First, there should be a pause after the auxiliary word (also called the first word) and the related word.
Second, ancient times were two monosyllabic words, and modern Chinese is a disyllabic word, so we should read it separately.
Third, pause in word order, that is, pause according to "subject-predicate object", "adverbial predicate" and "verb complement", that is, pause between subject and predicate, verb and complement (generally not pause between attribute and head word) to make the meaning obvious.
Fourth, adverbial nouns and headwords should be read together, that is, when nouns are adverbials, they usually pause before words, and adverbials and headwords cannot be read separately. If you read it separately, you will mistake the adverbial for the subject and change the meaning of the sentence.
There should be a pause after the word "and". However, if the word "er" plays a later role in a sentence, it can't stop, that is, the word "er" can't be read separately from the following words, but should be read continuously.
1. If "er" is connected with an adjective (or adverb) and a verb in a sentence, that is, "adjective (adverb)+er+verb", then the preceding adjective or adverb acts as an adverbial to modify the following verb and cannot be read separately.
2. If "he" is connected with two verbs in a sentence, that is, "verb+and+verb", then "he" means sequential connection, that is, the previous action occurs and the latter action occurs immediately. At this time, "he" can't stop, but should be continuous with the latter verb.
3. "Er" connects two words with the same part of speech (that is, two nouns, two verbs and two adjectives), indicating a coordinate relationship, which is equivalent to "He", "You", "He" or not translated. There should be no pause after "er" at this time.
4. The word "He" indicates transitive relationship, which is equivalent to "He", "Yu", "Gang" or no translation.
Sixth, the rhythm pause should reflect the original appearance of the sentence structure.
Seven, the rhythm pause should reflect the ellipsis.
Eight, to understand the ancient country name, year number, official position, title, historical facts, place names, otherwise it will easily lead to reading pause errors.
Nine, "ye" is used in sentences to indicate a pause, and then pause when reading aloud. If you are an auxiliary word at the end of a sentence, don't stop.
Ten, pause reflects the jurisdiction of keywords.
Eleven, four words, five words, six words, seven words, etc. With neat sentence patterns, you can read with the same pause when reading aloud, so that the tone and intonation can be connected in one breath.
Three laws of rhythm division in classical Chinese sentences;
Firstly, according to the grammatical structure of classical Chinese sentences, the reading rhythm (subject, predicate and object) is determined.
Second, determine the reading rhythm according to function words or summary words such as head words, modal particles and related words.
Third, the inversion of the sentence should be suspended.
It is also important to understand the meaning of the text correctly, because it is the premise to determine the pause rhythm of classical Chinese. While summing up experience, lay a solid foundation of classical Chinese and let yourself have a good sense of classical Chinese.
At this time/for the next description/no.
At this moment, I want to use a word to describe the present situation, but I can't remember it.
Like guests/the salary is low/often not enough.
I like to entertain guests, my salary is meager, and I often leave no surplus food.
These sentences are divided into pauses according to the third law of rhythm: pauses according to the language order, that is, pauses according to "subject-predicate-object", "adverbial predicate" and "verb-complement" to make the meaning obvious; The sixth law of harmony: rhythm pause should reflect the original appearance of sentence structure.
A.yu liked studying when he was young.
Translation: I especially liked reading books when I was a child.
B. this sentence should be changed to: benefit from praise/sage's way
As an adult at the age of twenty, I admire the theory of ancient sages even more.
C. Enjoy the taste of no/fresh fertilizer
There is nothing fresh and fat to enjoy.
D. Ye Ran/Ruo Renshen
Translation: radiant, like a god.
The pause of these sentences is based on the tenth rule of the above rhythm division: pause should reflect the jurisdiction of keywords.
Here item A highlights "when you are young", so it is right to pause after "when you are young"; Item B emphasizes "Mu Yi", so it is right to pause after "Mu Yi". Moreover, "the way of sages" is a complete phrase that cannot be separated, so this item is wrong; Item c emphasizes that there is no fresh and delicious meat and vegetables, and it is right to pause after "no"; Item D is wonderful, so it is right to pause after "Ye Ran".
