Analysis:
Introduction to Jinshan Temple Scenic Area:
At the entrance of Jinshan Temple, I looked up at the plaque of "Jiangtian Temple", which was written by Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty when he came to Jinshan to pray with the Empress Dowager. Jiangtian Temple, namely Jinshan Temple, is a famous Zen temple in China since ancient times. It was built in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and has a history of 1500 years. Formerly known as Zexin Temple, it was called Jinshan Temple in the early Tang Dynasty. The temple is large in scale, with more than 3,000 monks, and there were tens of thousands of monks in its heyday. In Qing Dynasty, Jinshan Temple, Putuo Temple, manjusri temple and daming temple were listed as the four famous temples in China.
Due to the different beliefs of the emperor at that time, Jinshan Temple was changed from a temple twice. Once, during the Tang Dynasty, Jinshan Temple was changed to Longyou Temple for nearly 200 years. Once again, in the fourth year of Song Dynasty, because Huizong Zhao Ji was a Taoist, Longyou Temple was changed to Jade Qing Wanshou Palace (Taoist view), which was the first in the world. Later renamed Longyou Temple.
Generally, the temple gate faces south, and the Jinshan Temple gate faces west. Here is an interesting legend.
It is said that a long time ago, the gate of Jinshan Temple was also facing south. Jinshan Temple was repeatedly burned, and the mountain gate often gave out a burst of earth-shattering roar. At that time, the monk in charge of Jinshan was deeply disturbed and thought it was a bit odd, so he invited a wandering monk to predict. Monk Yunyou walked around the temple and said to the abbot, "Master, you have offended the Jade Emperor. You have to change your direction." After hearing this, the abbot repeatedly put his hands together and said, "Sin!" So he ordered people to change the mountain gate to a west-facing gate.
Legend is a legend after all, and there is a real reason why the gate of Jinshan Temple faces west. According to the analysis of historical data, the architect's building facing the west gate at that time had a purpose. Because the ancient Jinshan stands in the center of the Yangtze River, visitors can see the mighty river running down through the gate facing west, which is in line with the poem "The river of no return comes from Shanxi". This is the uniqueness of architects.
Introduction of Beigushan Scenic Area
Located on the bank of the Yangtze River, Beigushan is the "Three Kingdoms Mountain". But it is a mountain full of heroic spirit. Because of the story of Sun Liulian's marriage, for thousands of years, countless literati landed in Gu Bei and expressed their feelings on the spot, leaving many magnificent poems that swallowed mountains and rivers.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei came to Kanluoji to get married. When he saw Gu Beiyi standing by the river, the water and the sky were the same, and the scenery was magnificent, he could not help but admire: "This is the first famous mountain in the world." .
Sun Liulian's marriage has lasted for thousands of years. The story of Sun Liulian's marriage left a strong impression in Beigushan, whether it was handed down from generation to generation or word of mouth.
Kanluoji stands on the top of the back peak of Gubei Mountain, so Gubei Mountain is called "Temple Mountain". In the fifty-fourth chapter of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the story of "Wu Guotai Buddhist Temple meets the groom, and Liu Huangshu's wedding continues" happened here.
After Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou from Wu Dong, and Zhou Yu offered advice to Sun Quan. With his younger sister Sun Shangxiang as bait, he set a honey trap to lure Liu Bei into Beijing to get married, and took him hostage to recapture Jingzhou. Zhuge Liang played along, making Sun Liu's marriage a reality, and making Soochow lose his wife and soldiers. This is a story sung in Beijing Opera.
Beigushan is located in the east of the city, 53 meters high. It is one of the three scenic spots in Jingkou, with dangerous situation and beautiful scenery, and it is in a corner with Jinshan and Jiao Shan. In ancient times, Gu Bei was more popular with tourists, so it was called "the first mountain in Jingkou". Overlooking Gu Bei, across the river, the stone walls are steep and the mountains are steep, hence the name Gu Beishan. 1400 years ago, Liang Wudi climbed the mountain, praised its shape, changed its ancient style and changed its name to Mountain.
