1. Trees:
The ups and downs of the tree: the ups and downs and smoothness of career and life
Yellow leaves: withering, mature beauty and slow metabolism
< p> Green leaves: vitality, hope and vitalityBamboo: 'positive integrity'
Willow: farewell, nostalgic and sentimental about the beauty of spring
Red leaves: a symbol of love, Later, he used the finger to express his feelings through poetry.
2. Flowers and plants:
Flowers bloom: hope for the brilliance of youthful life
Flowers fall: withering, frustration in life, career setbacks, cherishing spring’s nostalgia for beautiful things , remembrance.
Peach blossom: symbolizing beauty
Orchid: noble and pure
Peony: wealth and beauty
Grass: strong vitality, endless hope, desolate and remote Hate the humble identity and status
Grain and millet: the sorrow of millet and separation (the current prosperity and past decline of the country)
The three friends (pine, bamboo and plum) and chrysanthemum symbolize the nobleness of people.
Red bean: Acacia bean, which refers to the token of love between men and women, and is a metaphor for the love or friendship between men and women. It comes from Wang Wei's poem "Lovesickness": "Red beans grow in the South. When spring comes, a few branches will appear. I advise you to pick more. This is the most lovesick thing." The poet expressed his nostalgia for his friends through red beans born in the South.
Chrysanthemum: reclusive, noble and refined. Chrysanthemum: Although chrysanthemum cannot be compared with the beautiful peony, nor can it be compared with the orchid that is worth a hundred times, but as a flower of pride, it has always been loved by literati. Lai, some people praise it for its strong character, while others appreciate its noble temperament. Qu Yuan's "Li Sao": "Drinking magnolias in the morning are like falling dew, and eating autumn chrysanthemums in the evening are like falling flowers." The poet symbolizes his noble character and purity by drinking dew and eating flowers. "Chrysanthemums" by Yuan Zhen of the Tang Dynasty: "Autumn bushes surround the house like Tao's house, and the fence is gradually sloping. It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred among flowers. There will be no flowers when these flowers are in bloom." It expresses the poet's pursuit of steadfastness and noble character. Others "I would rather die holding the fragrance on the branches than blowing down among the flowers" ("Cold Chrysanthemum" by Zheng Sixiao of the Song Dynasty), "The lonely east fence is wet with dew, and the gold in front shines on the sand" ("Two Chrysanthemums after the Double Ninth Festival" by Fan Chengda of the Song Dynasty) In other poems, chrysanthemums are used to express the poet's spiritual quality. The chrysanthemum here has undoubtedly become a portrayal of the poet's personality.
Plum: Aoxue is strong and unyielding in adversity
Plum: Plum blossoms are the first to bloom in the severe cold, and then lead to the fragrance of brilliant flowers. Therefore, plum blossoms, like chrysanthemums, are favored by poets. Admiration and praise. "Plum Blossom" by Chen Liang of the Song Dynasty: "One flower suddenly changes first, and hundreds of flowers are fragrant later." The poet grasped the characteristics of plum blossoms that bloom first, and wrote about the quality of not being afraid of setbacks and daring to be the first in the world. Chant yourself. Wang Anshi's "Plum Blossoms": "You know it is not snow from a distance, because there is a secret fragrance coming." The poem not only describes the plum blossoms that spread far due to the wind, but also implicitly expresses the purity and whiteness of the plum blossoms, achieving an artistic effect of both fragrance and color. Lu You's famous poem "Ode to Plum Blossoms": "It fell into mud and was crushed into dust, but only the fragrance remains the same." He used plum blossoms to describe his miserable misfortune and his unwillingness to join in the misfortune.
In "Mo Mei" written by Wang Mian of the Yuan Dynasty: "Don't let people praise the good color, just leave the pure energy to fill the world." It also uses the pure and pure plum blossoms to reflect one's unwillingness to be complicit in the quality of the poem. The words are simple but the meaning is profound.