2. Reading ancient poems 1, how does the water of the Yellow River move out of heaven and into the ocean, which is gone forever. (Li Bai&; lt； & amplt； Will enter the wine > )
The Yellow River is far above the white clouds, an isolated city, Wan Ren Mountain. (Wang Zhihuan &; lt； & amplt； Liangzhou ci & ampgt； )
The Yellow River falls into the East China Sea, and Wan Li writes it in his mind. (Li Bai&; lt； & amplt； Give Pei fourteen &; gt； & ampgt； )
The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river. But as long as you climb a flight of stairs, you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles. (Wang Zhihuan & lt & At the heron hotel & gt > )
The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen. (Wang Wei&; lt； & amplt； To > & ampgt； )
Wan Li sand of the Yellow River with nine twists, waves scouring the wind. (rachel? Tang's "Langtaosha")
7 peaks and mountains are like gathering, waves are like anger, and mountains and rivers are like Tongguan Road. (Zhang, "Tongguan Nostalgia")
I will cross the Yellow River, but the ice will suffocate and the ferry will climb the snowy Taihang Mountain. (Li Bai's "It's Hard to Walk")
The river of no return is a romantic figure through the ages. Su Shi's Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia.
10 the stars are down from the clearing, and the moon is running from the river.
Leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, and I watch the long river always roll on Du Fu's Climbing the Heights.
12 The solitary sail crosses the blue sky, just for the sake of "Sending Meng Haoran to Guangling" flowing in the sky of the Yangtze River.
13 Tianmen disconnects the Chu River, and Higashi Shimizu flows back to the Tianmen Mountain of Li Baiwang.
14 the mountain is flat and primitive, and the river enters (Li Bai's Jingmen Ferry sends his friends away)
15 The balcony is separated by Chu water, and spring grass gives birth to the Yellow River.
16 bright moon and yellow river night, cold sand is like a battlefield. Using the sound of water, Ye Ping deserted.
17 Haixi army on the north bank of the Yellow River, the drums and bells resounded all over the world. Two Tang Dynasty Du Fu's Yellow River Poems
18 the west bank of the yellow river is my Shu country, and I have to support my family. Two Tang Dynasty Du Fu's Yellow River Poems
19 The Yellow River falls from the sky, and the shadow of Lou Yu is near the rooftop. —— Li Shangyin, a poet of Heyang in the Tang Dynasty
About 20 minutes in Beijing Que, Yellow River and Zhailian. ——————————— What is Shaanxi City?
To be honest, your question of 10 is a bit difficult.
Must be an ancient poem? 3-4 minutes of ancient poetry is rare ~ let's have a modern one first! In the era of war, yes, we will suffer, at this moment; The sky throbs like a high fever forehead, and the pain is real; The searchlight suddenly revealed some small essence that made us cry. We never believed that they would exist, at least not here.
They come suddenly like ugly, long forgotten memories, and all guns are fighting like consciences. Behind the eyes of everyone who loves society and family, a private massacre is going on to destroy all women, Jews, rich people and human beings.
The mountains can't judge us if we lie. We are inhabitants of the ground; The earth listens to the wise and evil until they die.
He was used far from the cultural center, abandoned by his generals and his lice, so he closed his eyes in a cotton-padded jacket and passed away. People won't mention him.
When this battle is compiled into a book, no important knowledge will be lost in his mind and shell. His jokes are platitudes, he is as dull as war, and his name and appearance will disappear forever.
He doesn't know the good and doesn't choose the good, but he teaches us to add meaning like a comma; He turned to dust in China, so that our daughter can love the world in the future and will no longer be * * * by dogs; It is also to make places with mountains, water and houses crowded. They carry terror like wallets, and they are afraid of the horizon like cannons. All rivers and railways have escaped the curse, and all people have escaped the friendship of their neighbors.
