Dead Water is the most important work of Mr. Wen Yiduo, a representative writer of Crescent School. His brushwork is spicy and sophisticated, obscure and tortuous, with novel and delicate ideas, elegant and rich language and long meaning, which has always been praised. However, there has always been controversy about the thoughts and feelings contained in it. Some people think that stagnant water shows a kind of disgust, hatred and disappointment to the dark reality, some people think that stagnant water expresses a desire to destroy the world and create a new life, some people think that stagnant water conveys a bitter irony and ruthless curse to the old world and old things, and so on. I think, in Dead Water, the poet's feelings can be said to be severe and cold mixed with fiery enthusiasm. For the former, it is easier to understand, because the poet's attitude towards the symbol of reality-"a ditch of desperate stagnant water" is like this. For the latter, it is difficult to be perceived because the poet's enthusiasm is hidden in fierce irony and clever teasing. Wen Yiduo felt very wronged and people didn't understand his mind. In a letter to the student Zang Zaike's family, he said: "You still keep saying that the author of Dead Water is only good at skills. God, where did this come from? " "I only feel that I am a volcano without eruption. The fire hurt me, but I still don't have the ability (that is, the skill) to explode my shell and radiate light and heat. Only a few friends who have been with me for a long time (like the dream family) know that I have a fire, and I feel my fire in stagnant water. " What are the grievances, pains and fires in Wen Yiduo's heart? From the above two dialogues, it is not difficult to see that "unfairness" lies in people's misunderstanding that the skill of stagnant water is better than thought, and misunderstanding the author's creative basis and performance theme. The "pain" in the heart and the "fire" in the heart need to be analyzed in detail with the content of stagnant water.
"Pain" and "fire" are mutually causal and closely related. Pain is the condensation of sadness, anger, pain, disappointment and despair. Prolonged suffering and pain will undoubtedly arouse the author's anger, and the fire and anxiety in his heart will only increase the author's struggle and struggle. In its coldness and harshness, Dead Water is full of unstoppable fire. In my opinion, the word "fire" in Dead Water has two meanings: first, it refers to the poet's anger at the darkness, ugliness, corruption and sin of reality; Second, it refers to the author's fiery enthusiasm for light, hope, struggle and rebirth. Why is there still a long way to go?
The whole poem consists of five sections, which are divided into three levels in turn. The first section is the first floor, the second to fourth sections are the second floor, and the fifth section is the third floor. The first and second stanzas are connected with each other, echoing each other from a distance, and the middle three stanzas are combined with movement and irony, which constitutes the main part of the whole poem. The first section "This is a ditch of desperate stagnant water,/and the breeze doesn't move at all." Section 5 "This is a ditch of desperate stagnant water,/This is definitely not beauty." The definition of "stagnant water" with "despair" twice not only shows the rotten, lifeless and hopeless status quo of "stagnant water", but also expresses the poet's hatred, indignation and despair of evil. The next sentence, firmly, hit the floor, like a court ruling, undoubtedly sentenced the criminal to death as soon as the town wood rang. On this basis, adding "the breeze can't blow half an inch" and "this is not the beauty", or exaggerating the description, or flatly denying it, is like adding insult to injury, adding fuel to the fire, cursing and flogging without mercy, that is, clapping and applauding, which is exciting. The first two and the last two "not as good" are summarized by the height of points and surfaces. The former is "it is better to throw more garbage and throw away your leftovers." Fighting evil with evil and fighting poison with poison are full of grief and excitement after death and despair. It can also be seen that this desperate stagnant water "is definitely not the beauty." It hides evil and practices evil, and it is sinful; It's alive and dying. The latter "it is better to leave it to the ugly to cultivate/see what world he has created" is by no means the author's disheartened and stand by, but the angry words of despair. Since such a desperate backwater cannot be transformed and saved, and it has rotted to the bone and is full of evil, it is better to let nature take its course and let it perish. Extremely sharp language subtly conveys the author's profound hatred for the dark reality and reactionary warlords. The implication of "look at what world he has created" is that if ugliness is cultivated, it can only be ugly and ugly, and evil is evil. He just made the world smoky and dark. In the face of such an enviable black-and-white society, with no distinction between right and wrong, lack of justice and no hope, can you expect it to create a "what world"?
The three paragraphs of the main body of the poem describe the terrible, hateful, ridiculous and pitiful situation of "stagnant water" from static and dynamic aspects respectively. The second section, "Maybe copper coins will turn green into jade,/A few peach blossoms will rust on the tin can,/Let greasy weave a layer of gas,/Mold will steam some clouds for him." Imagine the result, static coloring, and paint a colorful world for us. The poet described the rusty broken copper and iron as green as jade, colorful as peach blossoms, dirty and greasy as filaments, and stinking like rosy clouds all over the sky. Obviously, the author knows its ugliness, insists on saying beauty, sets it off with beauty, and is cynical. Sometimes he laughs at the "stagnant water" beyond the golden jade, which is a failure, and he is overreaching and deceiving himself. Reading these seemingly beautiful, ugly and ridiculous poems, we can't help but be deeply impressed by the poet's sharpness and wisdom. The third and fourth sections of the poem focus on satirizing the absurdity of stagnant water from a dynamic perspective. Follow the writing in the second section, imagine the rancid stagnant water as fragrant green wine, and describe the dirty foam as silver pearls. On this basis, "flower mosquito" and "frog" are skillfully introduced. It is said that "Flower Mosquito" pursues fishy smell, gloats, is not ashamed, but proud, and "stealing" is his best skill; Saying "frog" is ugly and disgusting, noisy and annoying, but shameless, and "singing" loudly, which is his noblest character. Whether it is a group of dancing mosquitoes and flies or a shameless frog, these are breeding grounds of stagnant water, birds of a feather! The author writes about the flower mosquito frog, which is self-righteous and self-righteous. He is actually showing the ugliness and ridiculousness of stagnant water, satirizing the decay and deterioration of stagnant water, despair and death.