Lotus: Since "Lotus" and "Pity" have the same sound, there are many poems about Lotus in ancient poems to express love. For example, "Xizhou Song" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "In autumn, lotus flowers are collected in Nantang, and the lotus flowers exceed people's heads; I lower my head to pick up lotus seeds, and the lotus seeds are as green as water." "Lotus seeds" means Qiu Lengzi", and "green" means "qing". This is also a literal description. The fictitious writing, semantic pun, and homophonic pun rhetoric are used to express a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of her love. "Forty-two Midnight Songs" of Jin Dynasty, No. 35: "The mist and dew hide the hibiscus, and you can see the lotus." The lotus is not clear. ''The mist and dew have hidden the true face of the lotus, and the lotus leaves are visible but not very clear. This is also a method of using homophonic puns to describe a woman who vaguely feels that her man is in love with her.
The maturity of plums is used as a metaphor for a girl's youth, such as "leaning against the door and looking back, sniffing the green plums" (Li Qingzhao's "Red Lips").
Lilac refers to sad thoughts or complexes, such as "Since I left Nanpu, I have been worried about seeing lilac knots" (Mediocre Niu Qiao's "Gratitude")
3. Animals.
Ape: sad and sad, Du Fu's "Ascending" "The wind is strong and the sky is high, and the ape screams in sorrow"
Pigeon:: pursuit of ideals
Fish: freedom and comfort
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Eagle: A strong and free life and success in fighting career
Dog and chicken: Breath of life pastoral life
(Skinny) Horse: Galloping pursuit of wandering
< p> Crow: The sadness of a villain and a common guestSandgull: Sadness in wandering
Bird: Symbol of freedom
Chun [chun] soup with perch: refers to the flavor of hometown . Later, literati used the words "Water Shield Soup and Perch Sauce" and "Water Shield Perch Autumn Thoughts" to refer to homesickness.
Double carp: refers to letters.
The Han Dynasty Yuefu poem "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Grottoes" goes: "A guest came from afar and left me a pair of carp. I cooked the carp with my son, and there was a ruler in it." Later, the double carp was used as a substitute for letters from distant places.
Zhuang Zhou dreamed of butterflies: The words come from "Zhuangzi·Equality of Things": "In the past, Zhuang Zhou dreamed of butterflies, and they were lifelike butterflies. Since
Yu Shizhi And, I don’t know about Zhou. I suddenly feel like I am in Zhou. I don’t know if Zhou’s dream is Hu (butterfly) butterfly. If Hu (butterfly) butterfly’s dream is Zhou Yu, then Zhou and Hu (butterfly) butterfly must be different. "This is called materialization." Zhuangzi used this to illustrate the idea that things and I are one and all things are equal. Later, literati used it to refer to confusing dreams and unpredictable things. For example, Lu You's poem "Winter Night" says: A cup of poppies offered by barbarians will be empty of Zhuang Zhou's butterflies. ”
(Lonely) Wild Goose: Lonely, homesick and homesick. News and news. Hongyan: Letters - longing for relatives.
Hongyan: Hongyan is a large migratory bird. It migrates south every autumn, often causing A wanderer's homesickness and nostalgia for his relatives are like the sadness of traveling in the Sui Dynasty. "Long before the flowers bloomed, I had the idea of ??returning home;
But when the geese returned north, people had not yet returned home. When the poet was an official in the Northern Dynasty, he went to Chen as an envoy to the Southern Dynasty and wrote this The poems about thinking about returning are implicit and tactful. Other poems that use wild geese to write about their thoughts include "I hear the returning wild geese at night and miss each other, and I feel the beauty of things when I am sick in the new year" (Ouyang Xiu's "Playing Reply to Yuan Zhen"), < /p>
"The remaining stars are counting the wild geese across the block, and the flute is playing and people are leaning on the building" ("Autumn View of Chang'an" by Zhao Gu of the Tang Dynasty), "The stars are cold in the blue pool, and the wild geese are red in sorrow
"Polygonium wind" ("Moonlight Night Boat" by Dai Fushi of the Song Dynasty), etc. Hongyan is also used to refer to letters. The allusion of Hongyan sending letters
Everyone is familiar with it. Hongyan, as the messenger of letters, plays a role in poetry. The application has become common, such as "When the swan geese arrive, there will be more autumn water in the river" (Du Fu's "Li Bai is pregnant at the end of the day"), "Shuo Yan's biography is perfect, and there will be many tears in Xiang Huang" (Li Shangyin's "Li Bai"). "Li Si"), etc.
