Oracle Bone Inscriptions glyph, like a kneeling woman, looks like hair in the middle, and two hands on both sides are combing the hair, indicating "obedience". Original meaning: obedience) (2) If it is the same as the original meaning [obedience], it will be smooth.
-"Erya Shi Ming" If all people are. -"Poetry Truffle Duke Que" is like this.
-"Poetry, Elegance and People" is full of happiness. -"Yi Guan" is earth-shattering.
-"Shu Yao Dian" meets everything. -"Zuo Zhuan Gong Xuan Three Years" (3) Another example: If it is timely (adapt to the weather); Ruoshu (docile and kind) (4) such as; Like [like; As if] the virtue of a saint is universal if the sky is high.
-"Mozi Shang Zhong Xian" If the skin is ice and snow, if the body is a virgin, it is graceful. -"Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour" flies like a mountain.
—— Author of Selected Poems of Mulan in Yuefu and Heavenly Reward for Diligence. -Tang Wangbo's "Du Shaofu's Zhou Shu" (5) Another example: If you divide the enemy; If it is clear, if it is ambiguous (seemingly clear and unclear); If it is the same (if it is a track.
It's like walking out of an old road. Metaphor words, actions, encounters, etc. Are exactly the same); If (such as; Like); If eggs throw stones (the same as "eggs throw stones".
Metaphor is overreaching and will fail); If you wade into deep water (if you wade into deep ice). Metaphor is in a difficult situation) (6) Choose a dish [Choose a dish] If so, choose a dish.
From damn it, right. Right, hand also.
-"Shuo Wen" (7) is extended to "Choose" and "Today" Qin Mugong said: "The chaos in the state of Jin made the first husband and the second son stand up, thinking it was urgent." This means that whoever chooses the second son first will stand up. If the training is correct, the meaning of choosing food will be extended.
-Qing Duan Yucai's Notes on Shuowen Jiezi (8) is the same, quite [equal to] it is almost the same as that of the year before last. -Han Yu's "Shi Shuo" has the same length of cloth and silk, but Jia is similar.
-Mencius (9) and; If the disease doesn't die. -"Mandarin" (10) is comparable (mostly used in negative sentences and rhetorical questions) [matching] Although it is sick, who is the wife and who is the butcher? -"Book of Rites" Xu Gong is not as beautiful as you.
-The Warring States Policy and Qi Ce (1 1) promised, and then made a "promise". If you have to believe, then you are within the limit. -The Silk Book of Mawangdui Han Tomb is a place to ride.
-"Selected Works of Sima Xiangru Shanglin Fu" (12) processing, processing [processing; God Kou, if what? -"Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong Fifteen Years" ◎ If (1) is the case, then [if] it enters, it will go out. -"Xunzi Wang Ba".
Note: "That's right." Self-organizing.
-"The Warring States Policy and Qin Ce" What you do, what you want, you want. -"Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shang" 2 Another example: If this is the case (so; These); If (this statement, this case); If you say (say so); If it is big or small (big or small); If this (so, so); If (so, so); If (so); If so (so); If (so, if) (3) you [us]; Yours [you; Yours] If, you too.
-"Little Erya" is just waiting. -"Kao Gong Ji Zi Ren" appears frequently.
-Is the Book of Rites willing to send troops to help me? -"History of the Huns" is disrespectful. -"Mozi Ming Ghost" Life is three days, if you stay.
-If "Mandarin IV" is a back office, what is it? -"Historical Records Chen She Family" If you don't have hardship and poverty.
-Ming Xian Cui's "Three Principles of Su Gong Ao in Zhong Wang" (4) Another example: Ruocao (especially people); If it is (you); If (you) (5) it; His [his; He said that people nowadays have been offended by the country. -"Mozi Tian" (6) This, if so, is used for reference [this].
For example, if a person (this person); Ruoshi (this person. If it is the same person); If (now, now); If you ask questions on behalf of (these people, these people) (7).
Equivalent to "how" and "where" [where] Such as: if (which); If there is (what to do; Also refers to how and why); How (how, how; Also refers to how to do; Why, why); If yes (how; What kind; How can it be? How come) (8) So; therefore ...
The old lady uses "[like this]" when she is old. -A Dream of Red Mansions ◎ If if (1) If; If [if] the son is against Kim, why not report it to Gu Zhong? -"Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong twenty-three years" against the country is chaotic.
