ink jade light, and the blackness is endless." "Shuowen Jiezi" explains the jade as: "The beauty of the stone is Five virtues.
Moisturizing and warming are the principles of benevolence; (this character is Jiao + Si). The principle comes from the outside and can be understood, which is the principle of righteousness; It is square; it is brave but not scratchy; it is sharp and honest, it is clean. ""Tongyi of the Five Classics·Li" says: "Jade has five virtues: it is warm and lustrous, and it is like. It is similar to wisdom; it is sharp but not harmful, it is similar to benevolence; it is restrained but not inflexible, it is similar to righteousness; if there are flaws inside, it will be seen externally, it is similar to trust; it is like hanging down like a pendant, it is similar to etiquette."
Jade is tough. It is said that it is better to have broken jade than to make it whole. In the bones, jade has an innate arrogance. Jade is an important part of traditional Chinese culture. The jade culture with jade as the central carrier has not only deeply influenced the ideas of ancient Chinese people, but has become an indispensable part of Chinese culture.
Jade culture contains the patriotic national integrity of "I would rather be a piece of jade"; the fashion of unity and friendship of "turning into jade and silk"; the moral character of selfless dedication of "moistening with warmth"; the purity of "yu does not cover up flaws" Integrity and integrity. The political value of ancient jade is reflected in the fact that ancient jade is the materialization of social hierarchy and the carrier of ancient people's moral and cultural concepts.
The unearthed jade articles basically come from large and medium-sized tombs with status and status. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were regulations on the use of the "Six Rui". Officials of 6 different statuses used 6 different kinds of jades, which are the so-called " The king held Zhen Gui, the Duke held Huan Gui, the Hou held Xin Gui, the Bo held Gong Gui, the son held Gu Bi, and the male held Pu Bi." From the Qin Dynasty, the emperor adopted the system of using jade as the seal, which was followed to the Qing Dynasty; Tang Dynasty It clearly stipulates the system for officials to use jade, such as the jade belt system. The word "jade" originated from the oldest writing in my country, the oracle bone inscriptions and bell and tripod inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty.
There are nearly 500 Chinese characters for jade, and there are countless words composed of jade. The Chinese characters for treasure are all related to jade. The word "bao" passed down in later generations is The combined characters of "jade" and "家" indicate that "jade" is privately owned, which shows its irreplaceable value in jade culture. The word "jade" is a beautiful and noble word in the minds of the ancients. In ancient poetry and prose, jade is often used to metaphor and describe all beautiful people or things.
For example: the words using jade to describe people include jade face, jade face, jade girl, slim and graceful standing, etc.; the words using jade to describe things include jade meal, jade food, jade spring, etc.; the idioms composed of jade include jade and jade. A good relationship, a golden rule, a round and round jade, a piece of cake to attract jade, etc. There are folk legends and stories about jade such as "He's Wall", "Hongmen Banquet", "Playing the Jade and Playing the Flute", "Nuwa Mending the Sky", etc. How many people regard their beloved Some of their children are named after jade, such as Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu. For many years, they never tired of reading the touching "Dream of Red Mansions". It was Cao Xueqin who pinned his ideals in life on this beautiful piece of jade.