Pheasant, a percussion instrument. China ancient percussion instruments. Made of copper.
Pheasant, a percussion instrument. Pheasant is an ancient marching musical instrument, also known as "Ding Ning". It is bell-shaped and has a long handle. When it is used, its mouth is up and it is struck with a mallet. It is popular in southern countries in the Spring and Autumn Period. It can be seen from the archaeology of cultural relics that the pheasant was still very popular in the marching ceremonies in the Han, Wei and Jin dynasties. China ancient percussion instruments. Made of copper. The shape of pheasant is like cymbal, which is longer and narrower than cymbal, but taller and heavier than cymbal. It is commonly known as Daxian in archaeology. The pheasant is used for the military to issue signals and restrain the pace. "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Caiqi" says: "I will be quiet and drum will be moving." So it has the same function as osmium. Later, there also appeared a chime, which can play music or send a clear signal, which is similar to the meaning of modern bugles, but can also be used for sacrifices and feasts.
① An ancient musical instrument, made of copper, is bell-shaped and long and narrow, with a long handle to hold, and its mouth sounds upward when it is struck by something, and it is struck when marching.
(2) In ancient times, beating a gong to silence soldiers and beating a gong to move them forward. Later, it was used as a name for military affairs); Song of pheasant (that is, song of cymbals, military music); Pheasant (the official in charge of singing and beating drums); Hey, hey, hey?
(3) the upper part of the front of the bell. On the drum, the drum is called the pheasant, and the pheasant is called the dance. -"Zhou Li Kao Gong Ji". Sun Yirang justice: "Cheng Yaotian cloud:' On the drum, it is also the front of the upper section of the bell body, which is called pheasant." "In ancient times, China used" beating drums to March "and" sounded the golden bell to retreat "to direct the battle. The "gold" in "Ming Jin" refers to the instrument used as a signal in the army. Pheasant, an ancient musical instrument, is long and narrow like a bell, with a handle on it and made of copper. The idiom "sound the golden bell and retreat" originally meant to stop the attack and end the battle; Now it is more like finishing the task and ending the work.
Drum is a percussion instrument. Drums are the length of group sounds, and the ancients used drums to control other musical instruments; People who played drums were called "drum people" in ancient times. In ancient times, when the army was fighting, drums were used to urge and direct soldiers to March. The "Cao Gui Debate" in Zuo Zhuan's Ten Years of Zhuang Gong includes "husband's war, courage". Make a fuss, then decline, and then exhaust. " Therefore, the idiom "muster one's strength" often describes doing things with enthusiasm and going forward; "Decline again and exhaust three times" describes the repeated consumption of strength, which is almost over. Flags and drums were tools for commanding operations in ancient armies. The idiom "neck and neck" originally refers to the confrontation between the two armies, and later refers to the equal strength of both sides. The original intention of "fanfare" is to display a large number of flags and drums, and then the metaphor is huge. The original intention of "putting the flag down and stopping snare drum" is to put an end to the war, which means that the two sides stop fighting, and then it means to do things from beginning to end and stop acting silently. "Get back on your feet" is a metaphor for reorganizing your strength after things fail.
Archaeologists found the command tools on the command vehicle of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses. Unfortunately, the drum made of leather had already rotted, but this bronze priest stayed. Qin Jun soldiers more than two thousand years ago listened to its voice and withdrew from the battlefield. Ming Jin is to retreat, while drumming is to move forward. Officers at all levels change the rhythm of drums according to the instructions of flags, and soldiers act according to the rhythm, so that under the will of commanders, thousands of soldiers advance and retreat as a whole and cooperate with each other.
