Examples of Poetry Appreciation Questions and Question and Answer Patterns
Naturally, the answer to the questions must be based on the requirements of the test questions. As far as ancient poetry appreciation questions are concerned, five question-and-answer patterns can be generally summarized. This article analyzes them with examples for your reference.
The first mode is to analyze the artistic conception type
Questioning method: What kind of artistic conception does this poem create? Question variations: What picture does this poem paint? What thoughts and feelings does the poet express?
Answer analysis: This is the most common question type. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginative state created by the combination of objects (i.e. images) that entrust the poet's emotions. It includes three aspects: scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.
Answer steps: ①Describe the picture shown in the poem. Candidates should grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in their own words. When describing, you must first be faithful to the original poem, and second, use your own associations and imagination to recreate it. The language must be beautiful.
② Summarize the atmosphere characteristics created by the scenery. Generally, two two-syllable words can be used, such as lonely and deserted, quiet and beautiful, majestic and majestic, bleak and desolate, etc. Pay attention to accurately reflecting the characteristics and mood of the scenery.
③Analyze the author’s thoughts and feelings. Don't be vague, be specific in your answers. For example, just answering "expressing the author's sentimental feelings" is not enough. Answer why it is "sentimental".
Answer examples: Answer: This poem describes a beautiful early spring scene: the sun is shining in spring, the fields are green, the river reflects the sun, the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants, the mud melts and the soil is moist, and the swallows are busy carrying The nest is built in mud, the sun is bright and the sand is warm, and the mandarin ducks sleep peacefully on the sandbar (step 1). This is a clear and gorgeous spring scene picture (step 2). It expresses the poet's joyful and leisurely state of mind after ending his wandering life and settling down
Two quatrains (Part 1)
Du Fu
Chi Rijiangshan is beautiful, and the spring breeze is fragrant. .
Swallows fly when the mud melts, and mandarin ducks sleep in the warm sand.
Note: This poem was written when the poet temporarily settled in a thatched cottage in Chengdu after the wandering life of "one year old and four lines of labor".
What kind of scenery does this poem describe? What feelings does the poet express? Please give a brief analysis.
The second mode is analytical skills type
Questioning method: What kind of expression technique is used in this poem? Question variation: Please analyze the performance techniques (or artistic techniques, or techniques) of this poem. How does the poet express his emotions? What is the effect?
Answer analysis: Expression techniques are the means used by poets to express their emotions. To answer the question accurately, you must be familiar with some commonly used expression techniques. Expression techniques are divided into three categories: lyrical techniques, descriptive techniques, and rhetorical techniques.
There are two types of lyrical techniques: direct expression of feelings and indirect expression of emotion. "An Neng can crush my eyebrows and bend my waist to serve the powerful, which makes me unhappy" is a direct expression of my heart. Indirect expressions of emotion can be divided into expressions of emotion through scenery, such as "The cicadas are mournful, facing the long pavilion at night, and the showers have just stopped"; expressing one's ambitions based on objects, such as "Ink Plum" and "Lime Song", which are generally poems chanting objects; expressing emotions based on objects, such as "As soon as the half-acre square pond is opened, the skylight and cloud shadows are lingering. Ask the canal how clear it is, so that there is a source of living water." It is usually a philosophical poem.
The main description techniques are: (1) foil, which is divided into positive foil and reverse foil. It is like "The water in Peach Blossom Pond is a thousand feet deep, but it is not as deep as Wang Lun's sending me love." In contrast, there is movement and stillness, such as "the bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring rocks flow up"; the sound is silent, such as "the sunrise scares the mountains, and the birds sing in the spring stream"; the music and scenery are used to contrast the sadness, such as "the green grass reflects on the steps" Since the spring scenery, the oriole has a good sound in the sky through the leaves, etc. (2) Association and imagination, also known as the combination of virtual and real, such as "the wild flowers leave treasures, and the green grass reveals the skirt." (3) Contrast. (4) Line drawing. For example, "One grain of millet is planted in spring, and ten thousand seeds are harvested in autumn. There is no idle land in the fields, and all farmers starve to death."