They gathered tightly in this new disaster, like children who just entered school, crying in turn; Because they can't learn some rules of space, and they can't master the language spoken by time. We live here, in the sadness that "now" has not been opened; Its scope is our content.
Should prisoners forgive their imprisonment, and can the future era be far away but still feel that it comes from what happened, even from us? Even think it's good A person's life is never completely finished, and heroism and gossip will continue to exist; However, just when artists feel exhausted, these people walk in the world and know that they have failed. Some people can't bear it and can't tame young people. They can't help lamenting the myth of injury that once ruled the world. Some people have lost the world they never knew, and some people are well aware of the punishment that people should receive in this life.
"Loss" is their shadow and wife, and "anxiety" receives them like a hotel, but as long as they have regrets, it is inevitable; Their whole life is listening to the call of the Forbidden City, watching strangers stare at them, happy and curious, and "freedom" is the enemy of every family and every tree. When all the tools used to report news prove the victory of our enemy together; We were breached in the redoubt, the army was retreating, "atrocities" swept like a new plague, and "evil" was a demon and popular everywhere. When we regret being born in this world: and remember all those orphans who seem to be abandoned.
Tonight reminds me of someone in China. After ten years of silence and work, he showed all his courage in Muzuo and confessed everything in one fell swoop: so he went out to touch the small castle in the winter night with the gratitude of the "organizer", like a monster. Another song: War years 14 Yes, we will suffer, right now; The sky throbs like a high fever forehead, and the pain is real; The searchlight suddenly revealed some small essence that made us cry.
We never believed that they would exist, at least not here. They come suddenly like ugly, long forgotten memories, and all guns are fighting like consciences.
Behind the eyes of everyone who loves society and family, a private massacre is going on to destroy all women, Jews, rich people and human beings. The mountains can't judge us if we lie.
We are inhabitants of the ground; The earth listens to the wise and evil until they die. He was used far from the cultural center, abandoned by his generals and his lice, so he closed his eyes in a cotton-padded jacket and passed away.
People won't mention him. When this battle is compiled into a book, no important knowledge will be lost in his mind and shell.
His jokes are platitudes, he is as dull as war, and his name and appearance will disappear forever. He doesn't know the good and doesn't choose the good, but he teaches us to add meaning like a comma; He turned to dust in China, so that our daughter can love the world in the future and will no longer be * * * by dogs; It is also to make places with mountains, water and houses crowded.
They carry terror like wallets, and they are afraid of the horizon like cannons. All rivers and railways have escaped the curse, and all people have escaped the friendship of their neighbors. They gathered tightly in this new disaster, like children who just entered school, crying in turn; Because they can't learn some rules of space, and they can't master the language spoken by time.
We live here, in the sadness that "now" has not been opened; Its scope is our content. Should prisoners forgive their imprisonment, and can the future era be far away but still feel that it comes from what happened, even from us? Even think it's good A person's life is never completely finished, and heroism and gossip will continue to exist; However, just when artists feel exhausted, these people walk in the world and know that they have failed.
Some people can't bear it and can't tame young people. They can't help lamenting the myth of injury that once ruled the world. Some people have lost the world they never knew, and some people are well aware of the punishment that people should receive in this life. "Loss" is their shadow and wife, and "anxiety" receives them like a hotel, but as long as they have regrets, it is inevitable; Their whole life is listening to the call of the Forbidden City, watching strangers stare at them, happy and curious, and "freedom" is the enemy of every family and every tree.
When all the tools used to report news prove the victory of our enemy together; We were breached in the redoubt, the army was retreating, "atrocities" swept like a new plague, and "evil" was a demon and popular everywhere.
4. A good way to recite classical Chinese. Many classical Chinese texts in junior high school Chinese textbooks are required to be recited.
These texts are written by celebrities and are very representative. Proficient recitation is of great benefit to us in learning the text, improving our writing ability and cultivating our sense of language. When many students recite the text, they just read it mechanically from beginning to end, and it takes a lot of effort to recite it. When they want to recall one of the sentences, they often have to start from scratch. Or memorize it temporarily, and after a long time, you will forget it all and you will not be able to use it.
