Classical Chinese can be roughly divided into words and sentences. Among them, words include content words and function words; Sentences can be divided into five categories: judgmental sentences, passive sentences, inverted sentences, ellipsis sentences and fixed sentences.
It is the basis of learning classical Chinese to master the language structure of classical Chinese systematically and understand its differences and connections with modern Chinese. Second, correctly break sentences.
There are no punctuation marks in ancient Chinese characters, so how to break sentences directly affects the understanding of the content of the article. The following points should be paid attention to in correctly breaking sentences: understanding keywords and judging the relationship between words; Understand a certain appreciation of ancient culture; Master the rules of dialogue, reporting and quotation in the text; According to the words at the beginning and end of the sentence and the idioms in the sentence.
Third, learn the correct translation methods. The principles of classical Chinese translation are: faithful to the original text, stereotyped words, literal translation as the main, free translation as the auxiliary.
The following points should be paid attention to in translation: supplement the omitted parts; Adjust the word order; Increase or decrease appropriately. Fourth, repeat reading.
As the saying goes, if you read a book a hundred times, its meaning will show itself. Reading more books can cultivate a sense of language and achieve the purpose of reading other ancient works skillfully.
In addition, classical Chinese pays great attention to the inner rhythm and rhythm, and repeated reading can fully appreciate the musical beauty of the works and improve the interest in learning.
2. How to memorize classical Chinese quickly Before reciting classical Chinese, you must read the translation carefully with reference to the original text in order to understand the content and ideas of the original text.
Recite by referring to the translation
Read the original text first, then read the translation with reference to the original text, and then recall the corresponding original text according to the words and sentences in the translation. Repeatedly, it is simple and efficient to practice ancient translation and compare ancient and modern morphology and syntax.
(2) Break the whole into parts
On the basis of understanding the content of the original text, divide the article into several meaningful paragraphs, remember their main ideas respectively, recite and decompose them one by one according to the main ideas. The advantage of doing this is that you can clearly grasp the ideas and levels of the original text and combine understanding with recitation.
3 copy and recite.
This is a method of reciting by using eyes, mouth, hands and heart comprehensively, while copying and reading. "Writing once is better than reading ten times" makes you familiar, familiar with the mantra, familiar with your hands and familiar with your heart. Not only did you memorize the article, but also your understanding deepened.
④ Grasp three points.
For long natural paragraphs, we can grasp three keys to recite: the first word of the paragraph; The first and last sentences of the paragraph; The central idea of the paragraph. Grasp these three points tightly and read the paragraph quickly, so you can remember the paragraph quickly.
3. How to quickly memorize the first day of classical Chinese: To memorize classical Chinese specially, you need to memorize many articles. Take version H as an example, there are 19 ancient poems of China (including seven-step poems and three ancient poems) and 32 ancient poems. Students can basically recite it, but they can't omit words, add words, change words or reverse the word order.
Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of senior high school entrance examination, dictation should be meticulous, accurate, word for word, profound in understanding and flexible in application. Step 1: Read aloud.
Reading is really a good way to recite. In your own Xiaotian, you might as well read ancient poems aloud for more than five times in a row. On the one hand, reading can strengthen your familiarity with the article. On the other hand, with the increase of reading times, you will gradually deepen your understanding of the content of the article, that is, your own feelings and experiences about the article, and have a deeper understanding of the author's purpose in writing this article. This is what the ancients said: "Reading a hundred times is self-evident".
In addition, with the deepening of reading, you will better understand the meaning of each sentence. Some students will immediately understand the meaning of an ancient Chinese sentence, which is the result of being quite familiar with ancient Chinese. This step is well done and lays a good foundation for the translation of the following sentences. Step 2: Recite aloud.
On the basis of reading aloud in front, you can now forget the book completely and recite it aloud. You will find that the first and second times are a bit stiff, and the third and fourth times are quite smooth. By the fifth and sixth time, you have completely mastered the full text, and there will be no missing words, adding words or reversing the word order. It's hard for you to recite wrong at this time. In these two steps, reading aloud is the key, because reading aloud is the repetition of human memory function, which can play a dual role in memory, and reading aloud also enables students to find and check their mistakes at any time.
Especially for some students with poor reciting accuracy, reciting aloud is the best solution. The third step: after reciting the article, it is to ensure the correct rate of words.