Rhetorical techniques that often appear in ancient poetry include: (1) Bixing. Such as "Guan Guan Jujiu, in the river island. A graceful lady, a gentleman likes to fight." First, let’s talk about other things that cause the things that are being chanted. (2) Metaphor. (3) Personification. (4) Exaggeration. (5)Pun. For example, "The sun rises in the east and rains in the west. There is no sunshine but there is sunshine." "Qing" implies the "qing" of emotion. (6) Use allusions. For example, "The merchant girl did not know the hatred of the country's subjugation, but she still sang "Flowers in the Back Garden" across the river." In addition, there are hypothetical questions, rhetorical questions, irony, etc.
Answering steps: (1) Accurately indicate what method was used. (2) Explain why this technique is used based on the poem. (3) This technique effectively conveys the poet's feelings.
Example of answer:
Early answer: Mainly using the contrast technique (step 1). Before dawn, the stars are all over the place, exceptionally bright, contrasting with the darkness of the night; the "crowing of grass and insects" contrasts with the silence of Chen Yuyi's environment (step 2). Both contrasts highlight the poet's early travel and the loneliness in his heart caused by wandering (step three).
The dew invades the camel, the dawn is light and cold, and the stars are particularly bright.
Lonely bridges and dreams, grass and insects chirping deep in the rice fields.
What are the main expression techniques used in this poem? What is the effect?
The third mode is to analyze the linguistic characteristics
Questioning method: What are the linguistic characteristics of this poem? Question variation: Please analyze the language style of this poem. Let’s talk about the language art of this poem.
Answer analysis: This type of question does not require you to figure out the clever use of individual words, but to appreciate the language style expressed in the entire poem. Words that can be used to answer questions generally include: fresh and natural, unpretentious, gorgeous, clear and clear, often used in spoken language, euphemistic and implicit, powerful and bold, graceful in style, concise and vivid...
Answering steps: (1) Use one or two words to accurately point out the language features. (2) Use relevant sentences in the poem to analyze this feature in detail. (3) Point out what kind of emotion the author expresses.
Answer examples:
Spring Resentment Answer: The language of this poem is characterized by freshness, naturalness, and colloquialism (step 1). "Huang Ying'er" is the pronunciation of "er", showing the innocence of a woman. Jiaohan. "When it crows, it scares me in my dream.
When you hit the oriole, don't teach it to cry on the branches. If you don't get to Liaoxi", it is expressed in simple language that the reason why you beat the oriole is because it disturbs your sweet dream of missing your husband (step 2) ). This is a very natural expression of a woman's dream of being frightened by her concubine when she cries, and cannot get to Liaoxi. Missing your husband (Step 3).
Please analyze the language features of this poem.
The fourth mode: character-refining type
Questioning method: What is the most vivid and expressive character in this couplet? Why? Question variation: A certain word has always been praised by people. What do you think is good about it?
Answer analysis: The ancients paid attention to the refinement of characters when writing poems. This question type requires you to appreciate the beauty of these refined characters. When answering the question, the word cannot be discussed in isolation. It must be placed in the sentence and combined with the artistic conception and emotional analysis of the whole poem.
Answer steps: (1) Explain the meaning of the word in the sentence. (2) Expand the association and put the word into the original sentence to describe the scene. (3) Point out what kind of artistic conception the word highlights or what kind of emotion it expresses.
Answer examples:
Nanpu Farewell
Bai Juyi Answer: Agree. Look, in the poem, means looking back (step 1). Li Ren left alone, but he kept looking back. Every time he looked back, he felt heartbroken.
Nanpu is a sad farewell, the west wind is blowing in autumn. This word makes us seem to see the image of the lyrical protagonist with tears in his eyes, wanting to see but not daring to see (step 2). Just one word "look", and all the feelings are expressed.
As soon as you look at it, your heart will break, and you will never look back. It expresses the sadness of separation (step three).
Predecessors believed that the word "kan" may seem ordinary, but in fact it is very expressive. It can truly reveal the image of the lyrical protagonist. Do you agree with this statement? Why?