Partridge: The image of the partridge also has a specific connotation in ancient poetry. p>Brother", it is very easy to evoke the association of a dangerous journey and the sadness of separation. For example, "The sun is falling on the vast autumn grass, and the partridges are singing far away
People are walking" (Li Qunyu of the Tang Dynasty "I heard the partridges on Jiuzipo" "), "The river is still worried at night, and partridges are heard deep in the mountains" (Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man · Shu Jiangxi Ostomy Wall"), etc. The partridges in the poem are not purely objective. Birds.
Chilling cicadas: Cicadas cannot live long after autumn. After the autumn rain, there are only a few intermittent whines left.
Life is on the line. Night and day. Therefore, the cold cicada has become a synonym for sadness. For example, the first two sentences of "Cicada Song" by Luo Binwang of the Tang Dynasty: "The sound of cicadas in the West
sings, and the guests in Nanguan are deep in thought. " (Xilu: Autumn) uses chilling cicadas to sing loudly, exaggerating his deep nostalgia for home in prison. The song "Yulin Ling" by Liu Yong of the Song Dynasty begins: "The chilling cicadas are sad, facing the pavilion at night, and the sudden rain has begun to subside. " Before the separation is directly described, the feeling of "miserable
misery" has filled the readers' hearts, creating an atmosphere that is enough to trigger the sadness of separation. "The cicadas are chirping at my side" (three
p>Chinese poet Cao Zhi's poems such as "Giving a White Horse to Wang Biao" also express this sentiment.
Mandarin ducks refer to a loving couple, such as "There is no way to say goodbye to death if you are willing to be a mandarin duck." "Xianxian" ("Chang'an Ancient
Image" by Lu Zhaolin of the Tang Dynasty).
4. Wind, frost, rain, snow, water and clouds
Sea: vast power, deep momentum
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The waves: the ups and downs of life
The turbulence of the waves: the dangers of life and the strangeness of the rivers and lakes
The rivers: the passage of time, the short and long sorrow of the years, and the development trend of history.
Smoke: the haziness of emotions, the confusion of a bleak future, the failure of vague ideals, and disillusionment
Light rain: the subtle enlightenment of the hope and vitality of the spring scene
Heavy rain: Cruel and passionate political struggle sweeps away the power of evil forces and cleanses the power of filth
Spring breeze: broad-minded joy and hope
East wind: beautiful spring
West wind: loneliness, melancholy and decline A wanderer longs for home
Strong wind: The power to cause chaos and destroy the old world
Frost: It is easy to grow old in life due to the harsh social environment, rampant evil forces, and the bumps and setbacks in life
Snow: the rampant evil forces in a pure and beautiful environment
Dew: the shortness of life and the perishability of life
Cloud: wandering wanderers use floating clouds as a metaphor for wandering wanderers. "The mood of wandering in the clouds, the love of old friends in the setting sun" (Li Bai's "Farewell
Friends")
Cloudy sky: depression, sadness and loneliness
Clear sky: happiness and brightness.
Golden Wind: Autumn Wind
The image of "water"
(1) Because of the softness and coolness of water, water is often used as a metaphor for things like moonlight, although it can be felt concretely. But things that are difficult to grasp. For example: "The Sky Steps
The night is as cold as water, sitting and watching Altair and Vega.
" reflects the tragic fate of women in the feudal era from the side.
(2) Because the water is constantly sheared and soft, water is often used to describe sorrow. For example, Li Bai's "The knife cuts off the water, and the water flows more. Raise a glass to eliminate sorrow
Sorrow becomes even more sorrowful. "It expresses the poet's worries and sorrows caused by his strong feeling that the contradiction between reality and ideals is irreconcilable.