-"Historical Records Zhao" If I face Xue, I dare not talk to you. -If Zuozhuan hides hundreds of thousands of Gong Yin in eleven years, it will be extremely fast.
-Song Shen Kuo "Meng Qian Bi Tan Fire Companion" If you are affectionate, you will be old. -Tang Li and "Golden Tongxian Fu Han Ge" (2) Another example: If it is not (if it is not); If (if); If (if); If (if, if); If (if or.
If, if); If not (if not; If not); If (if); If (if, if, if); If (if, if) (3) As for [so]. Used at the beginning of the sentence to cause heavy rain, the moon does not open, the evil wind howls, and the waves are empty.
-Song Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower" (4) Another example: If it is (as for. Used at the beginning of a sentence to indicate something else) (5) or; Or [or] ten thousand people in one county are trapped and ten thousand households are sealed.
-"Hanshu Gaudi Ji" if agreed. -"Li Zhoulve" (6) Another example: If (or); If big, if small (big and small) (7) and [and] Wang Ruogong.
-"Book Calling Letters", Volume 8, [Suppressing if Yang]. -"Poetry Qi Feng Yi" is humiliating and shocking.
-"Lao Zi". Gu Note: "That's all". The blessing of heaven and earth is really your majesty.
-"Wei Zhi's Reflection" ◎ If < name > (1) straw skin [stem skin] Jesus, if Ba takes food. -"Shuo Wen".
Zhu Tan Wen Xun: "The stems are scattered, so comb them." ② Vanilla was named Du Ruo Vanilla.
-"Shuo Wen" Cai Huayi Xi Ruoying. -"Chu Ci Yun Zhong Jun" is swaying in the breeze.
-Yi Fu's dance ode. Note: "Du Ye."
If the bar is straight. -"Biography of Han Sima Xiangru" (3) Another example: Ruofang ("Fragrance of Du Ruo"); Ruoying (flower of Du Ruo); Ruohui (vanilla name.
Du Ruo and Cao Hui) (4) Feltri. Such as: Ruomu (the ancient god.
2. The ancient explanation of the function word "ruo" in classical Chinese.
Ruo
1 like it. Battle of Red Cliffs: "The trip turned upside down and the water returned to the sea."
2 and; Comparable. Zou Ji satirizes Xu Shu, King of Qi: "Xu Gong is not beautiful."
3 you; You; Yours (ours). Hongmen Banquet: "~ The road to life is long and its Xiu Yuan is awkward." The Snake Catcher said: "Take more clothes, take more clothes."
4 Like this; Here you are. "Qi Huan Jinwen Poetry": "Take what ~ does, seek what ~ wants, and seek fish near the wood."
(5) as for. Qi Huan Jinwen Poetry: "Man, there is no constant production, because there is no perseverance."
6 if; If. "The Battle of Dishes": "If you sneak into the division, the country can get it."
7 or; Or ... Hanshu? Food Note: "When there is military service ~ floods and droughts, the people are not sleepy."
8 seems to be; I think so. Peach Blossom Garden: "The mountain has a small mouth, which seems to have light."
Pet-name ruby is used as an adjective, meaning "the appearance of ...", and may not be translated. The Book of Songs? "Meng": "Mulberry has not fallen, its leaves can be fat ~"
If it is like a wooden flower.
The name of the tree in the ancient myth of Ruomu. Born at sunset, green leaves and red flowers.
If time is with heaven. When, at four o'clock; Good luck. 2. At this time. 3. At that time.
If it belongs to you people.
If it is still "so". So ...
Ruo Ying Du Ruo's Flowers. If the flower of wood.
3. Interpretation of the word "ruo" in classical Chinese and its three example sentences 1. Like, like, like.
Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shangshang: "If I am lonely, can I protect the people?" Poem of Farewell to Lieutenant Du's Visit to Shu: "However, China has our friendship, and heaven is still our neighbor." There is an idiom "if it is bright, if it is dark".
"If not": Better, better. Liezi Tang Wen: "I have never been a widow and a weak son."
2. The second personal pronoun. You, yours.
Shang Jun Schwartz: "If you break the law and leave the order, if you die, I will die." Liu Zongyuan's "Snake Catcher" said: "What if you are more servile and then endowed?" Change jobs and resume paying taxes. So what? ) 3. Demonstrative pronouns, this, this.
"Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shangshang": "Do what you want, and do what you want." 4. Conjunction.