The fifth mode: one word leads to the whole poem
Questioning method: A certain word is the key to the whole poem, why?
Answer analysis: Ancient poetry pays great attention to conception. Often one word or word can constitute the clue of the whole poem, the emotional tone of the whole poem, and the thought of the whole poem. By grasping this word, the proposition can often be seen from the small. , to test the candidate's grasp of the whole poem.
Answer steps: (1) The role of this word in highlighting the main idea. (2) Consider the role of the word in the structure of the poem.
Examples of answers:
Listening to the flute in Luo City on a spring night
Li Bai
Whose jade flute flies quietly, spreading into the spring breeze Los Angeles. Answer: The meaning of "breaking willow" is "to say goodbye and cherish the distance", and the main theme of the poem is homesickness (step 1). This kind of homesickness is caused by the flute sound of the song "
In this nocturne, I heard the willows breaking, who can't miss the feeling of hometown? The willows are breaking" (step 2). It can be seen that "breaking willow" is the key to the whole poem.
The word "break willow" is the key to the whole poem. What does "break willow" mean? Do you agree with the "key" statement and why? (2002 College Entrance Examination Questions)
Classical Poetry Appreciation Answer Mode
1. Analyzing artistic conception type
Questioning method: What kind of artistic conception does this poem create? ?
Question variations: What picture does this poem paint? What thoughts and feelings does the poet express?
Or how is the author’s ideological interest reflected?
☆Steps to answer the question:
①Describe the scene shown in the poem. Grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in your own words. When describing, you must first be faithful to the original poem, and second, use your own associations and imagination to recreate it. The language must be beautiful.
② Summarize the atmosphere characteristics created by the scenery. Generally, two two-syllable words can be used, such as lonely and deserted, quiet and beautiful, majestic and majestic, bleak and desolate, etc. Pay attention to accurately reflecting the characteristics and mood of the scenery.
③Analyze the author’s thoughts and feelings. Don't be vague, be specific in your answers. For example, just answering "expressing the author's sentimental feelings" is not enough. Answer why it is "sentimental".
Two quatrains (Part 1) Du Fu
Chiri, the mountains and rivers are beautiful, and the spring breeze is fragrant with flowers and grass. The mud melts and swallows fly, and the sand is warm and mandarin ducks sleep.
Note: This poem was written when the poet temporarily settled in a thatched cottage in Chengdu after the wandering life of "one year old and four lines of labor".
What kind of scenery does this poem describe? What feelings does the poet express? Please give a brief analysis.
Answer:
Step ① This poem describes a beautiful early spring scene: the sun is shining in spring, the fields are green, the river reflects the sun, the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants, the mud melts and the soil is moist , the swallows are busy building their nests in the mud, the sun is bright and the sand is warm, and the mandarin ducks are sleeping quietly on the sandbar (step 1).
Step ② This is a clear and gorgeous spring scene picture.
Step ③ expresses the poet’s joyful and leisurely state of mind after ending his wandering life and settling down.
2. Analytical skills type
Questioning method: What expression techniques are used in this poem?
Question variation: Please analyze the performance technique (or artistic technique, or technique) of this poem.
How does the poet express his emotions? What is the effect?
Answer analysis: Expression techniques are divided into three categories: lyrical techniques, descriptive techniques, and rhetorical techniques.
There are two types of lyrical techniques: direct expression of feelings and indirect expression of emotion.
Indirect expression of emotion can be divided into two categories: expression of emotion by borrowing scenery; expressing one's aspirations through objects; expressing reason through objects. For other information, see the previous handouts.
☆Steps to answer the question:
①Point out exactly what technique was used.
②Explain why this technique is used based on the poem.
③This technique effectively conveys the poet's feelings.
Early trip Chen Yuyi
The dew invades the camel, the brown dawn is light and cold, and the stars are particularly bright. Lonely bridges and dreams, grass and insects chirping deep in the rice fields.
What are the main expression techniques used in this poem? What is the effect?
Answer:
Step 1 mainly uses the contrast technique.