At this time, you can pick up the book again, read it line by line, and practice the words that are easy to write mistakes several times to ensure that you don't change your words or write typos. This step is the crowning touch. If you can't do it well, your previous efforts will be in vain and you should take it seriously. Step 4: Sketch out every famous sentence of China's ancient poems (such as "Worry before the world, happiness after the world"), reveal the key sentence of the theme and center (such as "I am humble, but I am virtuous and fragrant"), and describe the landscape environment (such as "trees and vines, swaying and swaying").
In order to understand the need of memory, recite these sentences and understand their functions in the text. Step 5: Do some understandable reciting questions, chew the requirements of the stem carefully, grasp the key words and think about what to answer, and pay attention to the possibility of making some subtle changes when answering questions.
For example, the sentence "An refused to ask for relocation" is different from the sentence "Tang Ju refused to ask for relocation", and students are easily confused. This question should be answered by grasping the word "reason". The answers should be "I am willing to stick to it, but I dare to change" and "An Lingjun is afraid of changing, but not right." Other words are not reasons, so I won't write them.
Step 6: It is relatively simple to understand the comprehensible recitation of an ancient China poem; It is much more difficult to find sentences that meet the stem requirements in all articles. This can only require students to accumulate more and be more proficient. For example, accumulate some sentences describing scenery, cruelty of war, peace-loving, carefree mood, natural environment, friendship and so on. Classify, consciously and gradually expand your collection, think more about a few poems when answering questions, and then choose the sentence that best meets the requirements of the topic, so as to ensure foolproof.
In addition, forming a good habit of accumulating poems is also one of the necessary lessons to form your rich cultural accumulation. These poems can also be quoted in writing to add color to the article. The next day: mastering the content words of classical Chinese has always been an easy part of the classical Chinese exam. Some students have mastered most of the content words, but the accuracy will be discounted. Let's sort it out lesson by lesson.
First of all, sort out some special notional words: common words, typical ancient and modern different meanings, flexible use of parts of speech, and polysemy, so that one can broaden one's thinking and improve one's migration ability, and the other is to master them firmly and remember them deeply. Secondly, sort out some content words that are not special but very important: the content words that are still alive and in use in modern Chinese and the content words in the notes under the book.
The arrangement of this part is very important, because the mastery of content words is not only necessary for reading classical Chinese in class, but also necessary for reading classical Chinese outside class. Only by mastering the exact meaning of each notional word and understanding its polysemy can our consciousness of classical Chinese be gradually formed, so that we can draw inferences when reading classical Chinese after class and lay a solid foundation for further study of classical Chinese in senior high school. In addition, it is worth mentioning that when sorting out the explanations of content words, the notes in the textbook should prevail and should not be ambiguous.
The third day: the translation of classical Chinese sentences is actually based on the understanding of the whole article, so when I read the article on the first day, I laid a good foundation for sentence translation. At the same time, sentence translation should pay special attention to the understanding of the key notional words in the sentence, so that the arrangement of notional words the next day lays a foundation for it, so sentence translation is much easier.
On the basis of comprehensive translation of the text, students may wish to focus on sorting out these classical Chinese sentences lesson by lesson: first, sort out the famous aphorisms in the text to reflect the key sentences with the central theme. Secondly, sort out sentences with sentence transformation in the text, such as inverted sentences and ellipsis sentences.
Third, sort out sentences with ambiguity and flexible parts of speech. Finally, the sentences with fixed format and common format are sorted out.
It is worth mentioning that sentence translation is based on mastering the content words in classical Chinese and understanding the meanings of several key content words in sentences.
4. How to memorize ancient Chinese quickly? First of all, we must establish confidence and believe that we can remember.
Secondly, sort out words, clarify the meaning (content) of ancient Chinese, and understand memory. You can also look for the laws in ancient Chinese, such as rhyme and intertextuality, and remember them accordingly. Of course, some words in ancient Chinese are difficult to read, and you need to conquer them sentence by sentence and memorize them repeatedly. In terms of time arrangement, you can choose to remember a few words in the morning, afternoon and evening according to your own situation, and recite the words you can remember last time before each start. This repetition should be no problem. Also, you can ask your friends to write with you, remind each other and check together, so that you can remember it quickly.
That's all I can say. Let's go