Beigushan consists of three parts: forward, middle peak and Hou Feng. Hou Feng is the main peak of Gu Bei, backed by the Yangtze River, surrounded by mountains and waters, with cliffs. It is the place with the best scenery, and the famous Kanluoji is built on the top of the mountain. Climbing to the top of the mountain, looking at Jiao Shan in the east and Jinshan in the west, across the river, Yangzhou Pingshan Hall is clearly visible, which really makes people feel that "two mountains are small, and Wu Chu is separated by a river". A famous person once wrote a jingle: "The Yangtze River is like an inkstone wave. When it comes to gold coke, you can grind it. An iron tower can be used as a pen, and the sky is enough to write a few lines "to praise the magnificent scenery of Beigu Mountain. Canluoji pavilions are beautifully dressed, and Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in the poem "Wang Yong Dong Xun Ge":
Danyang Gu Bei is a property manager, painting a cloud and water room on the balcony;
Now, the war between Titan and the sea has been burning, Wang Yong's army is patrolling the east, and the battle flag is flying around the river between the blue mountains.
It not only depicts the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers in Beigushan, but also tells the danger of the situation in Beigushan, a military important place in China. Look at China, where can you see the beautiful buildings in the north, how many things rise and fall, how many things flow on the river, how young you are, and who is the hero in the world? Cao Liu, have a baby like Sun Zhongmou.
In A.D. 1205, Xin Qiji, a great poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, boarded Gu Bei to see the mountain scenery, in order to express his eternal farewell.
When people talk about Gubei people, people will think of the story of "He Lv married Liu Bei" in the Three Kingdoms. Most of the historical sites on the mountain are really related to the historical facts of the Sun-Liu Alliance. To the south of Beigushan is the wall of Tieweng City built by Sun Quan during the Three Kingdoms period. Its situation is majestic and steep, so the story of the Three Kingdoms has become the main material for historical literati to travel to Beigushan to write poems. Many poets in the past dynasties like to meet and enjoy here. Su Dongpo, Shen Kuo, Mi Fei, Lu You, Xin Qiji and others left many poems sung through the ages.
Beigushan also occupies an important position in modern times and modern history, and Longgeng is the site of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom New Town. East of Beigushan is the execution ground where * * * shot and killed revolutionary martyrs during the Second Revolutionary Civil War. At present, there are martyrs' cemeteries, martyrs' monuments and martyrs' deeds exhibition halls on Qianfeng Mountain, which have become places to cherish the memory of martyrs and carry out traditional education of patriotic revolution.
Marshal Chen Yi once admired the victory of Beigushan. Boarding the multi-view building, he said, "picturesque mountains and rivers are the Wan Li map of the Yangtze River!"
Beigushan tourist route
Qinghui Pavilion-Iron Tower-Stone Carving of "The First Mountain in the World"-Inscription of "South Xu Jingyu"-Ancient Kanroji-Liu Ma Creek-Malicious Stone-Scenic Building-Lingyun Pavilion-Taishi Ci Tomb-Sword Test Stone
iron tower
The iron tower is the main cultural relic of Beigushan, located next to Qinghui Pavilion. Built in the first year of Yuanfeng in Beining (1078), it has a history of more than 900 years. Originally it was level 9, but the tsunami destroyed the seven floors above during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and it was changed to level 7 when it was rebuilt. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, it was struck by lightning again, destroying the five floors above. Before liberation, the tower was in ruins. After liberation, the local government attached great importance to the restoration of the iron tower, adding the fourth and fifth grades of the existing Ming Dynasty replicas. During the renovation, a large number of cultural relics, including gold coffins, silver combs, relics, and inscriptions and stone carvings written by Li Deyu, were excavated under the tower foundation. According to the records of cultural relics, the tower was built by Li Deyu, Emperor Taizong, who served as the secretariat of Runzhou for three years in Bao Liyuan, and was destroyed in Ganfu. The pagoda was built on the ruins of stone pagodas in Song, Yuan and Feng Dynasties.
The Tower is also called the Gong Wei Tower. During the Song Dynasty, a fire broke out in Beigushan Mountain, and the jade bucket at the foot of the mountain went up in smoke. Only the pagoda at the foot of the mountain and Haiyue Temple, where Mi Fei lived, survived. There is a humorous poem in Mi Fei's "Looking at Luo Ji in Runzhou", "God guards the public tower, leaving meters in the sky".