Step ② The sky is still dark, and the stars are criss-crossing and extremely bright, contrasting with the darkness of the night; the "humming of grass and insects" reflects the silence of the environment.
Step ③ Both contrasts highlight the poet's early travel and the loneliness in his heart caused by wandering.
3. Analysis of language characteristics
Questioning method: What are the linguistic characteristics of this poem?
Question variation: Please analyze the language style of this poem. Let’s talk about the language art of this poem.
Answer analysis:
This type of question does not require you to figure out the clever use of individual words, but to appreciate the language style expressed in the entire poem. Words that can be used to answer questions generally include: fresh and natural, unpretentious, gorgeous, clear and clear, commonly used in spoken language, euphemistic and implicit, powerful and bold, graceful in style, concise and vivid...
☆Answering steps:
p>①Use one or two words to accurately point out the language features.
② Use relevant sentences in the poem to analyze this feature in detail.
③Point out the author’s feelings.
Spring resentment
When you fight the yellow orioles, don’t teach them to sing on the branches. When I cry, I startle my concubine in my dream, and I cannot get to western Liaoning.
Please analyze the language features of this poem.
Answer:
Step ① The language of this poem is characterized by freshness, naturalness and colloquialism.
Step 2 "Huang Ying'er" is the pronunciation of "er", showing the innocence and naivety of the woman. "When it cries, it frightens the concubine's dream, but she cannot go to Liaoxi" uses simple language to indicate that the reason for beating the oriole is because it disturbs her dream of missing her husband.
Step ③ This very naturally expresses the woman's longing for her husband.
4. Refined fonts
Questioning method: What is the most vivid and expressive word in this couplet? Why?
Question variation: A certain word has always been praised by people. What do you think is good about it?
Answer analysis:
The ancients paid attention to the refinement of characters when writing poems. This question type requires you to appreciate the beauty of these tempered characters. When answering the question, the word cannot be discussed in isolation. It must be placed in the sentence and analyzed in conjunction with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem.
☆Steps to answer the question:
①Explain the meaning of the word in the sentence.
②Expand the association and put the word into the original sentence to describe the scene.
③Point out what kind of artistic conception the word sets off, or what kind of feelings it expresses.
Farewell to Nanpu by Bai Juyi
Farewell to Nanpu is desolate, the west wind is blowing in autumn. I feel heartbroken when I see it, so go and don’t look back.
Predecessors believed that the word "kan" may seem ordinary, but in fact it is very expressive. It can truly reveal the image of the lyrical protagonist. Do you agree with this statement? Why?
Answer:
Step 1 Agree. Look, in the poem refers to looking back, there is only one word "look".
Step ② Li Ren walked away alone, but he kept looking back. Every time he looked back, he felt heartbroken. This word makes us seem to see the image of the lyrical protagonist with tears in his eyes, wanting to see but not daring to see.
Step ③ Just the word "look" vividly expresses the sadness of parting.
5. One word leads to the whole poem
Questioning method: A certain word is the key to the whole poem. Why?
Question variation: Why do people think that a certain word is the poetic eye of this poem?
Answer analysis:
Ancient poetry pays great attention to conception. Often one word or word can constitute the clue of the whole poem, the emotional tone of the whole poem, and the thought of the whole poem. To grasp this word Propositions can often be used to test the understanding of the whole poem.
☆Steps to answer the question:
①Explain the meaning of the word in the poem.
②Point out what theme is highlighted.
③Consider it from a conceptual perspective. That is how the poet connects the word to the subject.
Hearing the Flute in Luo City on a Spring Night by Li Bai
The sound of someone’s jade flute flies darkly, spreading into the spring breeze and filling Luo City. In this nocturne, when I hear the willow tree breaking, who can't help but feel the love of my hometown?
The word "break willow" is the key to the whole poem. What does "break willow" mean? Do you agree with the "key" statement and why?
Answer:
Step 1. The meaning of "breaking willow" is "to bid farewell and cherish the distance".
Step ② The theme of the poem is homesickness.
