The ancients vividly evaluated its geographical position, saying, "Wuyuan is controlled on the left, Huilan is controlled on the right, Liu Huang is surrounded in the north and blocked in the south." According to the shoulder of eight counties and the key of three towns, "the road to return home is dangerous, and there are many small officials and peaks", which has been the main throat of Guanzhong leading to the western regions beyond the Great Wall since ancient times. When the ancient city of Guyuan was built is little known. In 65438 BC+065438 BC+04 BC (the third year of Emperor Ding Yuan), Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty established Anding County to govern Gaoping City (now Guyuan County), which is clearly recorded in the history books. Because of its solid and profound city, it is known as the first city in Gaoping in history. It has been repaired many times in the future. In the first month of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Yuanzhou City (Guyuan City) was newly built in four years (569). This is a new city after the space expansion from the original Gaoping ancient city, and the original Gaoping city has become the inner city of the new city. Since then, Guyuan City has formed a pattern of inner city and outer city. Guyuan in Ming Dynasty was one of the nine military towns established by the Ming government in the northwest border area, and it was also the residence of the governor of Shaanxi Trilateral Region. The city defense has been greatly strengthened, which is the most glorious period in the history of Guyuan city, and Guyuan city has also become an important town in the northwest. Jingtai built the inner city for three years (1450). Chenghua five years (1469), built the inner city. In the fifteenth year of Hongzhi (1502), Qin, the governor of Trilateral Region, built Waiguan City. In the third year of Wanli (1575), the history of the trilateral governor presided over the delivery of bricks from the outer city. Since then, the final pattern and system of Guyuan City have been basically laid. Inner city: nine miles and three points, three feet and five feet high; 1 0,046 cribs; There are 28 batteries. Outer city: thirteen miles and seven points, three feet and six feet high; 1, 573 cribs; Fortress 31. There are three Dongcheng Gates, built in Wanli, and there are two famous gates: Anbian Gate and Baoning Gate; There are four gates in Nancheng, which were built in Wanli period and have two titles: Qin Zhen Gate and Zhenyi Gate; There are two west city gates, built in Wanli, where celebrities are together: Weiyuan Gate; The north gate, built in Wanli, is called Jingshuo Gate. The model of Guyuan City in Qing Dynasty restored by Guyuan Museum is the historical epitome of Guyuan City. Now, the northwest corner of Guyuan outer city is well preserved, and you can see the majesty and grace of Guyuan city.
Guyuan is a famous historical city. During the Warring States Period, Qin Changcheng passed around the city from northeast to southeast, and the nearest city was only 10. When Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty added Anding County, Guyuan was the residence of Anding County and Gaoping County. Among the unearthed cultural relics, there is a ceramic drainage pipe of the Han Dynasty, which was used by urban sewers, showing that its city scale has been considerable. From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, Yuanzhou was established here. Since the third year of Jingtai in the Song Dynasty (A.D. 1452), the town has been set up as a garrison, at the same level as the state and in Guyuan. Why is it called Guyuan Legend has it that Guyuan was ruled by overseas Chinese in Pingliang, Zhenyuan and other places in Gansu after the Tang Dynasty did not fall into Tubo. Guyuan was called "Old Yuanzhou", so it was renamed Guyuan. Second, "the Northern Wei Dynasty used this place to set up Yuanzhou, which was named after its dangerous place". It has a history of 1300 years since the city was built in the fifth year of Xiaoming in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 524). 1575, Ming Shenzong Wanli three years, Guyuan city expansion, divided into inner city and outer city. The inner city is made of bricks, tall and majestic. After the Qing Dynasty, due to the destruction of war and earthquake, Guyuan Mountain City gradually declined. Now we can see the ruins of the city wall, including the inner city and the outer city. The inner city was a garrison town in the Song Dynasty, and the outer city was built in the third year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1575).
Guyuan, with its dangerous terrain, is an important military town, a battleground for military strategists and a major traffic artery. Around Guyuan, there were strong customs and locks in the past dynasties. Zhao Haoqi of Qin built the Great Wall here in order not to let Yiqu guard it; Xiaoguan, founded in Han Dynasty, is the gateway to the north of Guanzhong. Longshan Pass was established in the Tang Dynasty and is one of the six passes in China. Tangyuan House Seven Pass is also around Guyuan. The famous Silk Road also runs from Chang 'an via Guyuan and Haiyuan to the western countries. Guyuan, one of the nine towns along the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty, was once the residence of the general governor and commander-in-chief.