If, if. "Zuo Zhuan Yin Gongyuan": "If we meet at the fountain, who will say no?"
Li He's Song of the Golden Tongxian: "If the sky is affectionate, it will be old." 5. Conjunction.
And ... and ... Historical Records Biography of Wei: "I would like to take the head of General Wu and avenge my father."
6. Conjunction. It is equivalent to "or" in modern Chinese.
History of Eating Goods in Han Dynasty: "If there is a military service system, if there is a drought, the people will not be sleepy." 7. here, as for.
"Mandarin Five Words": "If you are sick, you will die." "If": the modal particle at the beginning of a sentence.
About ... means "As for ...". 8. What is it, Nye?
"Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong fifteen years": "Kou Shen, what if?" References:
If your answer is quoted from other places, please indicate the source.
4. Usage of function words "and", "if" and "then" in classical Chinese.
1. indicates a coordinate relationship. Generally, it is not translated, but sometimes it can be translated as "you"? .
1 Crab kneels six times with two claws, and there is nowhere to send it, unless it is a snake eel ("Persuade to Learn") ② Although the spire is firm and severe, one person can't force ten thousand people to defend it ("Difficult Road to Shu") ③ Save Zhao in the north, save Qin in the west, and attack this five tyrants ("Xinlingjun steals symbols to save Zhao") 2. Represents a progressive relationship. It can be translated as "and" or "and".
A gentleman is knowledgeable, but he can help himself. (Persuade) ② Chu Huaiwang was greedy for Zhang Yi, so he was completely out of order (Biography of Qu Yuan) ③ Looking back at the scenery of the sun, whether it was Xifeng, the sky, crimson or refuting color, it was all rolling (the record of climbing Mount Tai) ④ It was all in the depths of his mind (the record of traveling to the treasure toad mountain) 3. It shows the relationship of inheritance.
It can be translated into "Jiu" and "Then" or not. Therefore, I let you eat the capital, in order to fight for the land that Land Rover ("Chen Qingbiao") placed, and I drew my sword and cut it.
("The Hongmen Banquet") 3 If you are born without knowing, who can be confused ("Teacher Shuo") 4. Represents a turning point. It can be translated into "but" and "indeed".
Green, take it from blue, green is blue ("Encourage Learning") ② There is such a trend, but it was snatched away by the strength accumulated by the Qin people ("Six Kingdoms") ③ Believe it, and my brother died in Germany ("Chen Qingbiao") 5. Represents a hypothetical relationship. It can be translated as "if" and "if".
(1) If you are interested, you can also expect horses. ("Feng Wanzhen") (2) Death is known, and its geometric points ("Sacrifice to Twelve Lang Wen") (6). Represents a modifier, that is, an adverbial of connection.
There is no translation. I am looking forward to it after tasting it. I might as well learn from it. 2. Fill it up. Once I received my weapon, I abandoned my armor and left ("I was in the country"). 3. Xiang Wang pressed the sword and said, "Who is the guest?" ("Hongmen Banquet") 7. Expressing causality, I also regret that for a husband, traveling ("the trip to Baochan Mountain") will not be very pleasant. Expressing evil for his ability without using it (Battle of Red Cliffs) 8. Expressing the purpose relationship and expecting farsightedness (Epang Palace Fu) II. Be an official, seal the state treasury, and wait for a general.
Weng Gui counts his ears with you. Every time I talk about Yu Yue, I always say "somewhere, but its mother stands here" (Xuanzhi of the Neck and Ridge). (3) is like, like. (1) The army was surprised and bad.
(The Book of Tea) A modal particle just placed at the end of a sentence, which indicates restriction, is equivalent to "just right". Those who shake their heads and stamp their feet in a short time will only get dozens of people (Tiger Hill). (2) have heard of teaching, specializing in surgery, that's all (master teacher). I decided to fly and stopped with a gun, but it didn't happen. I just took control of the ground.
1) I try my best to die. (2) After March.
The situation is "what else", that is, to go further with a rhetorical question. Today, the clock is put in the water, although the wind and waves can't make sound.
And the situation is stone! (2) The skills are not bad, but the situation is good! (3) Although I am a fool, I know I can't do it, but I will soon have wisdom (Ten Thoughts of Taizong), for a while. (1) Wu Min rebellion please toward, five people ("five tomb tablet"). (2) When their bodies were buried in the well, they turned anger into sorrow. When they lost their hearts ("promoting knitting"), they appealed to their aunts that they loved their sons and could not resist them ("Liu Yi's story").