during the warring States period, sun Wu of qi came to Wu state, and the king of Wu ordered 18 beautiful women in the palace to be summoned to the training ground behind the palace and handed over to sun Wu to practice. Sun Wu divided 18 ladies-in-waiting into two teams, and appointed two Maggie, the king of Wu's favorite, as the left and right captains, so that they could lead the ladies-in-waiting to practice. At the same time, they appointed their own drivers and escorts as military officials to be responsible for enforcing military laws. Sun Wu stood on the podium and earnestly preached the essentials of practice. When the arrangement was ready, Sun Wu beat the drum and gave the order. However, despite Sun Wu's repeated orders, the ladies-in-waiting responded, but they felt novel and fun at heart. They didn't listen to the order, and they laughed and the formation was in chaos. Sun Wu summoned military officials and beheaded two captains according to the art of war. When the prince of Wu saw that Sun Wu was going to kill his beloved Ji, he immediately sent a message saying, I have learned that the general can fight. Without these two beauties to wait on me, I have no taste to eat. Sun Wu said without mercy: "Since I was ordered to be a general, I will be in the army, and your life will not be affected." Sun Wu insisted on killing the two captains, appointed the leaders of the two teams as captains, and continued training. When Sun Wu drummed the drum again, the ladies-in-waiting went back and forth, left and right, advanced and retreated, knelt and climbed up, all in line with the rules and the formation was very neat. He Lv, a descendant of Sun Wu, was invited to inspect. He Lv was unhappy because he lost his love for Ji, so he made an excuse not to come, and Sun Wu personally met He Lv. He said: "It is the common law of military strategists to prohibit orders and clearly define rewards and punishments, and it is the general rule for generals to run the army. We must be dignified to the foot soldiers. Only in this way will they obey orders and fight to defeat the enemy. " After listening to Sun Wu's explanation, He Lv, the prince of Wu, lost his anger and worshipped Sun Wu as a general.
At present, there is only one bronze musical instrument of Shang Dynasty, and that is cymbals. The cymbal is small, and its shape is similar to that of the bronze bell of later generations. It has a cavity similar to two tiles bonded together, with a big top and a small bottom, which can be pronounced after being struck. A circular tube-shaped handle is connected under the cavity. At that time, people could get crisp music by holding the handle and tapping the cavity with one hand. There is a button on the clock for hanging and striking, which is just the opposite of the use of cymbals. According to documents, the main function of osmium is not actually a court banquet, but a war-commanding troops to retreat. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi Jin Bu" said: "You are a small pheasant. Military law, the pawn is long. " "Zhou Li, Local Officials and Drummers" contains: "Stop drums with gold cymbals". Zheng Xuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty noted: "A cymbal is like a bell, with no tongue and a handle. Hold it and ring it to stop the drum." When the Shang army fought, it instructed the soldiers to charge by beating drums; When you need to retreat, you can stop drumming by tapping the cymbals.
Xiang Yu is a general from Chu. He is strong-willed, arrogant, brave and good at fighting. Liu Bang was a low-level bureaucrat before he was eliminated in the Qin Dynasty. His character was a little cunning, but he was good at employing people. In the war against the Qin dynasty, the two men became brothers and supported each other. As soon as the Qin Dynasty perished, they turned against each other.
at first, Xiang Yu was absolutely dominant. He called himself "the overlord of the place of Chu", equivalent to the emperor, and named Liu Bang "Hanwang", only equivalent to the vassal king. In order to preserve his strength, Liu Bang admitted Xiang Yu's dominant position on the surface, secretly recruited talents and developed the army. Gradually, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu were evenly matched.
The decisive battle between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu took place in a place called Gaixia (in present-day Anhui). After fierce fighting, Liu Bang's army surrounded Xiang Yu and his army. Although Xiang Yu is already at a disadvantage, there are still hundreds of thousands of troops, and Liu Bang cannot destroy Xiang Yu at once.
One night, the besieged Xiang Yu and his soldiers heard familiar songs around them. Listen carefully, it turns out to be a folk song from Chu, my hometown. The song came from Liu Bang's military camp. Xiang Yu and his soldiers were very surprised, thinking that Liu Bang had already captured their hometown and captured many relatives in their hometown as prisoners, and this familiar singing also aroused the soldiers' homesickness.
There are many legends about Zhang Liang playing the flute to disperse Chu soldiers. One of them is that the Han army besieged Xiang Yu at the foot of Jiuli Mountain in Pengcheng at that time. Zhang Liang boarded Jiming Mountain that night, ordered soldiers to make an extra-large kite, hung it on a laundry basket, and sat in the basket, holding a plum blossom flute and playing Chu songs. The tune was sad and sad, and Chu soldiers were distracted and collapsed without fighting. In the Ming Dynasty, Shen Cai wrote this legend into "Thousand Golden Stories", and the besieged Chu soldiers sang: "Listening to Chu songs makes people sad, homesick and tearful, and the plum blossom iron flute breaks people's intestines ... I unloaded my iron clothes and returned home early, leaving the battlefield early." Cai Dongfan described it more vividly in The Romance of the Former Han Dynasty.
At that time, the morale of Xiang Yu's army was in chaos, and the soldiers fled at night, leaving only a few hundred of the 1, people. It turned out that this was a trick used by Liu Bang. He organized soldiers of his own army to sing those sentimental Chu folk songs, precisely to disturb the stability of Xiang Yu's army. Liu Bang finally won the battle of Gaixia, and Xiang Yu was forced to commit suicide.
