First of all, I recommend Qian Xuesen
When the news of the birth of the People's Republic of China reached the United States, Qian Xuesen and his wife Jiang Ying could not restrain their inner joy and discussed arriving as soon as possible. Go back to your motherland and serve your country. At this time, the United States, led by McCarthy, launched a comprehensive pursuit of communists, and set off a hysterical fanaticism across the United States that drove employees to be loyal to the U.S. government. Because Qian Xuesen was suspected of being a communist and refused to expose his friends, the US military department suddenly revoked his certificate to participate in classified research. This made him very angry. Qian Xuesen used this as the reason for requesting to return to China. However, Qian Xuesen never expected that his intention to return to China would lead to a disaster! The U.S. Undersecretary of the Navy said: "He knows the core secrets of all U.S. missile projects. One Qian Xuesen is worth five Marine divisions. I would rather shoot this guy than let him go back to China!" Another said the undersecretary. He said, "My intention was not to arrest him, it's terrible" and "This is the stupidest thing this country has ever done."
Since then, political persecution against him in the United States has followed one after another. The immigration authorities raided his home and detained him on Termina Island for 14 days. They released him only after receiving a huge bail of $15,000 from the California Institute of Technology. Later, customs confiscated his luggage, including 800 kilograms of books and notebooks. They insisted it contained classified material. In fact, Qian Xuesen had asked them to check before packing. After the U.S. Attorney reviewed all his materials again, he proved to be aboveboard.
News of Qian Xuesen’s persecution in the United States quickly spread to China, and New China was shocked! Friends in the domestic science and technology community expressed support for Qian Xuesen through various channels. The Party Central Committee is extremely concerned about Qian Xuesen's situation in the United States. The Chinese government publicly issued a statement condemning the US government for imprisoning Qian Xuesen against his will.
In April 1954, the United States, Britain, China, the Soviet Union and France held an international conference in Geneva to discuss and resolve the Korean issue and restore peace in Indochina. Zhou Enlai, the head of the Chinese delegation attending the meeting, thought that a group of Chinese students and scientists were detained in the United States, so he instructed that since the Americans asked British diplomats to clear relations with us, we should seize this opportunity and open up new ones. Contact channels.
On June 5, 1954, Wang Bingnan, Secretary-General of the Chinese delegation, began preliminary discussions with the US representative and Deputy Secretary of State Johnson on the issue of expatriates in the two countries. The United States submitted to China a list of American nationals in China and some American military personnel detained by China, and asked China to give them a chance to return home. In order to show China's sincerity, Zhou Enlai instructed Wang Bingnan to make generous concessions at the third Sino-US meeting on June 15, 1954, and also asked the United States to stop detaining Qian Xuesen and other Chinese personnel studying in the United States.
However, China’s legitimate request was unreasonably rejected by the United States. On July 21, 1954, the Geneva Conference concluded. In order not to interrupt the communication channel, Zhou Enlai instructed Wang Bingnan to agree with the United States to hold consular-level talks in Geneva starting from July 22, 1954. In order to further show China's sincerity in the Sino-US talks, China released four detained American pilots.
China's high profile is ultimately to win over Qian Xuesen and other scientists studying in the United States to return to China as soon as possible - but on this key issue, US Representative Johnson still refused to let go of the real reason that China could not afford the money for Xuesen to return to China. .
Just when Premier Zhou Enlai was very anxious about this, Chen Shutong, then vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, received a letter from the other side of the ocean. He opened it and saw it signed "Qian Xuesen". He couldn't help but feel his heart tremble, and he quickly read the letter. The content of the letter turned out to be a request for the government of his motherland to help him return to the country.
This letter was sent by Qian Xuesen to Vice Chairman Chen Shutong in a letter written on a small cigarette paper and sent home to a relative (Jiang Ying's sister) in Belgium when he escaped from spy surveillance. Regarding such an extraordinary letter from overseas, Chen Shutong was well aware of its weight and sent it to Premier Zhou on the same day. "This is really great. This can completely refute the lies of the US government!" Premier Zhou Enlai immediately made careful arrangements and asked the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to quickly forward the letter to Wang Bingnan, who was holding Sino-US ambassadorial talks in Geneva, and gave Wang Bingnan instructions: : "This letter is very valuable. It is ironclad evidence that the US authorities are still obstructing the return of Chinese civilians. You must use this letter to expose their lies during negotiations."
1954 At the beginning of the Sino-US ambassadorial talks on August 1, Wang Bingnan took the lead in saying to Johnson: "Mr. Ambassador, before we start our discussion, I am ordered to inform you of the following news: The Chinese government decided on July 31 in accordance with China's legal procedures. Early release of 11 American pilots including Anovi. They left Beijing on July 31, 1954 and are expected to arrive in Hong Kong on August 4, 1954. I hope that this measure taken by the Chinese government will have an impact on our situation. The talks had a positive impact.
