Li He [Tang Dynasty]
Enemy soldiers rolled in like dark clouds in an attempt to tear down the city wall; Our army was ready, and the sun shone on the armor, glittering with gold. (working towards the sun: working towards the moon)
In autumn, the loud bugle sounded; The soldier's blood became dark in the night. (Before filling: filling)
The red flag rolled half, and the reinforcements rushed to Xiao; The night frost is heavy and the drums are gloomy.
I want to report to you on the golden platform, and I want to take Yulong to your death.
Translation:
Enemy soldiers rolled in like dark clouds, trying to destroy the city wall; The soldiers' armor sparkled in the sun. The bugle sounded in the autumn sky, and the blood of frontier soldiers turned purple in the cold night. The red flag is half-rolled, and reinforcements rush to Xiao; The night is frosty and the drums are gloomy. In order to repay the monarch's reward and love, he is willing to fight for his country to the death with a sword in his hand.
Precautions:
Wild goose gate satrap: the title of ancient Yuefu. Yanmen, county name. Guyanmen County, located in the northwest of Shanxi Province, is the junction of the Tang Dynasty and the northern Turkic tribes. Dark clouds: This describes that the smoke and dust of the war are overwhelming and diffuse near the border town, and the atmosphere is very tense. Destruction: destruction. Jiaguang: refers to the flash of armor to the sun. Golden scales: It means like golden scales. This sentence describes the tense atmosphere and critical situation in Enemy at the Gates. Armor light: the light emitted by armor against the sun. Armor refers to armor and battle clothes. Facing the sun: facing the sun. Another version says "Go to the Moon". Orientation: orientation, orientation. Golden scales: (Armor) Shines like golden scales. Gold: The color is like gold. Open: Open and expand. Horn: A wind instrument in the ancient army, mostly made of animal horns, was also a horn in the ancient army. Stuffed with fat to coagulate the night purple: fat swallowing, that is, rouge, means that the mud coagulates like rouge in the dusk. Deep purple in the twilight. Coagulation, coagulation. Yan Zhi and Purple at Night suggest the bloodiness on the battlefield. Professor: Approaching, arriving, approaching. Yishui: the name of the river, a tributary of the upper reaches of the Daqing River, originated in Yixian County, Hebei Province, and flowed southeast into the Daqing River. Xiao is far from the fortress, so Jing Ke's story is used to express the tragic significance. Sorry: it means the drum is low. The frost is heavy and the drum is cold: the first frost is cold, and the drum is stuffy and silent. No sound: describe the low drum sound; Not loud. This sentence is written as "first frost can't afford to get cold." Report: repayment. Huang Jintai: It is located in the southeast of Yixian County, Hebei Province. It is said that it was built in Yan Zhaowang during the Warring States Period. Meaning: trust and reuse. Yulong: the name of the sword. Jun: The king.
Appreciate:
During the mid-Tang Dynasty, wars between and against vassals came one after another and never ended. All kinds of rumors in the war come from the battlefield full of flames, including news of failure and news of victory; There are cowardly losers and heroes who fight for their country. Li He, a poet who cares about the fate of the country, naturally cares about wars everywhere. When he left Beijing, his hometown with beautiful scenery, and went to Xinzhou and Yanmen, he wrote this famous poem, which will be told through the ages.
The first two sentences of this poem are intended to exaggerate the atmosphere and outline the tension of war for readers. The first sentence uses "dark clouds" to describe the fierce enemy, then uses the verb "pressure" to describe this situation, and then uses the word "destroy" to make up for this fierce enemy, which directly depicts the dangerous situation. The second sentence says that our military capability is clean, our military strength is dignified, and we have the spirit of staying calm in times of crisis. The pictures of these two sentences are vivid and touching: under the rolling black clouds, fierce enemy troops come to my lonely city, which is likely to destroy the city; However, our soldiers are fearless and dressed in armor; In the sunshine, glittering and magnificent, is preparing to attack. At the beginning of the poem, the contrast shows the critical situation and the heroism of our soldiers.
Three or four sentences further exaggerate the tragic atmosphere from two aspects: sound and color. Horn blare, originally is a very sad voice; Now echoing in the bleak autumn, it is naturally more tragic. Start with the sound here. "Stuffing with fat to coagulate night purple" is a contrast in color. At this time, the battlefield was covered with blood, showing dark purple under the condensation of dusk, adding a tragic color to this tragic picture.