How can we quickly remember, firmly remember and get twice the result with half the effort? This is an effective way to improve the efficiency of memory, in addition to having tenacious learning perseverance and paying attention to scientific reciting methods. First, grasp the key words and recite the key words here. First of all, it refers to the leading word of a sentence. Reciting often encounters such a situation: a classical Chinese text that can be memorized is often stuck at the beginning of a paragraph when it is recited again. At this time, if someone prompts the guide word, it can be recited quickly.
This shows that guiding words can induce thinking and help memory. Second, it refers to the key verbs that are easy to associate with the supporting points of reciting content.
For example, by reciting the sentences in Born in Worry and Died in Happiness, we can grasp the words "bitterness", "tiredness", "hunger", "emptiness" and "confusion". According to this idea, it is not only helpful to remember, but also beneficial to the extraction and application of materials in the future.
Second, use words and pictures to recite some words. The scenery is picturesque and the characters are vivid. After reading the text, the pictures in the text naturally appear in your mind like a focal plane, thus producing associative memory.
It is difficult to read classical Chinese. What should I do? First of all, the requirements and methods of reading classical Chinese are simply reading, understanding and reciting.
Reading, understanding, reciting and reading are the core, key and foothold of classical Chinese learning. The so-called reading, Mr. Zhu Ziqing once said: "Reading is a teaching process, and its purpose is to cultivate students' understanding ability and writing ability. When teaching, the old teacher reads first, then the students follow, and then the students practice reading and sometimes recite. Besides reciting, you can read books. "
It can be seen that in reading teaching, in addition to the teacher's demonstration reading, what students have to do is "follow", "practice reading", "recite" and "read". In other words, reading aloud is a learning process that students actively participate in and explore under the guidance of teachers. Among them, reading is the key.
To study, you must first listen to the old normal school. What should I learn from the teacher's model essay reading? Please see Mr. Liang Shiqiu recalling his teacher Mr. Xu Jincheng's lecture: xu teacher recited the full text after introducing the author, which was very interesting.
..... Both ancient and vernacular Chinese are like an actor reciting his lines, and he seems to vent all the meanings contained in the text. He speaks with rhythm, rhythm, emotion, momentum and cadence. After listening, we seem to have understood half the meaning of the original text.
A good article has a golden voice, which may be exaggerated, but it must be catchy, but it is true. It can be seen from here that the tone, stiff eyes, feelings, momentum, cadence and implied meaning of the article should be expressed by reciting.
While listening to the teacher's demonstration reading, students will soon get the first and most intuitive impression and understanding of the article, thus stimulating their desire to read aloud, so as to further "understand the meaning of words and the ideological content of works." Tone, inflexibility, mood, momentum, cadence and the meaning contained in words can't be learned at once, but students gradually realize, comprehend and perceive it in the reading process of listening to the model essay, following it and practicing reading.
Pay special attention to the following points: first, correct pronunciation. This is because there are many uncommon words in classical Chinese, as well as interchangeable words, polyphonic words and broken words.
Generally speaking, these words are pronounced in the text notes, so read them carefully according to the phonetic notation. Here we should focus on the problem of "broken reading".
The so-called "broken reading" is to distinguish different meanings or parts of speech by changing the pronunciation of words. For example, "clothing" is pronounced as Y when a noun is used, and Y when a verb is used (dressing); "Eating" means eating, while reading "Si" means giving others food.
However, some broken sounds have entered modern Chinese, and there are also notes in general dictionaries, such as beautiful "good" (adjective) reading H m 4 o, favorite "good" (verb) reading H ao, difficult "difficult" (adjective) reading nán, and disaster "difficult" reading nàn and so on. However, there is no special distinction between some broken pronunciations, such as Ye Gong's "Ye", which used to be pronounced shè, but now it can be pronounced yè.