1. is equivalent to "Yu Zhi", "Yu Zhe" and "Yu Er". In a threesome, there must be a teacher.
("The Analects of Confucius") 2 Accumulated soil makes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous (from here). ("Persuasion") Five people, Gaidang Duke of Zhou, were arrested and died (this matter).
("Five Tomb Inscriptions") ③ Go to the present tomb for ten months and one month. ("Five Epitaphs") 2. Equivalent to "Yu He".
Translate it into "from where" and "from where". (1) How to place earthwork? (One Mountain in Gong Yu) If you don' t come again, how will you know? (3) How can the benevolent govern, and there is nothing for the people? ("History") 2 pronouns.
1. is equivalent to "Chi". ? (1) But when the husband sees the wind, he will get it.
("The Snake Catcher said") ② Ask the teacher questions. ("Shi Shuo") 2. Where and how.
Unknown life, how to know death (Analects of Confucius) ② How to cut a chicken (Analects of Confucius) (3) Modal particles. 1。
At the end of the sentence, modal particles, ah, ah. (1) with Dan and Jing Qing, beginning speed disaster.
("Six Kingdoms") 2 Don't lift a feather, don't contribute. (Qi Huan Jinwen Shi Zhi) 3 What about cattle and sheep? (History of Qi Huan) 2. As a modal particle in a sentence, it means pause and is equivalent to "ye".
I don't know what I'm reading, but I'm confused, or I don't know what I'm learning, or I don't know what I'm learning. I was left behind in elementary school. I was young, and the moon rose in Dongshan, wandering between bullfights (Red Cliff Fu). (1) Disks and vortices, honeycombs and vortices, I wonder if they will fall by tens of millions (Epang Palace Fu); (2) choose one or two among the rocks and draw lots (Shi Zhongshan Ji); Twelve. Use the preposition 1 to indicate the tool.
Take, use, take. I want to invite Eby with fifteen cities.
(Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) (2) Scholar-officials refused to spend the night on the boat. (Shi Zhongshan) 2. From.
Translation: by, by. Summon up the courage to smell the prince.
(Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) (2) For a long time, people can be distinguished by their footsteps. ("Selected Records of Ji Xiang") They are all good at rhetoric and are called Fu Jian.
(Biography of Qu Yuan) 3. Represents the object to be disposed of. Translation: play.
(1) I also worked hard when I fucked Sue. (Battle of Red Cliffs) 4. Indicates the time and place.
Translation: in, in, from. Cut into the city on August 13.
(2) In the summer of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, Huang Guan entered Huashan on foot from Beijing. If you return to China before the time, you will be dead by then.
5. Indicate the reason. Because because.
(1) Does Zhao Wang still bully Qin evil with stones? ("Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru") (2) The death of our county was an angry blow, and we dare not punish it again. ("Five Epitaphs") Wang Huai didn't know the difference between loyalty and ministers, but he was deceived by Zheng Xiu inside and bullied by Zhang Yi outside.
(Biography of Qu Yuan) 6. Expression basis. According to, according to, according to.
I am with a real school today. (Battle of Red Cliffs) (2) The other ships are inferior.
(Battle of Red Cliffs) Description: The object of the word "one" can sometimes be preceded.
5. The ancient meaning of the function word "Ruo" in classical Chinese is "Ruer".
Battle of Red Cliffs: "The trip turned upside down and the water returned to the sea." 2 and; Comparable.
Zou Ji satirizes Xu Shu, King of Qi: "Xu Gong is not beautiful." 3 you; You; Yours (ours).
Hongmen Banquet: "~ The road to life is long and its Xiu Yuan is awkward." The Snake Catcher said: "Take more clothes, take more clothes."
4 Like this; Here you are. "Qi Huan Jinwen Poetry": "Take what ~ does, seek what ~ wants, and seek fish near the wood."
(5) as for. Qi Huan Jinwen Poetry: "Man, there is no constant production, because there is no perseverance."
6 if; If. "The Battle of Dishes": "If you sneak into the division, the country can get it."
7 or; Or ... Hanshu? Food Note: "When there is military service ~ floods and droughts, the people are not sleepy."
8 seems to be; I think so. Peach Blossom Garden: "The mountain has a small mouth, which seems to have light."
