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My hometown is so far away that I can't see the edge. When the sun goes down and dusk comes, I go alone.
The mountains and rivers here, Yuan Ye, made me lose my hometown. I walked alone and finally entered a remote town.
The wisps of smoke from the garrison building outside the city have disappeared into view, and the mountains and forests look blurred.
Why is my heart full of infinite melancholy at this time, and I only hear the chirping of apes at night?
works appreciation
Most of his poems are famous for their profound thoughts and simplicity, but this poem is unique in Chen's poems because of its blending of scenes and lasting charm, which deserves attention. This shows that Chen Ziang's artistic talent is various.
"The hometown is boundless and the sunset is lonely." The poet in the first couplet was written from his hometown and inherited from the sunset, which set a sentimental mood for the whole poem to express "I only look at my hometown and the twilight fades" (Cui Hao's Yellow Crane Tower). The "boundless" in the first sentence is related to the action of looking back. Although it is Fu, it is out of deep affection. The second sentence takes "solitary sign" as the inheritance of "sunset". The sunset is miserable enough on the road, let alone a person, which is even more bleak. Peel off the following layers and write down a very strong homesickness with a faint pen.
The third sentence inherits the first sentence, and the fourth sentence inherits the second sentence, which makes the feeling of loneliness in a foreign land more concrete. The "old country" in three sentences is the "hometown" in the first sentence. I can't see my hometown, and the rivers and plains I see in front of me are all strange sights, which fascinates me. The "border town" in four sentences refers to a remote city. Lexiang County belonged to Chu State in the pre-Qin period and was a remote place in the Central Plains. "Road", that is, the road of "solitary levy" in the second sentence, finally came to Lexiang City in the twilight.
Then, the poet looked around and wrote a thick night with "broken smoke" and "flat wood", which was very realistic. The cigarette was not broken by itself, but was interrupted by the night; The wood was not really flat, but was flattened by the night. In particular, the word "Ping" is used wonderfully. When Xiao Liang was talking about poetry, Zhong Rong had the so-called "natural English purport" (see Preface to Poetry). The clever and intensive use of the word "Ping" can be said to be the poet's masterstroke, which has won the natural English purport. The beauty of these two sentences is that while writing about the scenery, they also peel off the poet's homesickness. "Wild smoke prevention" and "ancient trees in the mountains" were originally a poor comfort on the lonely expedition road, but at this time they will be swallowed up by the night. Needless to say, with the arrival of the night, the poet's homesickness is getting stronger and stronger.
After writing the above six sentences, the poet has not clearly expressed his feelings. But when he faced the lonely night, his long-suffering feelings could no longer be controlled. A lyrical rhetorical question "How to hate at this time" naturally gurgled out of the overflowing heart lake under the impetus of emotional waves. The poet felt that nothing moved him more than the "cooing" sound of apes in the mountains. The poet asked himself and answered, put away his pen and ink, poured his feelings into the scene and wrote the last sentence of the scene blending. After dusk, it gradually becomes quiet, and the crying is bound to be clear and sad, making the poem deeper and longer and expressing endless homesickness.
Judging from the artistic image of the whole poem, the first six sentences appeal to vision, the last one appeals to hearing, and sounds again outside the picture, thus making the simple image have infinite significance. As mentioned earlier, this poem has a long rhyme, which is precisely manifested in the fact that the last sentence contains feelings in the scenery and ends with sound. Need to point out by the way, the last poem is from Shen Yue's poem "Shitang Laise Listening to Apes" in the Southern Dynasties, with the same literal meaning, but written in different situations. Because Chen Ziang is better at employing people than his predecessors, this poem is widely circulated, but little is known about Shen Yue's original poem.
Looking at the structure of the whole poem, it is connected by time as a clue. "Sunset" in the second sentence is the beginning of time; The description of "broken smoke" and "flat wood" in the middle shows that the night is getting thicker; Choose the word "night" directly at the end of the sentence to end the whole poem. The whole article can be divided into two parts: scenery writing and lyric. The first six sentences are about scenery, and the last two sentences are lyrical. According to the needs of lyricism, poets express their feelings by painting into poems and writing scenes, which are connected with each other and naturally close. Thirdly, a rhetorical sentence is inserted into the seventh sentence, which makes the structure of the poem get the beauty of opening and closing turbulence, and the flow and change in rigor are also very interesting. Finally, the sentence answered is the conclusion. At first glance, this is just a question. After careful consideration, we can find that the word "ape singing" in the sentence "yeah" is far from the word "ancient trees in the mountains" in the previous sentence, and the word "night" is related to the title "sunset", and the artistic conception of "night ape singing" accords with the nostalgia of the title. Sentence communication, word association, strict but not dead, alive but not chaotic.
To sum up, this poem has exquisite brushwork and complete structure. Because it uses the technique of expressing feelings in the scenery, it also has the characteristics of containing but not revealing. Compared with the bold and unconstrained brushwork on the Youzhou rostrum, these are naturally very different. But it also enables readers to have a more comprehensive glimpse of the poet's rich personality and various artistic talents.
source
Late period of Lexiang County, Chen Ziang
original text
The hometown is vast and the sunset is lonely.
Chuanyuan lost his old country and entered the border town.
The wilderness is broken and the mountains are ancient and flat.
How to hate this time, the night apes sing.
Keyword annotation
Time: stay. Lexiang County: The place name belongs to Xiangzhou, Shannan Road in the Tang Dynasty, so the old city is 90 miles north of Jingmen, Hubei Province.
(Y O): It's a long way. International: Marginal.
Sunset: When the sun is about to set. Loneliness sign: traveling alone. Lonely, lonely. A trip.
Chuanyuan: a garden with mountains and rivers. Obsessed with the old country; Lost my hometown. Lost, lost country, hometown.
Border town: a remote town.
"shù" sentence: the wild garrison refers to the field garrison. Wild smoke, smoke in the wilderness. Cut off, cut off, stop.
Ping: This means that the scene has not changed, and it is very vague.
How: Why, why. Hate: melancholy.
Ji ao: Howl, here refers to the cry of an ape.
Creation background
This poem was written in Tang Gaozong's Lu Dao period (679-68 1). Judging from the situation written in the poem, this article was written by the poet on his way from Shu to Chu, from his hometown of Shu to the east and passing through Lexiang County.
Brief introduction of the author
Chen Ziang (about AD 66 1 ~ 702) was a writer in the Tang Dynasty and one of the innovative figures in poetry and prose in the early Tang Dynasty. Word Apollo, Han nationality, Zizhou Shehong (now Sichuan) people. As a former right gleaner, he was later called Chen gleaner. Shi Liguang Fu Jinshi, Wu Zetian Chao Lintai orthography, right addendum. After being dismissed from his post and returning to China, he died of grief and indignation. There are more than *** 100 existing poems, of which 38 are the most representative, and 7 are presented to the collection of Lujushi in Qiuji and published in Youzhou Tower.