The structure of the iron tower is a plane octagon. There is a tower foundation (that is, lotus) under it, with four doors on each floor and a waist eaves. Each floor is cast with exquisite Buddha statues and flying sculptures, which are lifelike. Beautiful cloud and water patterns and dragon play beads are cast on the giant lotus platform. The four doors on the tower on the second floor and the bodhisattva reliefs on both sides of the doors are in the same direction as the first floor. In the southeast, two lines of the Northern Wei Dynasty were cast, that is, "the national border is peaceful" and "Falun often turns", and nine lines of inscriptions were arranged in the northeast. It's ruptured due east. This tower not only has high artistic value, but also shows the exquisite casting technology of ancient iron smelting workers in China. It is a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit.
Stone carving of "the first mountain in the world"
The stone carving "the first mountain in the world" is a rectangular stone with beautiful handwriting and great verve. Now it is horizontally embedded in the slope wall of Kanluoji in Beigu Mountain. Legend has it that during the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei came to Wu Dong to get married, and Sun Quan stopped to accompany Liu Bei to see the river view. When he saw Beigushan standing on the riverside and the road of no return, it was endless and magnificent, and he could not help but admire: "Beigushan is really the best mountain in the world." Later, when Liang Wudi visited Gu Bei, he saw the scenery of Jiangshan was very spectacular. He cheerfully wrote down the six characters "the best in the world", left them on the mountain and lost them. Wu Ju, a famous collector in Song Dynasty, rewrote these six words. During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (1665), the Zhenjiang government ordered Cheng to copy the music stone and embed it in the gallery wall.
The title of "Xu Jingyu"
At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, there was chaos in the north, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was on the left side of the Yangtze River, building his capital. At that time, northerners went south in succession, overseas Chinese in the Eastern Jin Dynasty set up Xuzhou, and the state administration was in Jingkou. In the Liu and Song Dynasties, it was officially named South Xuzhou, and since then, South Xu has become an alias of Zhenjiang.
There is a couplet on the ticket door opposite the wall of the "Best in the World" corridor:
The land is narrow and the sky is wide.
Floating waves swept Dong Yu from Sun Wu.
This couplet was written by Su Jiankuan, a famous painter and calligrapher in Zhenjiang in the late Qing Dynasty. It not only expresses the majestic momentum of Beigushan, but also points out the construction age of Kanluoji, which spans "South Xu Jingyu", which can be described as concise and profound.
Gu Kanroji
Kanluoji on the back peak of Beigushan Mountain is said to be the wedding hall of Liu Bei during the Three Kingdoms period. Built in the early period of Dongwu, the temple was written by Zhang Fei. In Tang Dynasty, Li Deyu gave alms to the homestead and expanded Kanluoji. After that, Kanluoji was promoted and deposed several times. Kanluoji was originally built at the foot of the mountain. During the reign of Song Xiangfu (10 10), the monk Zuxuan (who was once the uncle of a prince) was transferred to the imperial court because of the collapse of the temple and wanted to move to the mountain. Zhenzong issued a special imperial edict, ordering the transporter Yao Chen to move the temple to the mountain and give him 4,000 mu of fertile land. After the relocation, the temples are large in scale, with rows of pavilions and pavilions, which are magnificent. Fu Yuan was destroyed by fire in the past few years and will be rebuilt soon. Jianyan was destroyed by soldiers and Shaoxing was rebuilt. The present Kanlou was built by Huang Zu and others who observed Zhenjiang during Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty (1890).
Although Kanluoji is small in scale, it is famous. This is related to a fascinating story in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Sun Quan formed an alliance with Liu Bei in West Shu to defend Cao Cao, a powerful enemy in the north. However, both Wu and Shu want to capture Jingzhou, which is an important town in western Hubei near the Yangtze River. Sun Quan and Zhou Yu set a honey trap, that is, Sun Quan's sister Sun Shangxiang pretended to invite Liu Bei to Jingkou with the intention of detaining Liu Bei and forcing him to hand over Jingzhou. Zhuge Liang, who was resourceful in Shu, saw through Sun Quan's honey trap and tricks. He played along and urged Sun Quan's mother, Wu Guotai, to go to Kanluoji for a blind date. When Wu Guotai saw Liu Bei's "two earlobes, ape arm knee-length", he was extremely satisfied, so Sun Liu's marriage was realized. Traditional operas such as Beijing Opera "Liu Bei's Marriage" and "He Lv Ji" have always been very popular. Visitors to Zhenjiang from ancient times to the present like to visit here and look for the remains of Liu Bei's marriage.