Pet-name ruby is used as an adjective, meaning "the appearance of ...", and may not be translated. The Book of Songs? "Meng": "Mulberry has not fallen, its leaves can be fat ~"
If it is like a wooden flower. The name of the tree in the ancient myth of Ruomu.
Born at sunset, green leaves and red flowers. If time is with heaven.
When, at four o'clock; Good luck. 2. At this time.
3. At that time. If it belongs to you people.
If it is still "so". So ...
Ruo Ying Du Ruo's Flowers. If the flower of wood.
6. The ancient meaning of the function word "ruo" in classical Chinese is "ru". Battle of Red Cliffs: "Many people admire you, and the water belongs to the sea." 2 and; Comparable. Zou Ji satirizes Xu Shu, King of Qi: "Xu Gong doesn't admire the beauty of the monarch." 3 you; You; Yours Hongmen Banquet: Life is a long way to go, and it's Xiu Yuan. The snake catcher said, "More services, more blessings." "4 in this way; This. Qi Huan Jinwen said, "Do what you want, and you still want fish. ⑤ About Qi Huan's bronze inscription: People have no constant production, because there is no perseverance. 5 if; If. "The Battle of Dishes": If you sneak into the division, the country can get it. "7 or; Or ... Hanshu? Food: "When there is military service, the people are not sleepy. "Today seems to be; It seems to be the Peach Blossom Garden: "The mountain has a small mouth, as if there is light." ⑨ Used as an adjective, it means "the appearance of" ... "Meng": "The mulberry leaves are fat before they fall. "If it is the flower of wood, if it is the name of the tree in ancient mythology, it was born at sunset and the green leaves are in full bloom. If it conforms to heaven, it is four o'clock; Good luck. At this time. At that time. If it belongs to you people. If it is still "so". So ... If it is the flower of Du Ruo, England. If it is a flower in the forest.
7. 18 Usage and Examples of Function Words in Ancient Chinese [II. Harmony, Hue, Nai, Qi, Qi, Ruo, Suo, Wei, Yan, Ye, Yi, Yu, Zhe, Zhi ]: (1)
Translated as "he (she) (they)" and "it (they)". The public rides it and fights with spoons.
(Cao Gui Debate) (2) Chen Sheng assisted him and killed two commanders. (The Chen She Family) (3) Carnivores are welcome.
(Cao Gui Debate) Sometimes in the first person, translated as "I". For example, Qiu Gou thought he could teach and humiliated him, but he was lucky.
(Hanshu Taiwei Shangshumi) (2) Auxiliary words 1. Structural auxiliary words, translated into "de", some may not be translated. Such as: ① Taste the heart of the ancient benevolent people.
("Yueyang Tower") 2 Prisons, large and small, although unobservable, must have feelings. (Cao Gui Debate) 2. Structural auxiliary words, placed between subject and predicate, cancel the independence of sentences and do not translate.
Good medical care is the credit for not getting sick. ("Bian Que meets Cai Huangong") 2 Lotus flowers don't touch when they are alone.
("Ailian said") 3 I attacked Song with Wang Lizhi, which is similar to this. (Public Loss) 3. Syllable auxiliary words
Used to adjust syllables, meaningless, generally not translated. For example: ① The general drummed (Cao Gui debated) ② For a long time, his eyes seemed to be lost, and he was very idle (Wolf) ③ For a long time (Chen She family) 4. Structural auxiliary words are a sign that the object moves forward.
What's the problem? What was the sin of the Song Dynasty? ("Public Loss") 3. The people in the city are unknown. ("Travel Notes of Man Jing") 5. Structural auxiliary words are the sign of attributive postposition.
Such as: ① If you live in a high temple, you will worry about the people, and if you live in the rivers and lakes, you will worry about the king. ("Yueyang Tower") ② Looking north at the Yellow River.
(Hanshu Taiwei Shangshumi) (3) As a verb, it can be translated as "Zhi" and "Zhi". I want the South China Sea, what? (for learning) is mainly used as a conjunction, which can express the following relationship: L. The coordinate relationship is generally not translated, and sometimes it can be translated as "you".
For example: ① review the past and learn new things, and you can learn from Ten Analects of Confucius; Dongpo (the story of the nuclear ship) is a proud man; 2. Inheritance relationship can be translated into "JIU" and "Jie" or not. Such as: ① Bian Que left in anticipation ("Bian Que meets Cai Huangong") ② Wei Jianting rose to the top, captured and killed the captain ("The Chen She Family") ③ He was defeated by the ring.