The above analysis shows that the poet's fighting attitude towards the "stagnant water" and the dark and corrupt old China, especially the reactionary and corrupt Beiyang warlord government, is a head-on blow. The poet's heart is full of a burning anger, which is like lightning, lightning and thunder, raging like a storm, making revolutionaries angry, making the people feel great and making the reactionary authorities tremble with fear!
In addition, the "fire" in Wen Yiduo's "Dead Water" also refers to a kind of passionate fire that longs for light and beauty, calls for new life and hope, and advocates resistance and fighting. Mr. Zhu Ziqing, a close friend of Wen Yiduo, once profoundly pointed out: "Wen Yiduo is really a fire. In the poem "Dead Fire", he said:' This is a backwater of despair. /This is definitely not the beauty. /Let ugliness cultivate it,/and see what world he has created. This is not a tribute to the flower of evil, but simply to make ugly "full of evil" and "there is hope in despair" earlier. (Zhu Ziqing: The Complete Works of Wen Yiduo? Preface ",see the complete works of Wen Yiduo, Volume I). Literally, this poem really only has the feeling of disappointment and despair. If you understand it deeply, you will find that behind the irony, curse and ridicule, it is hoped that the "stagnant water" will die as soon as possible and the "spring water" will extend as soon as possible. The poet's satirical words are full of destructive desire to hate evil and burning passion to destroy the old world; Behind the indignation and impassioned, it is actually an eager call for a bright and beautiful new life and a new world full of vitality, hope and justice. In this regard, we must contact the poet's "whole person" to study. The poet has a passage in The Spirit of Goddess, which can be used to interpret stagnant water. He said: "The twentieth century is a sad and exciting century. The twentieth century is a dark world, but this darkness is the darkness leading to the dawn. The twentieth century is a lifeless world, but it is a prophetic death. This is the 20th century, especially in China at the end of the 20th century ... After the May 4th Movement, the young people in China, their troubles and sorrows really burned like fire, and the tide surged. They think the universe is as cold as iron, as black as paint and as dirty as blood, and they can't stay for a second. They hate the world and themselves, so impatient people commit suicide and patients try to innovate. The innovator felt that the will could not resist the impulse, so he shook himself and fell down again. But they like life too much, love his sweetness and love his spicy. They will never run away or surrender. " (See Volume 3 of Wen Yiduo's Complete Works) So is Wen Yiduo himself. He is full of hope for reality, and he often feels disappointed or even desperate, but after despair, he has hope. Wen Yiduo in 1926 did not flinch or escape, leaving the world to ugliness to practice. In "three? During the 18 massacre, he wrote Literature and Patriotism-Commemorating March 18th, and created the poem Tiananmen Square, which clearly expressed his feelings and issued a cry of justice. He supported the students' patriotic struggle with indignation and praised their patriotic feats. He wants to dedicate his poems to the people who died this time. He called for "the blood that hopes to love freedom, justice and ideals flows in Tiananmen Square and Tieshi Hutong, but it also flows in the pen tip and paper." He strongly praised the enthusiasm of the martyrs: "I think that the death of the martyrs in March 18 is not only patriotic, but also a great poem. If we get part of the enthusiasm of the victims, we can achieve great success in literature and art. If we get all the enthusiasm of the victims, we can follow their footsteps and die. " Then he published "Dead Water" after this talk. It is not difficult to see that "Dead Water" was written in Chicago in April 1924, but in April 1926, Wen Yiduo, who was in Beijing, witnessed "Three? Wen Yiduo, the author of the 18th Massacre, published it specially, and its practical significance is self-evident. While accusing the reactionary warlords of cruelty and blood, there are more enthusiastic praises for patriotic youth who are full of blood and desperate to die, and more eager calls for the ideals of light, justice and freedom. The purpose of crushing the old world is to call for and build a new world. Who can deny the light of hope of burning and prosperity?
In the poem Silent Night written in the same period, Wen Yiduo announced:
Who wants peace within your walls?
My world has a wider boundary.
These four walls are isolated from the constant noise of war,
What can you do to stop my heart?
It's best to fill this mouth with sand and mud.
Like others, you can only sing personal sorrow!
Better let this head dig holes for voles,
Let this mass of flesh and blood feed the corpse worm,
If it's just for a glass of wine and a poem,
On a quiet night, the pendulum swings to a leisurely place.
I can't hear your neighbor moaning,
I can't see widows and orphans trembling,
Spasms in the trenches, lunatics biting the hospital bed,
And all kinds of tragedies are tempered by life.
It can also be seen from here that the poet is not hiding in the study of the small building to escape the hustle and bustle of reality, but looking at reality, paying attention to the sufferings of people's livelihood, paying attention to continuous wars, paying attention to real politics, and determined to actively and bravely participate in the movement to transform the old world.
To sum up, no matter from Wen Yiduo's dominant thought in the 20th century, or from the specific background of writing and publishing Dead Water, or from similar works in the same period, we have reason to confirm that Dead Water is not only the superficial expression of the poet's anger of cursing the darkness and lashing the authorities, but also the call for light and freedom, the pursuit of ideals and justice, and patriotism.
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