Liumajian
Jian, located in the north of Shanxi Province, is said to be the place where Sun and Liu compete privately. Liu Bei came to Wu Dong to get married. One day, he and Sun Quan were drinking in Kanluoji. I saw the mighty river wind and white waves holding up the sky. There is a boat on the crest of the wave. If the ship is on the ground, Liu Bei can't help but admire: "Southerners are good at sailing, while northerners are good at riding horses." Hearing this, Sun Quan thought, "Is Liu Bei laughing at my inability to ride a horse?" He ordered the horse to be led left and right, flew on horseback, galloped down the mountain, returned to the ridge with a whip, and said to Liu Bei, "Do southerners really not know how to ride horses?" Hearing this, Liu Bei took off his clothes, mounted his horse, galloped down the hill and returned to the mountain. They parked their horses on the hillside, raised their whips and laughed. Later generations called the place where they raced horses "Liumajian", also known as "stationed in Ma Po" and "Zoumajian". In the 12th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1639), Cheng Ming, the magistrate, slightly trimmed the Liu Ma River and ordered a simple brick road to be built. In the second year, Zhu Yunwen, a native of Lang (now Yunnan), carved the word "Liu Ma Sword" on the stone wall of Linjiang, which is still in existence. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Changbai woodcut inscribed the word "Ancient Zoumaxi", which was the banner of the round gate on the mountain. Now standing at the northwest foot of Hou Feng, you can also see the terrain of "two walls sandwiched by trees, connected in a line, reaching the top of the mountain".
Rough stone
Hard stone, also known as Shiyang, is on the west side of Duoguan Building. It looks like a lying sheep, about the size of a real sheep, with no head. The left abdomen of Shiyang is engraved with the word "malicious stone". According to legend, Sun Quan once sat on it, and negotiated with Liu Bei to break Cao's plan and decide Battle of Red Cliffs's plan.
In Fu Jian (1098- 1 100) in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the hard stone was stripped by fire, and the monk once replaced it with a fake stone sheep. In the 14th year of Ming Dynasty (15 19), the county magistrate Teng Mi found a malicious stone in the corner of the martial arts field at the foot of the mountain, erected a monument and built a pavilion for it, and wrote a note. Later, the pavilion was abandoned and the stones were abandoned in the fields. Ming Dantu ordered Pang to look for the malicious stone again, reported it to the county magistrate, rebuilt the pavilion and erected a monument, wrote a note, and hung a plaque of "Wuhou Stone" on the pavilion. Now the malicious stone was moved from the intersection of Nanhuangchang in Lvzhu Lane (now Lvzhu Lane) in the 16th year of Guangxu (1890). Hard rock has really gone through many vicissitudes!
Polycrystalline tower
In the north of Kanluoji, near the Yangtze River in the north, there is a pavilion with beams and cornices. This is the multi-view building, which is also called the three famous buildings in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River with the Yellow Crane Tower in Hubei and Yueyang Tower in Hunan.
The multi-view building was built in the Tang Dynasty, and its name was taken from the poem "Hanging Windows of Linjiang Pavilion" by Li Deyu, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty. The multi-view building is a two-story building with four cloisters and a panoramic view. The multi-view building is also called "the first building in the world". Because Mi Fei, a great painter in the Song Dynasty, wrote the poem "The first floor in the world", Mi Fei also wrote these seven words in calligraphy as the plaque of the building, which is still on the ground floor door of the building.
Multi-view buildings have many aliases. According to legend, during the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei married Kan Luoji, and Wu Guotai once had a blind date here, also known as Xu Xianglou. Sun Quan's sister Sun Shangxiang dressed here before she got married, so it is also called the dressing room.
Now the multi-view building has been renovated, and the decoration is simple and gorgeous, which makes people linger.