The previous "harmony" means to undertake the relationship. How much help you get from the Tao, how much help you get from the Tao. 3. The turning point is translated as "but", "but" and "but".
I don't know the strangeness of the Western Hills. (At the beginning of the banquet on the Journey to the West) (2) Love the lotus flower alone, without touching the mud, and the ripples are clear but not demon ... You can look at it from a distance, but you can't play with it (The Legend of Ailian) (3) You want to believe that righteousness is above the world, but your wisdom is short-lived (Long Zhong Dui) (4) You are defeated by the ring.
The latter word "and" indicates a turning point. "If you get more help, if you lose it, you will get less help." 4. Progressive relationship, translated as "harmony" and "or not".
For example: ① less drunk, but the oldest, so it is called Zuiweng Ye (Zuiweng Pavilion); (2) learn from time to time, and speak well (ten articles in The Analects of Confucius); 5. Modifying relationships can be translated into "ground" and "zhe" or not. (1) Hequ laughs when it's wrong ("Gong Yu Mountain") (2) Giving and traveling.
The preposition 1 is used to introduce the reasons for action and behavior, which can be translated as "because" and "because". For example: ① Don't rejoice in things, don't grieve for yourself (the story of Yueyang Tower); ② In the past, Emperor Jian was chosen as an example to leave your majesty (the former "took" as a reason, and the latter "took" as a purpose. )
(3) Fu Su used the theory of remonstrance to make ambassadors abroad (Chen She family) 2. Introduce the conditions on which the action depends, which can be translated as "relying on" and "relying on". (1) can't make the best use of everything (Ma Shuo); (2) You can't destroy a hair of a mountain with the strength of your remaining years (Yugong Mountain); (3) People in the territory don't take the border, the country doesn't take the risks of mountains and rivers, and the world doesn't take the benefits of military revolution (chapter 2 of Mencius); (3) The way of expressing actions can be translated as "Ba" and "He".
Such as: ① Kill fear and throw bones (wolves); (2) then allow the first emperor to drive away the pool (the teacher's watch); (3) take advantage of people's escape and wait for the water (Xiajiang Temple full flying pavilion); ② Conjunction 1. It is equivalent to the word "lai" in modern Chinese, such as: ① means to enter the tunnel to attack the future. For example: ① It is not advisable to sell yourself short and quote nonsense to block the way of loyal ministers (for example); (2) to hurt the wisdom of the first emperor (for example); 3. Sometimes it is equivalent to the conjunction "er".
For example: ① There are no donkeys in Guizhou, but there are donkeys with good intentions on board; (2) get drunk and lie prone on the pillow (Travel Notes of Xishan Banquet at the beginning); And (3) "Yi" can also be used as a verb (notional word) and can be translated as "Xiang". Such as: ① The first emperor did not treat his ministers with meanness, and his accusation was self-defeating (Example); (2) Wu Wei see the huns, respectfully.
The conjunction "although" has two main uses in classical Chinese. 1. means hypothesis, which can be translated as "even if".
For example: ① Although 1,000 Li Fu dared to change things, it was more than 500 Li Zai ("Tang Ju lived up to his mission"); (2) Ride against the wind without getting sick (Three Gorges); 2. indicates a turning point, which can be translated as "although". For example, although I'm a fool, I've heard about it (preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to Yang). The pronoun (1) is indicative and translated as "like this" and "like this".
Such as: ① Fathers benefit themselves naturally (Shang) ② It is believed. Then I know that this mountain is unique.
(Travel Notes at the Beginning of the Western Hills Banquet) (2) Conjunction, which indicates a turning point and is translated into "however" and "but". However, the ghost of the first step (Chen She Family) However, the ambition is not over yet.
(Longzhongdui) (3) Modal auxiliary words can be divided into three situations: 1. Used after adjectives as suffixes, translated as "…". Such as: although promised ("Yu Gong Yi Shan") 2. Used at the end of the word, translated as "the appearance of ...".
To the east of Linchuan, there is a hidden but high place. ("Mo Chi Ji") 2 Those who look at it are deep and beautiful.
(Zuiweng Pavilion) 3. Used at the end of a sentence, it is often used with "such as" and "if" to form the format of "ruran" and "ruran", which is equivalent to "and" as if ".