Mastering broken reading is necessary to distinguish the meaning of parts of speech and deepen the understanding of classical Chinese. Second, pay attention to pause.
Including intra-sentence pause and inter-sentence pause. Being able to correctly distinguish between intra-sentence pauses and inter-sentence pauses shows a correct understanding of sentence levels and general ideas, which should be achieved through reading in the training of understanding words and sentence meanings.
In addition, we should pay attention to pronunciation, reading language, and so on. In fact, reading aloud is a learning process based on preliminary understanding, which requires repeated familiarity with the text and gradual deepening of understanding until it can be recited.
We don't approve of tedious grammatical analysis and mechanical memorization of noun terms in classical Chinese learning, nor do we advocate the so-called rigid execution of words and sentences. We advocate learning classical Chinese, understanding in reading, understanding in reading, accumulating language materials in reading, and finally making classical Chinese a part of our language habits.
In this learning process, reading, memory and understanding are carried out simultaneously. What we mean by knowing classical Chinese mainly refers to the overall understanding and grasp of the content of the article.
This understanding and grasp should be: ① around the whole content; (2) Pay attention to the communication of meaning; ③ Focus on the chapters of the article. As for reciting, it is also determined by the particularity of classical Chinese learning.
Memorization of words, understanding of words and expressions, and grasping the ideological content of works can all be achieved by reciting. Moreover, concepts and rules are not the most important in language learning. You can speak, write and read without memorizing rules. Language learning means practicing, using and then understanding.
Therefore, Chinese learning needs reciting, while classical Chinese learning emphasizes reciting more. Being able to "read classical poetry and simple classical Chinese, understand the meaning of words and the ideological content of works" mainly depends on the continuous accumulation of recitation.
Therefore, the newly revised Chinese syllabus for primary schools, junior high schools and senior high schools stipulates the number of reciting. Among them, primary school recited 80 ancient poems, junior high school recited 20 classical Chinese poems, 50 ancient Chinese poems, senior high school recited 20 classical Chinese poems and 50 poems.
It is not difficult to memorize all these articles to meet the requirements of reading classical Chinese. We advocate reading classical poetry and classical Chinese, and basically recite them in class.
Reciting, of course, also pays attention to methods. The chunk memory method I summarized in the past is one of them.
For example, meaning chunks: the way to remember chunks according to the meaning of the article; Outline chunk: the method of memorizing outline chunks of hierarchical content is applied; Keyword chunk: grasp the main idea and outline of the article through keyword chunk, and in turn master the memory method of words; Abbreviated sentence chunks: the way to abbreviate sentences into phrases to form chunks; In addition, there are sentence groups, central sentence blocks, related word blocks and so on. Limited to space, we won't discuss it.
Reciting depends on constant * * * and reinforcement. Mr. Feng Zikai warned his children to learn and pay attention to a method of "reading".
The traditional stroke of reading Chinese characters is 22 paintings, so he asked each poem to be read 22 times. In this way, the mantra will be familiar and will never be forgotten.
In the past, private schools paid attention to "memorizing", that is, every time you memorized a familiar article, you had to repeat what you had learned before, that is, to read the second article, you had to repeat 1-2 articles and read the third article.
6. The pause of classical Chinese reading is generally based on the turning point of meaning and tone.
Borrow it from the side and get close to it
I've studied ventriloquism, so I'll take ventriloquism as an example (I can't remember it clearly, so I'll find some words to remember):
For the meeting/guest/banquet, in the northeast corner of/hall, put/eight feet/obstacle (just/entertain guests/hold a banquet, in the northeast corner of/hall,/{this is to stop reading for yourself}, put/eight feet/obstacle)
Full/silent, no/dare to wow. (No/noisy people)
Hehe ~ the strokes are thin. The reading of classical Chinese is actually read separately, so as to better understand the connotation and emotion of the works. To put it bluntly, it is based on the sense of language (that is, the nature of our usual pause). Generally speaking, it can be divided according to the meaning of a sentence, and there is no authoritative division.
Try more and you'll feel it.