There is an undulating Jiuli Mountain 5 kilometers northwest of Xuzhou City. So far, the folk song "The shepherd boy picked up the old sword and gun in the ancient battlefield in front of Jiuli Mountain" has been circulated. However, Han Xin set up an ambush on all sides and besieged Xiang Yu in Gaixia, which is now Lingbi County, Anhui Province. According to Lingbi Zhilue, "There is a flute platform about 1 mile southeast of the city", and the former site still exists, which is said to be the place where Liu Bang besieged Xiang Yu and Zhang Liang played flute to disperse Chu soldiers.
In p>1997, the Dongshan Temple was built, and the Ovary Hall in the courtyard is still dedicated to Zhang Liang. On May 18th every year, there is a temple fair in Liu Hou. Besides burning incense, people also hold kite flying activities to commemorate Zhang Liang's wonderful plan of letting soldiers sit on kites and play flute to disperse Chu soldiers.
In the Northern Wei Dynasty, there was a handmaid named Chaoyun, who was good at playing Chi, and she could play the song of the group fan and the sound of the dragon. Chi is an ancient wind instrument. Made of bamboo, single pipe blowing horizontally. It is mentioned in The Book of Songs and The Book of Rites. Generally used for yarraa.
when yuan Chen was the secretariat of Qin Zhou, Qiang people rebelled everywhere. yuan Chen made many crusades, but the Qiang people did not surrender. Chaoyun plays Chi every night. That night, her Chi sounds again. Yuan Chen used his quick wits, so he ordered her to dress up as a poor old woman and go down the mountain to play Chi and beg. Hearing this, the Qiang people burst into tears and said to each other, "Why do you want to leave your hometown and become a traitor in the ravine?" One by one, they joined in and surrendered.
Zhuge Liang sent troops to attack Wei, took the town of Xicheng, and sent people to guard the important outposts and kiosks. Before the man went to the position, Zhuge Liang told him everything, how to set up camp, and even how to help and cooperate with Wang Ping, the lieutenant, all of which were carefully arranged. Although the man who was sent listened to Zhuge Liang's words, he became arrogant when he supported the army, forgot all about Zhuge Liang's words, and did not listen to Wang Ping, leading to the fall of the street pavilion.
At this time, Sima Yi led a 15,-strong army to kill and rush to Xicheng. However, most of Zhuge Liang's strong generals and soldiers have been transferred to other places, and there are only about 2, old, weak and disabled soldiers around him. Not to mention competing with them, it may be too late to escape. At this critical moment, Zhuge Liang was suddenly enlightened. He picked up a piano and took two Nunnery, sat on the rostrum, and played the piano with no distractions. Sima yi, who is both civil and military, of course knows that Zhuge Liang is very cautious in fighting and should not take risks, so he first sent spies to Xicheng to inquire about the military situation. The spies came back and said that Zhuge Liang was playing the piano in the city. Sima Yi was greatly surprised when he heard this. I didn't know what tricks Zhuge Liang was playing, so he decided to go to the gate to see for himself.
But I saw Zhuge Liang sitting on the rostrum, playing the piano leisurely. Although Sima Yi is a famous man, he also knows music. He thought, I listen carefully. If the piano is stable and the beat is accurate, it shows that Zhuge Liang's heart is practical, then there is probably an ambush, and we must retreat immediately. If the rhythm of the piano is unstable, it shows that Zhuge Liang has a guilty conscience, and it may just be an empty city. We are going to kill it, capture Kongming alive and destroy Shu. So Sima Yi listened carefully to the sound of the piano.
But I saw Zhuge Liang's natural manner, playing his piano with great concentration, skillful fingering, smooth rhythm, elegant tone, lingering sound and flying under the city. When Sima Yi heard this, he immediately ordered a retreat!
In the Song Dynasty, Bi Zaiyu fought against the nomads from the base. Because the nomads from the base were strong and the soldiers from the Song Dynasty were few, he made a clever plan of "golden cicada pulling out its shell". All the troops were withdrawn in one night, leaving only flags on the ground, and many sheep were brought in to hang them upside down. The front legs were placed on the drum, and the sheep were hung uncomfortably. The legs placed on the drum kept moving, so the drum was thumped. Nomads from the army heard the drums day and night, not suspicious, and did not dare to attack. After waiting for a few days, Jin Cai discovered the trap. But at this point, Bi Zaiyu's team has gone without a trace. This is the story of the famous "hanging sheep beating drums" to cover the withdrawal.