Step ③ This kind of homesickness is caused by hearing the flute sound of "Breaking Willow". It can be seen that "breaking willow" is the key to the whole poem.
6. Appreciating scenery type
Questioning method: How does this poem describe the scenery?
Question variations: What picture does this poem show us? How is it displayed?
Answer analysis:
Ancient poets often use certain descriptive methods and rhetorical techniques to describe scenery (see question type 1); at the same time, pay attention to the angle of the scene, or the combination of movement and stillness, or the combination of From far to near, or with the combination of form, sound and color, or with the comprehensive use of vision, hearing and smell, the picture is rich in layering, three-dimensional and harmonious, reflecting the characteristics of "painting within poetry, poetry within painting".
☆Steps to answer the question:
①Accurately state the technique of expression and the angle from which to describe the scene.
② Grasp the main scenery and describe the picture in detail, and appropriately expand association and imagination.
③ Summarize the characteristics of the picture or analyze thoughts and feelings.
Magnolia Flower Song Qi
The scenery in the east city is gradually beautiful, and the ripples of the trees welcome guests. The green mist is rising outside and the dawn is cold, and the red apricot branches are full of spring.
I hate the lack of entertainment when I grow up, but I am willing to love a thousand gold and smile lightly. Holding wine for you to persuade the setting sun, and shining the evening light among the flowers.
How does the first half of this poem describe spring? Try to analyze this.
Answer:
Step ① Use personification and metaphorical rhetorical techniques to describe the scene from near to far, with a rich sense of hierarchy.
Step ② The poet first saw the east wind blowing, the spring waves on the green water, sparkling like fine wrinkles in the sand; then the green poplars woke up, bright yellow and light green, looking into the distance into a mist; then looked again The apricot blossoms are in full bloom, like fire and steaming clouds.
Step ③ These scenes depict a vibrant spring scene.
7. Understand the poetry type
Questioning method: What is good about this poem?
Question variations: What is the meaning and function of this poem? What are the characteristics of expression? Or briefly analyze the function and artistic effect of this poem.
Answer analysis:
A poem may describe a scene, it may be lyrical, it may be about a person.
Methods for writing about people include action description, language description, psychological description, appearance description, and detailed description. To understand a poem, you must connect the previous and next sentences and combine the whole poem.
☆Steps to answer the question:
①Indicate the method of expression.
② Analyze the expressive role of poetry in describing scenes, expressing emotions, or writing about people.
③ Briefly explain the artistic effect.
Visiting Kinmen Feng Yanji
The wind suddenly picked up and ruffled a pool of spring water. In the path where the mandarin ducks are fragrant, I press the red apricot pistils with my hands.
The fighting duck leans alone on the railing, the jasper scratches its head and tilts it, and raises its head to hear the magpie's joy.
Try to briefly analyze the benefits of "jasper scratching the head and falling obliquely".
Answer:
Step 1: Describe the decoration on the woman’s head (detailed description).
Step 2 reflects the woman’s restlessness and laziness as she waits for her lover to come.
Step ③ The poet does not directly describe the psychology of the characters, but uses image descriptions, which makes this poem implicit but not straightforward, making people feel infinitely fascinated.
8. Analysis and conception (structural idea) type
Questioning method: How was this poem conceived?
Question variation: Please analyze the beauty of this poem.
Answer analysis:
Poetry has its own way of thinking, and there is a close connection between a poem and a sentence. Then, to analyze the structural ideas of the poem, we must grasp the relationship between the poems. Some poems describe the scene first and then express emotions, and some describe the narrative first and then express emotions. There are also theories of foreshadowing, transition, foil, and succession.
☆Steps to answer the question:
① Summarize the content of the poem line by line.
② Reveal the connection between poems.
③Point out what thoughts and feelings this idea conveys.
Spring Events in the Mountain House, Cen Shen
At dusk in Liang Garden, crows fly everywhere, and three or two families are extremely depressed. The trees in the garden don't know where the people are gone, but when spring comes, the old flowers still bloom.
Please briefly analyze the wonderful idea of ??this poem.
