-
Wang Mian is an innocent farmer who has lived in difficulties all his life. His poems are full of rebellious spirit, revealing the national contradictions and class contradictions at that time, and showing deep concern for the fate of the motherland and the disasters of the working people.
Most of his poems are included in Zhu Zhai's Poems. "A Concise Catalogue of Siku Quanshu" said: "The crown is crazy, the genius is easy to escape, and its body is vertical and horizontal, so it cannot be confined to norms." Liu Ji once had a correct evaluation of Wang Mian's poems. He said: "When I was in Hangzhou, I heard that Wang Yuanzhang was good at poetry, and all the literati praised him, but I hate not knowing." Only on the first day of Wu Jia (1354) did the poems written by Bird be fully watched. Cover straight without twisting, good quality, luxury without longevity, strangeness without strangeness, knowledge without exaggeration, loyalty to the monarch and love for the people, and the ambition to do everything except evil, are truly seen in the meaning of the word, not in acts, because of great respect. "(Preface to Zhu Zhai's Poems)"
At that time, some people opposed Wang Yuanzhang's poems, thinking that "poetry aims at self-adaptation and is not conducive to criticism." Liu Bowen refuted this kind of person and said, "What is evil about poetry? He said that in Yu Shu, "poetry expresses ambition". Bu Yu Xia said: "Poets, their desire lies in being exposed to weathering and being stabbed by the wind. He who speaks is innocent, but he who listens is enough to quit. "What is the fruit of evil poetry? Zhou Zuo toured for five years, and ordered his master to keep the national style, which made the poets vain and vain, chanting flowers and chanting the moon without saying anything about the world. What should the king do to abide by it? " (Preface to Zhu Zhai's Poems) Here Liu Ji expressed sympathy and admiration for Wang Mian's ability to serve the people and boldly accuse the people of their sufferings; At the same time, it criticized the school of singing and playing the moon with the purpose of self-adaptation of poetry.
Song Lian also commented on Wang Yuanzhang's poems. He said: "When the weather is fine, there are thousands of poems, and the anger is overwhelming, and the reader's hair is stunned." (Song Lian's Biography of Wang Mian)
In the third year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, Zhu Peng of Qiantang said, "Reading poetry is worth two people in the world. One day, Wang Feng, a Maoshan native, cooked Wang Mian, a farmer from Shishan. If it is two people, the last name is the same; When it happens, when it happens in Shan Ye, when it dies, it is reduced to death, which makes no difference. Speaking of poetry, it expresses its spirit, feels the chronicle of the times, and writes its openness and restraint in pottery, instead of being bound by the habits of the Yuan Dynasty. Also a hero. " (Preface to Zhu Zhai's Poems)
In the fourth year of Jiaqing, Guo Yu of Yin Shan got a new edition of Zhu Zhai Tu by Wang Yuanzhang, and he was ecstatic. Although it was in autumn and winter, he "looked at it by the light, but he didn't know that mosquitoes were biting and sweating." So he said, "My hometown is Yangtieya and Wangshanlong, and poetry is in the Yuan Dynasty." (Preface to Zhu Zhai's Poems)
The comments of these predecessors are generally realistic. In the history of modern and contemporary literature, Wang Mian's poetry is also highly appraised, and it is believed that the poetry of Yuan Dynasty reached its peak in Wang Mian. Here are some selected songs.
(1) Some people sympathize with the sufferings of the working people, such as "Jiangnan people": "Jiangnan people are sincere and pitiful, and the epidemic is even more rampant. The army is stationed in a million, and the rice barrel is worth 3000. Last year I went to farm, and this year I chose Ding Shoubian. The old man was hungry and turned to the ravine, and he was poor. " Regret for the Past: "The year before last, the eldest daughter sold her child last year. They are all forced by official taxes, not by hunger. Cloth wears out grass and clothes, and there is no frost and snow in a winter. These days, young and old are not in groups, and taxes are unknown. "
(2) Some people exposed the tyranny of the ruling class in the Yuan Dynasty, such as "A Song of Happy Rain to Yao": "This year's drought is worth C, and Songkhla is more than one Wan Li. Rice grains are like mercury, and the whole world is half a ghost. There are no clouds in the south and no clouds in the north, and the white fields are like paper. My life is to sit in the ravine and sigh, and there are wolves and tigers walking during the day. "
(3) Some reflect ethnic contradictions. For example, "The Road to Jizhou" reveals the bad behavior of the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty in destroying national culture: "Even if there are good children and grandchildren, they are no different from dogs and pigs. They have all become old men and don't know a word." When the rule of the Yuan Dynasty was about to collapse, he wrote the poem "Hull froze to death under the Great Wall, only then did he believe that there was still a spring in Jiangnan".