5. Utensils
Jade: Noble land revisited and refined
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Pearl: beautiful and flawless hairpin (crown): official position and fame
Clothing anvil: women's longing for their husbands
West Tower: feelings of resentment. ;
Silk and bamboo: music:
History: historical records;
Men: men;
Heroines: women;
< p> Sangzi: hometown;Xuanyuan: motherland;
Sanchi: law;
Cunguan: pen;
Bluebird: Messenger
Ship: Lanzhou, Zhengfan Quba (often used as a metaphor for a solitary boat), Qianglu (used to represent a large ship or warship).
Wu Gou: Generally refers to a sword or a sharp sword. For example, Xin Qiji's "Shuilongyin·Dengjiankang Shangxin Pavilion": "The setting sun above the building, in the sound of breaking red, I am a wanderer in the south of the Yangtze River." I looked at Wu Gou and took pictures of the railings, but no one understood me. "By looking at the Wu hook and patting the railing, I expressed my frustration that no one understands my desire to serve the motherland and make contributions.
Kunshan Jade: a metaphor for outstanding talents. From Li Si's "Book of Remonstrance and Expulsion": "The jade sent by your Majesty to Kunshan today includes Sui and He's treasures (referring to Suihou's beads and He's jade), which are pearls that hang down the moon, and are served by Tai'a. Sword (the famous sword of the state of Wu), ride on the horse of Xianli (the name of the horse), Jiancui
The flag of the wind, the drum of the tree spirit tuo (tuo, animals like alligator, the skin can be made into drums) ... This is not the case when we take people today: we don’t ask whether it’s okay or not, regardless of the merits. Those who are not from Qin will go, and those who are guests will be chased away. " Later, "Kunshan Jade" was used as a metaphor for outstanding talents.
There are many images used to express the feeling of "wandering" in Chinese classical poetry, such as duckweed, flying peng, solitary wild goose, etc., and "ship" is
p>It is one of the most common images to express this kind of emotion. A small boat with a leaf and a vast sky makes people more insignificant; when people are traveling
it is easier to see many foreign scenery. Triggering infinite thoughts. The image of "ship" appears very frequently in Du Fu's poems, and the feeling of wandering is also very strong:
The grass is thin and the wind is blowing on the shore, and the rafters are alone at night. The boat. The stars hang over the plains and the vast river flows. The official is old and sick and drifting away.
What's the matter? p> In the past, I heard about the water in Dongting. Now I go to the southeast of Wu and Chu. There are no relatives and friends, and the old and sick are in lonely boats.
Climb the Yueyang Tower. 》
Du Fu experienced the great changes from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. In his later years, he wandered in Sichuan and Hunan for 11 years. Finally, he died of illness
while traveling from Tanzhou to Yue. On a small boat in the state. The boat was his most common means of transportation in his later years, and it also became his final destination. He repeatedly wrote about the image of "boat" in his poems, "dangerous boat at night". "There is a lonely boat for the old and the sick." The boat is a symbol and portrayal of the poet's wandering life.
Su Shi wrote "Linjiang Immortal" when he was demoted to Huangzhou due to the "Wutai Poetry Case":
After drinking in Dongpo at night, he woke up drunk and returned as if it was the third watch. The boy's breath is thundering. No one knocks on the door, but leans on the stick and listens to the sound of the river.
I always regret that this body is not mine. When will I forget Yingying? The night wind is quiet and the lines are flat. The boat passed away from now on, and the river and sea left it for the rest of my life.
In contrast to the feeling of "drifting", another typical connotation of the "ship" image in Chinese classical poetry is "freedom". The origin of this kind of thinking can be traced back to Zhuangzi, who said, "The skillful person works hard and knows, and the incompetent person has nothing to ask for. When you are full and full, you are invited to travel, as if you have nothing to do with it.
If life is not satisfactory, the Ming Dynasty will be ruined. Li Bai's "Xuanzhou Xie Tiao Farewell to the School Secretary Shu Yun"
There is a lonely grassy stream growing beside it, and there are orioles singing in the deep trees. The spring tide brings rain in a hurry, and there is no boat crossing the wild crossing. < /p>
The central image of "There is no boat crossing the river" is not only a realistic description, but also a visual expression of the poet's mentality.