Answer:
Step ① The first and second sentences describe the absence of the prosperity of Liang Garden - looking up at the crows flying in the sky and looking at the depression ahead; the third and fourth sentences use "the flowers of the old days" "Open" contrasts with the fact that people now go to the garden to be empty.
Step ② In this way, the first and second sentences set off the desolate atmosphere and set the emotional tone for the whole poem. On this basis, the third and fourth sentences express emotion and show the main theme.
Step ③ thus expresses the sense of desolation that things are different and people are different from the vicissitudes of life.
Modern prose reading about the college entrance examination (answering questions from the proposition)
Modern prose reading is undoubtedly the bottleneck that affects students' college entrance examination scores, and is also the focus and difficulty of college entrance examination review and preparation. In daily review, there are two main ways of guiding students' reading: one is to guide students' reading training one by one from the perspective of "test points", and the other is to guide students' reading training from the perspective of "reading".
After many years of teaching practice, we have been exploring the third way of thinking, which is to guide answering questions from the perspective of "proposition", that is, to read the question stem as the starting point, because the question stem at least contains Four pieces of information: what to answer, how to answer, how much to answer, and where to find the basis for answering the question. Starting from here, you can quickly grasp the direction of the proposition and grasp the key to the proposition, making the answer faster and more accurate. Let’s take some modern prose reading test questions from college entrance examination papers as an example to talk about some of our discussions on “proposition classification and answering questions”:
Proposition type 1: How to understand the meaning of dotted words in the text or why the author uses them This word? How to understand the article title? Why is this a title or what is the purpose of this title?
To understand the meaning of the dotted words in the text, firstly, you must combine the context, make sure the words are consistent with the sentence, and find the basis for answering the question from the location and related sentences. The second is to pay attention to the polysemy of words (such as virtual and real meanings, puns, symbolic meanings, metaphorical meanings, etc.) and rhetorical techniques (metaphors, comparisons, exaggerations, etc.), and when necessary, answer questions based on the main theme of the article.
To appreciate the words used, you should combine the sentences to understand the meaning of the words, and then start to appreciate their beauty from the aspects of accuracy, image, vividness and appeal. Generally speaking, when understanding or appreciating the title of an article, the focus is also on understanding the words. Even if it is a phrase, you must start with understanding the words.
At the same time, we must grasp the meaning and function of titles: ① Some titles serve as "textual eyes" and have the function of revealing the center or theme of the article;
② Some titles have structural implications. The role of article clues;
③Some titles have a symbolic effect on the characters and themes in the article;
④Some titles have a metaphorical effect;
⑤Yes The title has both false and true meanings or a pun.
Therefore, when understanding or appreciating the title, firstly, we must analyze the words, secondly, we must pay attention to rhetoric, thirdly, we must pay attention to the truth and reality, fourthly, we must connect the content and structure of the full text, and fifthly, we must combine the main idea and background of the article. . Once you do these things, it won't be difficult.
Proposition Type 2 Understand the meaning of the sentences in the text or appreciate the sentences in the text.
To understand the meaning of a sentence, you must grasp the key words, rhetoric and sentence structure characteristics in the sentence and analyze them in conjunction with the context.
At the same time, pay attention to the characteristics of the sentences being understood. Sentences with different characteristics have different understanding points.
Philosophical sentences: profound and thought-provoking, can inspire people after reading, and sometimes have the finishing touch.
Emotional sentences: that is, to clearly express the author's joy, anger, sorrow, and praise of things. It is necessary to grasp the breakthrough point of the author's emotion, and sometimes it must be understood in conjunction with the main purpose of the article.
Various sentences: According to the characteristics of sentence transformation, such sentences often have emphasis, and the emphasis is on the part where the position has changed.
Rhetorical sentences: Use the rhetorical techniques used by the author to determine what the author wants to express.
Contradictory sentence: It seems contradictory, but in fact it embodies the author's profound intention. Such sentences often contain two meanings, but focus on one side.
Implicit sentences: Use the literal meaning of the sentence to think about its unstated meaning.