Guyuan is the place where emperors came to Ningxia the most. Because of its important role in the military, "the river is blocked outside, the dragon mouth is made inside, and the Qin cool is introduced inside, so it is paved". It is said that in the second year after Qin Shihuang unified China (220 BC), he toured the north and found that the climate here was refreshing and pleasant, so he stopped driving Guyuan for the summer and went to Jitou Mountain between Pingliang and Jingyuan.
In the Han Dynasty, Anding County was set up in Guyuan area, and Guyuan City was the seat of county administration. General Wei Qing and Huo Qubing attacked the Xiongnu in the north and recovered the desert in the north and south. From 1 12 BC to 88 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty visited the northern border defense six times, which was known as "Fortunately" in history, which is today's Guyuan.
In 32 AD, Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, led a great army, set out from Luoyang, the capital city, and passed through Chang 'an to reach the "Gaoping First City", which is now Guyuan City, to crusade against the rebels. "More than a dozen people surrendered."
During the Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Helian Bobo, the ruler of the Xia Dynasty, killed Sheben, the leader of the Qiang people's Li Duo department, annexed Gaoping (Guyuan), and later called himself "Xia Wang", making Guyuan its capital.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, in 534 AD, Wen Tai, the actual ruler of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the founder of the Western Wei Dynasty, was also the ancestor of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Later, he was honored as Emperor Wen in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. In order to crusade against Hou Yue, he marched from Luoyang, the capital, to Yuanzhou (now Guyuan), and then sent troops to crush the enemy.
Wen Tai's son, Yuwen Yong, and his younger brother, Wen Kuan, were fostered in Li Xian's home in Yuanzhou (now Guyuan) of the Northern Zhou Dynasty for six years. Later, Li Xian became a general, and later became the emperor of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, known as Emperor Wu of Zhou Dynasty. I often come to Yuan Zhou and Li Xian's house, regardless of the monarch and ministers, but sit in order of age.
After liberation, the party and the government built Guyuan, and the old city took on a new look, which made this ancient city with 1000 years of youth. 1953, Hui autonomous regions of (Kyrgyzstan), Hai (Yuan) and Gu (Yuan) were established here; 1955, changed to Xihaigu Autonomous Prefecture; 1958, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established; Cancel the organizational system of autonomous prefecture, set up Guyuan area, and Guyuan is the regional resident.
After more than 40 years of construction, Guyuan city is dotted with buildings, with wide streets, elegant environment and trees. There are many places of interest near Guyuan County, which have been developed into tourist attractions for tourists to visit.
Time has passed, camel bells on the ancient Silk Road have long been unheard of, and the ancient city of Wating has long since disappeared, leaving only mottled monuments for people to mourn: the ancient road of Qin Changcheng is magnificent for hundreds of miles, and its glory is still there; The Xumishan Grottoes were built in the Northern Dynasty and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. They are large in scale and beautifully carved. They are one of the top ten famous grottoes in China, and they are also famous Buddhist shrines, and are known as "Dunhuang in Ningxia". At present, the giant sitting Buddha carved in the Tang Dynasty (AD 849) is well preserved. Looking up to the Buddha, for thousands of years, regardless of wind and rain, he has influenced all beings with a kind smile; In addition, Liupanshan Mountain in Guyuan is also very famous. It is both a strategic place and a summer resort. 1935 10 When Mao Zedong led the Central Red Army to cross Liupanshan, he wrote "Qingpingle; Liupanshan, 196 1 September, I personally wrote the first word "Today, I have a long tassel in my hand, when can I tie the black dragon?" "Not only poetry is ancient and modern, but calligraphy is vigorous and powerful. At the same time, the natural scenery on Liupanshan Mountain is also very distinctive, such as "Liupan Bird Path", "Panshan Xiaocui" and "Gaomei Cangsong", which have long been famous and beautiful.
Guyuan ancient city, simple folk customs and profound historical details, colorful Islamic architecture and colorful ethnic customs make this ancient city shine in the northwest frontier.