But when it came to the issue of Qian Xuesen's return to the country, Johnson repeated his old tune: "There is no evidence that Qian Xuesen is going to return to the country, and the US government cannot force him to do so!" So, Wang Bingnan showed Qian Xuesen's letter to Chen Shutong and refuted it confidently: "Since the U.S. government issued an announcement as early as April 1955, allowing scholars studying in the United States to come and go freely, why did the Chinese scientist Dr. Qian Xuesen in June What about writing to the Chinese government asking for help? Apparently, Chinese scholars are still being blocked in their requests to return home. "In the face of the facts, Johnson was speechless. The U.S. government had to approve Qian Xuesen's request to return to the country. On August 4, 1955, Qian Xuesen received a notice from the U.S. Immigration Service allowing him to return to the country.
September 1955 On March 17, Qian Xuesen's dream of returning to China finally came true! On this day, Qian Xuesen, his wife Jiang Ying, and their two young children boarded the ship "Cleveland President" and embarked on the journey back to the motherland.
Due to Qian Xuesen's return to serve in China, China's launch of missiles and atomic bombs moved forward for at least 20 years.
Ji Hongchang
In 1895, a family named Ji was born in Lutan Town, Fugou County, Henan Province. The backyard of the small teahouse was named Hongchang. For Hongchang's father Ji Junting, adding more people to his family was a happy event, but with more mouths to eat, Ji Hongchang finally made it to the age of 18, just when Feng Yuxiang was there. Henan was recruiting troops, so he signed up to join the army, and from then on he began his lifelong military career.
Ji Hongchang has regarded Yue Fei, Wen Tianxiang, etc. as his heroes since he was a child, so in the army, he was sincere to others and endured hardships. He was hardworking, abided by military regulations, brave and good at fighting, so he was known as "Ji Bold", and the troops he led were known as the "Iron Army". By 1930, when Ji Hongchang was 35 years old, he was promoted to the 22nd Route of the National Army. The commander-in-chief of the army, it was just after the Northern Expedition, and Japanese imperialism was eyeing China. However, the Kuomintang used the pretext of "reconciling foreign affairs before settling the domestic affairs" and desperately tried to kill the Communist Party. At this time, Ji Hongchang was ordered to attack Hubei, Henan, and Anhui. In the Soviet area, he disguised himself as a small furnace maker on the front line and entered the Soviet area. He saw the real situation of the Communist Party with his own eyes. He felt enlightened and set a goal for himself: "If you fall into the wrong door, pull out your legs! " So he prepared to lead his troops in an uprising. Unexpectedly, Chiang Kai-shek received a secret report and quickly relieved Ji Hongchang of his military power and expelled him abroad in the name of "inspection".
On the eve of Ji Hongchang's departure abroad, September· When the incident happened on August 18, he was "heartbroken" when he heard the news, and said with tears: "The national crisis is facing us, and all conscientious soldiers should risk their lives to save the country! " He insisted on staying in the country and fighting Japanese imperialism to the end, but Chiang Kai-shek was indifferent and still forced him to go abroad. Ji Hongchang, full of grief and indignation, had no choice but to leave "But let the dragon city fly" on the wall of the hotel where he stayed in Shanghai. The poem "I will not teach Huma how to cross the Yinshan Mountains" illustrates his ambition.
Ji Hongchang, who is deeply patriotic, suffered ethnic discrimination in the United States. Someone told him, "You said you were Japanese." Ji Hongchang was furious and said: "You think it's embarrassing to be Chinese, but I think it's glorious to be Chinese! "To this end, he specially made a wooden badge with the words in English: "I am Chinese!" "And wear it anytime and anywhere, facing those who look down on the Chinese, and using the self-esteem of the Chinese nation to challenge the racial discrimination in the United States.
Ji Hongchang was promoting anti-Japanese resistance abroad everywhere. Once at a press conference, someone asked He said: “Japan has aircraft and artillery, so why should China resist Japan? He clapped his chest and replied angrily: "We have hot blood, the blood of 40 million people. The Chinese people's anger has reached the extreme. Everyone has the determination to 'better to be broken than to be destroyed', and is willing to sacrifice everything." Fight for survival! Fight for the truth! "When he arrived in Havana, the capital of Cuba, there was a gathering of overseas Chinese there to commemorate the 65th anniversary of the birth of Sun Yat-sen. He was invited to give an impassioned anti-Japanese speech at the meeting. After listening to it, many people burst into tears. One overseas Chinese loudly said: "General Ji, you Go back home quickly and reorganize the army. We will definitely be your backing! After hearing this, Ji Hongchang said excitedly: "I will definitely live up to the aspirations of my compatriots and swear to the death to drive Japanese imperialism out of China!" After saying this, he burst into tears, raised his arms and shouted: "Down with Japanese imperialism!" Give me back my mountains and rivers! At this time, the overseas Chinese present also burst into tears and shouted: "Sacrifice everything and fight to the end!" ".