When appreciating a sentence, you should grasp the key words of the sentence and appreciate its beauty or expression effect from the aspects of sentence structure characteristics, rhetorical techniques, content and emotion. When answering questions, first make a detailed analysis and then integrate them.
Proposition type three: Point out a certain sentence in the article, and then ask why it is said so or what is the reason (basis, basis, reason, etc.) for saying this?
The "sentence" type questions like the gist of the answer are different from the questions about understanding the meaning of the sentences. For this type of questions, the basis for the answer can generally be found in the original text, but the basis for the answer is not in the sentence itself, but in other words. in context.
When answering, first analyze the nature of the "sentence", whether it is an opinion sentence or a conclusion sentence (there are mainly two types).
In opinion sentences, the reasons come last; in conclusion sentences, the reasons come first. Secondly, analyze the scope involved (or jurisdiction) of the sentence and determine the source of the information.
Then capture, filter and integrate the information within the effective area. Generally do not copy sentences directly.
Proposition Type 4: What is the role of quoting certain texts or poems in the article or why are these texts or poems quoted?
The key to answering the question is to understand the role of quotations.
Quotes can prove your point of view and make your reasoning more persuasive;
Enrich the arguments, enrich the content, and deepen the theme of the article;
Add interest, literary grace, and Cultural heritage enhances the appeal of the article;
Point out the meaning of the title, correspond to the title, foreshadow and contrast, and have a rigorous structure;
Poetry and prose alternately, lively and brilliant, making the language more Elegant taste or more literary talent and cultural heritage.
Proposition Type 5 Which person is used in the article? What is its role or why is it used? What expression techniques (including expression techniques and rhetorical techniques) were used, and what are their effects?
Key points of the answer: The former requires understanding of the persons used and the different roles or effects of different persons in the writing, and answering based on the content of the article.
First person: friendly and natural, able to express thoughts and feelings freely;
Give readers a real and vivid feeling.
Second person: closes the distance with readers and appears friendly;
facilitates dialogue and is free and flexible;
convenient for expressing emotions and enhancing appeal;
Sometimes it has the function of calling;
It is used for external objects and has the effect of personification.
Third person: It can show the rich life more directly, is not limited by time and space, and reflects the reality more flexibly and freely.
The latter must first understand some commonly used expression techniques (symbols, foreshadowing and echo, foil and contrast, contrast and contrast, cadence, details, line drawing, etc.) and rhetorical techniques (metaphor, comparison, contrast, parallelism, etc.) , metonymy, exaggeration, repetition, irony, pun, etc.) and their functions, and then answer based on the specific content. (Common expression skills, rhetorical techniques and their functions can be printed and distributed to students)
Proposition Type 6 How to arrange the structure of the article? Why write about something or start with something? Or point out the role of a certain point in the structure of the article (beginning, end) or whether it can be deleted?
Key points of the answer: The structural arrangement of the article is often related to the overall idea and various parts of the full text, as well as to the content of the article and the expression techniques used.
Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of the expression technique (such as contrast, circumference, foreshadowing, foil, etc.), and also pay attention to the main content and clues of the article.
As far as its function is concerned, it is used at the beginning to introduce the main topic or lead to the following, and has the functions of foreshadowing, setting off, setting off, suppressing, forming contrast, etc.;
Putting it in the middle mainly serves as a link between the previous and the following. The role of natural transition;
Place it at the end to echo the beginning or the title of the article, making the structure rigorous;
To put the finishing touch, show the ambition at the end of the chapter, summarize and deepen or further emphasize the theme, and directly express thoughts and feelings.
As for whether the beginning or the end is necessary, the deciding factor is whether it is necessary to express the theme.
If it has the functions mentioned above, it is necessary; if it has little to do with the theme, it is not a bad idea. It can make the writing more concise and the theme more focused; the meaning of the text is more implicit and the words are clear. The meaning is endless, and sometimes it can leave room for readers to create again. Note that questions such as "is it good or not" and "should it be necessary" should generally be answered positively. If you answer negatively, you must find sufficient reasons.