6. Color categories
White: pure and innocent funerals
Red: passionate youth and happy events
Green: hope for vitality and peace
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Blue: Elegance and melancholy
Yellow: Warmth and peace
Purple: Nobility and mystery
Black: Darkness, despair, solemnity, mystery, memory of the dead, destiny Too bad
7. About people’s qualities and behaviors.
Hero: admire and feel ashamed
Villain: despise Mingzhi, self-examination and whipping
Old events of the Six Dynasties and old dreams of the Southern Dynasties: represent the rich and prosperous life of the past.
Strike Ji: Determined to serve the country and regain lost territory.
Emei (moth eyebrow): beauty
Emei: noble virtue
Qingqingzijin: talented person
Bage: Also known as Ba singing, Ba gu, and Ba people's songs. It refers to vulgar works, mostly composed of modest words. It is often written in comparison with "Yangchun Baixue"
to express one's own insignificance.
Bixue: Refers to the blood shed for a just cause. Later, it was also used as "Bixue" and "Qianxue" "Honghua Bi" is a metaphor for dying due to resentment or being loyal
with an unyielding heart. For example, "The Injustice of Dou E": "It was not I, Dou E, who punished me with such a headless wish. The real grievance is not shallow... This is We Chang
Honghua green, looking forward to the emperor's cuckoo."
p>Win the title: a metaphor for passing the imperial examination. "Book of Jin" is quoted from the book: "Emperor Wu met in the East Hall to see off, and asked Shen: 'What do you think you are like?' One branch is a piece of jade from Kunshan."'
Huaiju: Refers to filial piety.
Caiwei: refers to a life of seclusion. "Historical Records·Biography of Boyi" records: "King Wu has put an end to the Yin chaos, and the world has been governed by the Zhou Dynasty. However, Boyi and Shu Qi were ashamed of it and refused to eat Zhou millet because of their righteousness. They hid in Shouyang Mountain and ate weeds. "It tells the story of Boyi and Shuqi who lived in seclusion in the mountains and did not serve Zhou. Later, he also showed his integrity.
Poets often use the images of "mountains and forests" and "palace" in their poems to express the contradictions
and conflicts between the poet's ideals and reality. The so-called "palace" is also The word "Wei Que" is the name of the imperial court and a symbol of the poet's important position.
The so-called "mountain forest" refers to the poet's thoughts when his political ideals were shattered or his talents were not appreciated and he had no way to serve the country. Resentful and turned back
The image of hiding in the mountains and forests
Aihong: a metaphor for people who are sad, miserable and homeless. The poem describes the envoys traveling around and seeing the refugees like wild geese. Flying into the wild,
The refugees were delighted with the arrival of the messenger, and they all sang together, just like the roar of the swan geese. >
Yongxu: refers to a woman who is good at chanting and has extraordinary talent. Later, "Yongxu" refers to Yongxue, and "Yongxu" means extraordinary talent. /p>
Nanguan: Refers to the prisoner. The allusion comes from "Zuo Zhuan: The Ninth Year of Chenggong" - Chu people Zhongyi was imprisoned in Jin Dynasty and still wore Nanguan.
Music, model essay. Zi praised this as a gentleman's journey: later, most literati used this to refer to their moral prison life.
8. Location:
Monuments: Nostalgic Mingzhi's past prosperity and present decline ( Country) decline and depression (historic sites are generally closely related to the ancients)
Countryside: homesick for the customs, pastoral scenery, pure life, beautiful, comfortable and quiet
Grassland: vast realm of life and human mind
City (marketplace): prosperous, bustling, rich and luxurious
Wonderland: elegant, beautiful, clean and forgetful of worldliness
Leaning on the railing: missing the motherland, hometown, and relatives.
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Nanshan represents a place of seclusion. Taoyuan: represents an ideal paradise. Wuling people represent people who live in seclusion.