"Half-rolled red flag is near Yishui" and "half-rolled" have extremely rich meanings. Marching in the dark, to stop it, is to "surprise, attack unprepared": "coming to Yishui" not only shows the location of the battle, but also implies that the soldiers have a strong pride of "the wind blows and the water cools, and the strong men are gone forever" Then describe the bitter battle scene: as soon as the rescue troops approached the enemy camp, they beat gongs and drums and cheered and went into battle. But the night is so cold and frosty that even the drums can't move. Faced with many difficulties, the soldiers were not discouraged.
The above six sentences are based on heavy colors: black and purple, and decorated with purple and red, so that the artistic conception of the poem enters people's eyes in a low tone. With harsh horns and dumb drums, a tragic sound is introduced into people's eardrums. Sound and color set each other off, making the tragic atmosphere more intense and moving.
After rendering the atmosphere, the poet let his hero appear. "I want to report to you on the golden platform, and I want to take Yulong to your death." Huang Jintai was built in southeast Xiao during the Warring States Period. It is said that he once put a lot of gold on the stage, saying that he would not hesitate to spend a lot of money to attract scholars from all over the world. The poet quoted this story to express the soldiers' determination to serve the court.
Generally speaking, it is not appropriate to write tragic and tragic battle scenes with colorful words, and almost every sentence of Li He's poems has bright colors, such as gold, rouge and purple, which are not only bright but also rich in color. They are intertwined with black, autumn and jade white, forming a colorful picture. A poet, like a talented painter, is particularly good at coloring, expressing things with color, and touching people with color, not just sketching the outline. When he writes poetry, he seldom uses the technique of drawing lines, and always paints things with various novel and heavy colors with the help of imagination, which effectively shows their multi-level nature. Sometimes, in order to make the picture more vivid, he also mixed some things with different or even contradictory nature, making them parallel and dislocated, forming a strong contrast. For example, the dark clouds over the city symbolize the arrogance of the enemy, and the brilliance of the sun shows the heroic attitude of the soldiers guarding the city. The contrast between the two is bright, the color is bright, and the love and hate are clear. Li He's poems are not only wonderful, but also appropriate. Strangeness and appropriateness are the basic characteristics of his poetry creation. This poem, colorful and mottled, depicts a tragic and tragic battle scene, which is bizarre; However, this colorful and peculiar picture accurately shows the frontier fortress scenery and the rapidly changing war situation at a specific time and place, which is very appropriate. Only its strangeness makes it more novel; Only when it is appropriate can it feel true; Strange and just right, thus forming a muddy and emotional artistic conception. This is Li He's unique skill in writing poems, which is both valuable and valuable to him.
Many of Li He's poems are difficult to understand, but this one has different interpretations, but there is no agreement. The understanding of poetry is also very different.
After this short poem, it is said that the enemy Xiao is not afraid of danger and will die with his sword? Its theme is really related to fighting. However, the first four sentences are mainly about scenery, except that "Guang Jia" and "the sound of the horn" indicate that there are soldiers here, and there is no clear description of siege and breakthrough. Therefore, the differences in interpretation are mostly due to the different experiences of "suggestion". Although the implication is beyond the words, it still comes from words. A poem accumulates words into sentences, and sentences into articles, becoming an internally related whole. The first four sentences of this poem are quite difficult to understand, but the last four sentences are quite clear. Explain the last four sentences clearly, and then look back at the first four sentences, the meaning of the whole article is not difficult to understand.
Look at the last four sentences first. "Half-rolled red flag near Yishui" implies that there was a marching process before "near Yishui". "Half-rolled red flag" is to reduce resistance, which is a feature of marching, such as "half-rolled red flag going out of Yuanmen". The word "pro" also shows the momentum of marching. So, did you meet the enemy after Lin Yishui? If so, what is the strength comparison? Who is the situation in favor of? All this is not described positively in the last three sentences, but the implication is clear: First, "facing yi river" means that progress is blocked, which reminds people of "Song of yi river": "The wind blows and the water cools, and the strong man is gone forever." Second, drumming is marching, but "heavy frost and cold drums" imply the seriousness of the war situation through unfavorable natural conditions. Third, at the end of the two sentences, it is self-evident that the Lord will go into battle with his sword and swear to repay his debt with death, then the enemy is now.