Proposition Type 7: What kind of emotion does a certain sentence or thing in the article express the author's emotion? What meaning (connotation) does the author express when he writes about something or a certain paragraph?
Key points of the answer: "Emotion" is closely related to the topic of the article.
To answer this type of question, you must first make a detailed analysis of the content written, to see what it is written in, what it is used to explain (or prove), and how it relates to the main idea of ??the article, and then Analyze the purpose and intention of writing based on the paragraph, the content of the preceding and following paragraphs, the author's environment, and the main theme of the article.
The determination of "the meaning of expression" must not only grasp the center of the paragraph, but also grasp the key sentences in the paragraph and combine it with the context to accurately grasp it.
It should be noted that "emotion" refers to the author, while "meaning" refers to the article.
Proposition Type 8: What specific aspects does the article write about something? Or from what aspects is it written about something (thing)? Or summarize the content and characteristics of an article.
Key points of the answer: This type of test questions involves both screening information and summarizing.
In general, you need to prepare for thinking in two aspects: ① If the content you write has several aspects, analyze and summarize it from the content aspect;
② If the content focuses on one aspect, When it cannot be divided into several aspects in terms of content, you should consider summarizing it in terms of techniques (positive and negative, virtual and actual, point-to-point).
When answering specific questions, you must first "position", that is, find the effective reading area, and then determine the corresponding point for answering the question.
After the information is screened out, the corresponding induction and generalization method should be used according to the specific situation -
Central improvement method (the original text itself has a central sentence, as long as we organize and summarize it as needed Extraction),
Abstract integration method (extract key words and important sentences from the article for integration),
Hierarchical induction method (first clarify the key points of each level of the article, and then Grasp their major similarities and differences, and conduct comprehensive integration from a global perspective),
Figure out the extraction method (if the content that needs to be summarized is figurative, obscure and implicit, and there is no way to directly The words used to summarize need to be summarized and refined based on speculation)
——When integrating and writing answers, pay attention to the accuracy of the wording, and sometimes pay attention to the sentence structure. consistency.
Proposition 9 Type: Evaluate the author's point of view and appreciate the image, language, expression skills, etc. of the article.
The key points of the answer are to evaluate the author's opinions and attitudes. The author's opinions are the author's opinions and opinions, and the author's attitude is the author's ideological and emotional tendencies.
Evaluating the author's views and attitudes usually refers to making pertinent and appropriate comments on the author's views and attitudes, judging whether they are right or wrong, and analyzing their significance and value.
Therefore, a dialectical, comprehensive and developmental analysis should be carried out during evaluation, and the attitude and understanding of the candidates should be reflected.
Appreciation first involves clarifying the points of appreciation, such as image, language, expression skills, layout, or theme of the work.
The second is to grasp the characteristics, find examples and appreciate its advantages. When appreciating images, we must grasp typical characteristics, depiction methods and typical meanings.
To appreciate language, we must distinguish between language features and language style. The language characteristics are mainly appreciated in terms of accuracy, vividness, vividness, and image, and attention is paid to the use of rhetorical techniques and their effects; the language style has obvious characteristics of the author's own use of language, mainly plain, gorgeous, bright, natural, implicit, Profound, humorous, spicy, etc.
To appreciate the content, you must grasp the theme and appreciate it from the aspects of depth, thoroughness and enlightenment.
When appreciating ideas, we must grasp the structural characteristics (twists and turns, echoes from beginning to end, foreshadowing, echoes) and expression skills (contrast, foreshadowing, circumference, foil, symbolism, etc.).
In short, the wording should be measured and the attitude should be dialectical.
If you are required to write an appreciation essay, the structural arrangement should be in the form of "total-point-sum". The general statement clearly puts forward the point of view; the separate points should be combined with the original text to decompose the central point of view and give one or two examples each. Analysis; finally, always point out the topic again.
Of course, this is just our induction and analysis of the propositions with sexual nature in modern prose reading test questions. It certainly cannot cover all propositions, because propositions are not restricted by "laws". This also requires us to constantly think, explore, and summarize in teaching practice. If this can be done, a new path may be found to break through the difficulty of "modern prose reading".