(4) Some show his open-minded, aloof and upright mind, such as Lonely Tan Song: "Last night, in first frost, the South China Sea, everything in the mountains was humiliated. Get up and rub the house loose, the color will not change as usual. You are generous when you wander around. This thing is a real pillar. Alas, since it is really a pillar, why doesn't the son of heaven be Fu Tang Ming! "
Poets have their own ambitions, and often compare themselves to Zhuge Liang in their poems, such as "The thatched cottage wants to dream of plum blossoms, but suddenly it recalls that there is Wolong in Nanyang", and "There is no Wolong in the thatched cottage recently, and Mo Wen is a hero in the world". He used "loneliness" as a metaphor, which is precisely a sigh of loneliness and pain.
Chloe, don't Banqiao was born in Xinghua, Jiangsu. He was the top scholar in the imperial examination of Kangxi, a juren in the tenth year of Yongzheng, and a scholar in the first year of Qianlong. Officials in Fanxian and wei county have political voices. "Ask for help for the 20-year-old hungry people, protect the big officials, and then beg for illness." Before and after he became an official, he lived in Yangzhou and made a living by painting and calligraphy. He is good at drawing orchids, bamboos, stones, pines and chrysanthemums. But he painted orchids for more than 50 years and achieved the most outstanding results. Taking the method of Xu Wei, Shi Tao and the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it has its own method, slim figure and tough style. Calligraphy, with China's eight points mixed into cursive script, calls itself [six and a half books]. Calligraphy pen is integrated into painting. He advocated inheriting the tradition of "learning seven things from ten points and discarding three things", "not sticking to ancient methods" and attaching importance to artistic originality and diversification of styles. The so-called "painting before painting, without setting a grid, without leaving a grid after painting" still has reference significance today. Poetry is sincere and interesting and deeply loved by the people. It can also cure India, "near the smell of cranes." There are complete works of Zheng Banqiao, printed copies of Mr. Banqiao, etc.
Ming dynasty
Yu Qian
Yu Qian (1398- 1457) was born in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) in the Ming Dynasty, and his name was Ting Yi. Yongle Jinshi, Xuande first gave advice, and once suppressed the rebellion of Hanwang Zhu with Xuanzong. Out of Jiangxi, praise is everywhere. Five years (1430), assistant minister of the right Ministry of War, governor of Shanxi, Henan. In the eleventh year of orthodoxy (1446), Wang Zhen and others persecuted him and sent him to prison for execution. Later, officials from two provinces and even Wang Li demanded to be reinstated. Fourteen years of civil strife, Ming Yingzong was captured by Walla. He strongly rejected the idea of moving south, persisted and entered the Ministry of War. On behalf of Li Zong, he reorganized the army, deployed the key points, personally supervised the war, and with an army of 220,000 troops, he arrayed himself outside the Beijing-Kowloon Gate and defeated several runners-up in Vara. It's better to do more than one thing, governor's military affairs. First, English sects were forced to make peace. He put the country above the monarch and banned it. First, he was forced to release Yingzong without any gap. Since the return of Yingzong, it is still difficult to rely on peace talks. The elite of the Beijing army was selected to practice in ten regiments, and the troops were sent to guard the border. At that time, there were a lot of things in one's hand and in one's hand, but asking for advice was going it alone. When it was appropriate, he ordered a clear trial, and Wan Li went out on a piece of paper. He was worried about his country and people and forgot his health, but he didn't say what he did. He lives frugally, but he is practical and honest, which is quite taboo. In the first year of Tianshun (1457), the British emperor was restored, and others falsely accused him of being the son of Xiang Wang and were killed. At the beginning of Chenghua, he was reinstated and sacrificed. Hongzhi died in the second year (1489). Wanli was changed to loyalty. Be disciplined.