The first sentence is marked "black" on the "cloud", and the atmosphere is already very heavy. And this "dark cloud" has "crushed the city" and even "the city is going to be destroyed", which is obviously symbolic. The word "black" on the "cloud" is naturally not used to symbolize our army but the enemy. The enemy's siege is so fierce that our army has only deus ex's chance. "A bright light shines on the sun" is in sharp contrast with the previous sentence in color and form. It obviously contains joy and praise, of course, referring to our army. At first, the city was surrounded by dark clouds, and then the dark clouds collapsed and the sun was shining. The shining armor of our soldiers is like golden scales in the sun, dazzling. In other words, we fought our way out and defeated the enemy.
One or two sentences about siege and breakthrough constitute a unit of meaning. The following eight sentences are written to pursue the victory until the enemy reaches Xiao, which is the meaning of another unit. Horn, an ancient military instrument. There is a record of "blowing the horn and withdrawing troops" in the biography of the northern history of Jiande Wang Yanzong. Looking at the context, the phrase "the horn is full of autumn colors" is based on virtual realism. Show the magnificent scene of the enemy retreating and chasing in the reader's imagination. The word "night" in "blocking rouge and setting night purple" takes care of the word "day" in the first sentence, indicating that the breakthrough has been long, and the two sides are fighting each other. "Put on rouge", the old explanation quoted in Notes on Ancient and Modern Times, "Qin built the Great Wall, so it was called Zisai", is generally good. Closely following the "horn sound" and "autumn color" to describe the red and purple of the earth, people can't help but want to see the bloodiness of the war; Adding a word "coagulation" before "purple" further strengthens this association.
From "day" to "night" or even "frost" in the middle of the night, the pursuers had already arrived in Yishui, and the enemy naturally arrived in Yishui first. The pursuers followed, and if the enemy wants to cross the water, it may be that the whole army will re-serve, so it can only be the last fight. At the thought of Han Xin's backwater array, I knew how severe the situation facing the pursuer was! It is a reflection of this grim situation that the drum can't afford to fight, and the Lord swears to death. As for the result of a quick victory, let readers imagine it. Poets use special artistic techniques to express their unique artistic imagination, or use symbols, hints, or contrasts, or use virtual reality, sound visualization, and exchange parts for the whole, leaving readers with too broad imagination space, so readers' understanding varies from person to person.
The outstanding features of Li He's poems are novel images, bright colors, novel shapes and rich imagination. In Wild Goose Gate, these characteristics are fully and fully reflected. Take the last two sentences as an example to see how he pays attention to color setting and modeling. These two sentences say that the monarch will repay his kindness and he will fight to the death, but there is no conceptual language. The external image and internal activities of the monarch are highlighted through modeling and coloring. During the Warring States Period, Yan Zhaowang once built a platform to attract talents, because it was called "Huang Jintai". Jade Dragon was used as a sword in the Tang Dynasty. Gold and white jade are cherished by the world because of their texture and color. "Dragon" is a noble animal in ancient legends, and "Huang Jintai" is a symbol of longing for talents. The poet chose the shapes of "Jade Dragon" and "Huang Jintai", and wrote the poem "The Golden Platform repays the emperor's wishes and asks Jade Dragon to die for him", and the image of an energetic Lord came into view. His noble spirit of dying for his country and the monarch's virtue of attaching importance to talents give readers a strong and beautiful feeling.
Li he
Li He (about 790 AD-about 8 17) was born in Fuchang, Henan Province (now yiyang county, Luoyang, Henan Province) in the Tang Dynasty. He lived in Fuchangchang Valley, later called Li Changgu, and was a descendant of Li Liang, the imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty. Known as "Shi Gui", he was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, as well as Du Fu, Li Bai, Shi Fo and Wang Wei. He is the author of Long Valley Collection. Li He was a romantic poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty, and he was also called "Sanli" in Tang Dynasty with Li Bai and Li Shangyin. There is a saying that "talents are too white and talents are too long." Li He is another famous romantic poet in the history of China literature after Qu Yuan and Li Bai. Li He has been depressed and sentimental for a long time, and his life style is bitter. In the eighth year of Yuanhe (8 13), he resigned as a gift officer and returned to Changgu due to illness. He died young at the age of 27.