Introduction: Huainan Xiaoshan is the name of some of the followers of Liu An, King of Huainan in the Western Han Dynasty. The following is an appreciation of "The Hermit" created by Huainan Xiaoshan. Welcome to refer to it!
"The Hermit" gives people a special feeling of being terrifying and soul-stirring. The author uses strong subjective emotions and exaggerated and exaggerated techniques to describe the dangers of deep mountains and valleys and the sadness of roaring tigers and apes, creating a shocking artistic realm and successfully expressing the eagerness for the early return of the hermit. The whole article is full of emotion, profound meaning, harmonious syllables, and touching words, which will be passed down to future generations. By depicting mountains, rivers, valleys, craggy rocks, and tigers, leopards, and bears running and roaring in the deep forests and valleys, the mountains and rivers are condensed, exaggerated, and deformed, so that the natural birds, beasts, and real mountains and waters can be transformed into artistic images. It renders a deep, weird and decorative atmosphere, filled with depressed, sad and lingering emotions, expressing the theme that kings and grandsons cannot stay for a long time. It makes people seem to hear a call echoing in the cliff valley: "Wang Sunxi is back!"
The frightening scenery in the mountains hints at the complexity of the political situation in the DPRK and the danger of King Huainan's situation, and is exhorted in the form of Chu Ci that King Huainan loves. Such speculation should be more reasonable. .
The full text can be divided into two parts: the first part starts from the beginning to "The crickets chirp and chirp." The main description is that the princes and grandchildren who pursue the fragrance of cinnamon branches (symbolizing virtue) are drowned in the deep mountains and ravines where tigers and leopards are infested and the mournful apes are heard, causing anxiety and uneasiness among relatives and friends. Spring grass and autumn weeds are used to express the author's lingering thoughts and regrets. feeling.
The second part starts from "山西偱" to the end of the chapter, using the majestic mountains and rocks, the dense mist, the rushing tigers and leopards, and the deepness of the woods to exaggerate the eerie and terrifying nature of the mountains, and to describe the separation. A group of animals and animals were running around and calling out like their own kind, urging the king and grandson to return.
"Recruiting Hermits" in Huainan Xiaoshan follows the footsteps of "The Songs of Chu", but also separates the path, "reciting its mountains and rivers" and "hunting for its erotic poems" to express the deep and melodious sentiments and melodiousness. mood. The so-called "reciting the mountains and rivers" refers to the description of the mountains and rivers, misty forests and the environment in this article, as well as the use of artistic techniques such as symbolic symbols and atmosphere in the description. It is mainly transplanted, borrowed and then re-added from the poems of Qu and Song Dynasties. Edited and clever. In the description of mountains and rivers, misty forests, or tigers and leopards, especially in the description of nature, which has been condensed, exaggerated, and deformed to exaggerate the atmosphere, turning it into an artistic image and artistic realm where humans and gods are mixed, Qu Song's poems and poems have already There are many successful examples, which can be represented by "Nine Songs: Mountain Ghost" and "Nine Chapters: Crossing the River".
"Mountain Ghost" describes the deep and dangerous environment in which the mountain gods live: "The rest of the place is dark and dark, and the sky is nowhere to be seen, and the road is dangerous and difficult, and only those who come later", "The clouds are rugged and down below." "The Qiang is dim and the day is dim", "Three beauties are gathered in the mountains, the rocks are covered with vines and vines", "The people in the mountains are as fragrant as Du Ruo, drinking from the stone springs are shaded by pines and cypresses". The description uses the sound of thunder, rain, wind, wood, and the chirping of squirrels to form a bleak and frightening scene in the middle of the night in the mountains: "Thunder fills the rain, squirrels chirp at night, and the wind rustles and the trees rustle... …”
The description of Qu Yuan’s secluded environment in the mountains alone in “Shejiang” is also breathtaking: “When I entered Xupu, I was confused and didn’t know what I was doing. It was so dark in the deep forest. The mountain is so high that it blocks out the sun, and it is dark and rainy. The sky is covered with snow, and the clouds are falling. I am sad that I am so lonely in the mountains. Corresponding to the scenery and Lin Shenming's descriptions, "Mountain Ghost" describes the mountain goddess who is "alone" and "a mountain"; in "She Jiang", Qu Yuan's self-image of "alone in the mountains" appears. Huainan Xiaoshan's "Recruiting Hermits" is based on Qu Yuan's work of rendering the mountains and rivers, the environmental atmosphere and the description of the emotional effects of the people in the mountains. It further describes the mountains with cliffs, cut off roads and tigers and leopards. The sinister scene then left Wang and Sun "climbing on the cassia branches" in the midst of it. Wangsun is the honorific title given to noble children and ordinary men in ancient times. "Historical Records: Biography of the Marquis of Huaiyin": "I eat in mourning for the king and grandson, how can I hope for retribution!" Sima Zhen's "Index": "Speak of the prince and grandson, and respect him." This refers to the person whom I have recruited and missed. Some scholars also think: "Huainan King Liu An is the grandson of Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty. "Historical Records: Huainan Hengshan Biography": 'The king said: My grandson of Emperor Gao personally practices benevolence and righteousness...' Calling Liu An the grandson of the king is extremely appropriate" (see Ma Maoyuan's " "Selected Songs of Chu").