Liuying: refers to the military camp.
< p> Heaven and Earth: Hongmeng, Xiyi, Taiqing, TaixuXiliu Camp: The place where Zhou Yafu stationed his troops in the Han Dynasty. Wang Wei's "Guan Xie" "Suddenly passed by Xinfeng City and returned to Xiliu. Liuying. "
9. Other categories
White dog: also called white cloud dog, a metaphor for the vagaries of the world. From Du Fu's poem "Sigh": "The clouds in the sky are like white
The clothes must change like a gray dog. Throughout the ages, everything in life has happened. "Personnel changes are like floating clouds, sometimes a few.
Like white clouds, sometimes like greyhounds.
Dawn: first hope
Late night: melancholy and nostalgia
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Snow: Qiongyu, broken jade, ice flower, Liuchu;
Letter: Hongyan, ruler slipper, ruler element
Subjugated country: Houting flower
Heaven and Earth: The short-lived life of human beings, the vast emotional loneliness.
Floating Life: Indicates the short and illusory life.
Morning sun: Hope and vitality
Sunset: Lost and depressed, cherish the beautiful and short-lived life or things
Noon: Warm and unrestrained, evil forces affect society and people The devastation of wine
Wine: joy, success, frustration and sorrow
The moon: the perfection and shortcomings of life, homesickness and relatives "look at the moon and cherish the distance", "sad for the spring and sad for the autumn", "see the flowing water and miss the years"
Easy to pass away", "The drizzle of sycamore trees is sad and desolate". Nicknames for the moon: Toad Palace, Jade Plate, Silver Hook, Chanjuan, Guigong; "Jade Plate",
"Moon Wheel", "Jade Ring", "Jade Hook", "Jade Bow", "Jade Gong" "Mirror", "Heavenly Mirror", "Mingjing", "Jade Rabbit",
"Chang'e", "Toad"
In ancient Chinese poetry, the moon is used to express emotions. Commonly used writing methods. Generally speaking, the moon in ancient poems is synonymous with homesickness. Li Bai's "Silent Night Thoughts": "The bright moonlight in front of the bed is probably due to the frost on the ground. I look up at the bright moon and look down at my hometown. "This poem
Tao expresses Li Bai's homesickness. The moon in the poem is no longer a purely objective image, but an image imbued with the poet's emotions
. People of the Tang Dynasty Wang Jian's "Wish for Du Langzhong on the Fifteenth Night": "Tonight, when the moon is bright, everyone is looking at me, and I don't know who is missing my autumn thoughts. "The poem uses euphemistic questions
to point out the common sentiment of caring in the world on this full moon night, and implicitly expresses the poet's deep longing for his friends in his hometown.
In addition, "the moon "There are also the following images
(1) The bright moon contains the sadness of people around you. For example: "The sand in front of Hui Le Feng is like snow, and the moon outside the city is like frost" is the sadness and resentment;
< p>"The bright moon of the Qin Dynasty passed through the Han Dynasty, and the people of the long march of thousands of miles have not yet returned"(2) The bright moon contains emotional helplessness, such as Xie Zhuang's "Beauty comes into the sky, thousands of miles away." Xi** the bright moon. "Prayers and wishes"
Zhang Jiuling "The bright moon rises on the sea, and the end of the world is at this time." "The hope and longing for it.
(3) The bright moon contains the eternity of time and space. "People in ancient times and today are like running water, and it is the same when looking at the bright moon. "The catastrophe of time on life
and the helplessness of life in the face of time are vividly expressed.
Summary of the artistic conception of Zhou★
a. Lonely, vast (far), open, magnificent
b. Majestic, majestic, majestic, precipitous, solemn
c. Desolate and desolate, lonely and desolate, lonely and empty, cold and depressed, desolate (desolate), desolate and decayed, gloomy and solemn,
tragic
d. Quiet (secluded), secluded, tranquil, leisurely and tranquil, pure
e, fresh and bright, beautiful (beautiful), gorgeous, gorgeous, graceful
f, hazy, elegant