When describing the mountain scenery and environmental atmosphere, "The Hermit" describes the abruptness of mountains and rocks, the desolation of vegetation, the rushing of animals, and the whining of insects. Those who wrote about mountains and rocks include "Shi Saga", "Xigu Xian Yan", "籱 Xi Ga, Shan Qu Hu", "嵚cen瀕礒西,碅磣磈狊". Among them, "嵯娨", "Xianyan", "山", "灱", "quhu", "嵚cen絕礒", and "碅磳磈礊" all describe the appearance of high mountains, dangerous roads, rugged twists and turns, and uneven terrain. Some of the poems about vegetation include: "The branches are curled up together with the crotch trees", "The spring grass is luxuriant", "The bushes are thin and deep, and people are growing tall chestnuts", "The tree rings are intertwined, and the forest trees are tangled. The green grass is mixed with the trees, and the weeds are everywhere." The grass is so wild". The poems that describe the running of animals and the whining of insects include "Apes and apes roar, tigers and leopards howl", "Tiger and leopard dens", "White deer and guppies, either flying or leaning", "Macaques and bears, admiring others with sadness" ", "Tiger and leopard fighting, bear roaring", "creeper chirping", etc.
The first two sentences, "The osmanthus trees are clustered in the secluded mountains, and the branches are curled up with the crotch trees", which describes the curves and curves of the osmanthus trees in the south and the color and fragrance of Junziyi. Virtue is the beginning, which echoes Xia Wangsun's "climbing on the osmanthus branches and chatting about the floods". The writing method is similar to the first two sentences of "Mountain Ghost" "If someone comes to the mountain, he will be picked up by flowers and pick a girl." Both appear in the first sentence. The lyrical image of chastity and fragrance is further modified in the second sentence. Among them, trees are born in "the mountains are quiet", and the sentence pattern of "people are in the mountains" is also the same. The reason why Wang and Sun stayed in the mountains was to "climb the osmanthus tree" (to pursue the virtues of the sages), which is similar to Qu Yuan's confession in "She Jiang" that "if you don't hesitate when you follow the road, you will fall into coma for the rest of your life". The difference is that "The Hermit" changes the lyrical atmosphere in "Mountain Ghost" and the melancholy color in the environmental description of "River Crossing", urgently describing the sinister scene in the mountains. The description of the environment in "Mountain Ghost" is to express the feelings of the goddess in the mountains who "resent the young master and forgets to return home"; the description of the environment in "She Jiang" is to express Qu Yuan's sadness of "helping Jiangxi"; and "The Hermit" The king and grandson in "Mountain Ghost" and "Shejiang" are just a summoned object, and there is no expression of sorrow and inner monologue of the protagonist in "Mountain Ghost" and "Shejiang". This kind of description only turns into an emotional factor in the call for the return of the king and grandson at the end of the chapter, and becomes a lingering and sad emotion that fills the readers' hearts and cannot be driven away.
In terms of "hunting for beautiful words", the use of overlapping words in "The Hermit" is also eye-catching. "Chu Ci" often uses overlapping words. In "Shan Gui", "Yunrongrong", "Yao Mingming", "Shi Leilei", "Ge Manman", "Lei Caicai", "Yu Mingming", " The "chirping", "wind rustling", and "wood rustling" exaggerate and highlight the lonely feelings and sad autumn mood of the lovelorn goddess. Gu Yanwu's "Rizhilu" said: "It is the most difficult to use overlapping characters in poetry." It's full of prosperity. On the left, the red bird is flying, and on the right, it's the leaping dragon. It's flying in front of Lian's office. "The snake is coming, the appearance of the Hutun cavalry". The use of eleven folding characters in a row is rare in later generations' poems. In "Recruiting Hermits", the overlapping words "啾啾", "苋苋", "娾'e", "Qiqi" and "掹掹" are used, etc., and "spring grass is luxuriant" and "creepers chirp and chirp" to imply the change of time. , expresses the lament for the death of the king and grandson who never return; it uses the repetitive rhythm of Qu Song's poems, and the sonorous and sometimes urgent tone processing. The overlapping of "climbing on the osmanthus branches and chatting about Yanliu", as well as the changes in the neat overlapping of "tiger and leopard roar", "tiger and leopard den", and "tiger and leopard fighting"; the three, four, five and six characters in the poem The clever interweaving of seven-character, seven-character, and eight-character sentence patterns makes "Recruiting the Hermit" "a well-organized syllable, bright and exciting".
In addition, "Recruiting Hermits" is different from the imitating Sao works by Dongfang Shuo, Wang Bao, Liu Xiang, Yang Xiong and others, and stands out among its kind. Its artistic charm is also due to its simplicity, refinement and concentration in the expression of ideological themes and chapter structure. In terms of theme, "The Hermit" has deleted all branches that might dilute the theme. The poem does not clearly state why the summoner wants to persuade Wang Sun to return, nor does it explain the relationship between Wang Sun and the summoner, nor does it allow Wang Sun to make a noble self-disclosure and inner monologue - the author does not do so at all. Let Wang Sun speak. In the poem, Wang Sun, as mentioned above, is just a noble image climbing a cassia branch that the summoner misses day and night. The ideological theme of the whole poem is just a simple, clear and concentrated call like an aria - "The king and grandson are back, I can't stay in the mountains for long!" It has been echoing in people's hearts for thousands of years.