Time: Pre-Qin Dynasty
Author: The Book of Songs
Works: Cai Wei
Content:
Pea seedlings have been picked again, and wild peas have just emerged from the ground.
I said I would go home, but it still didn't come true by the end of the year.
No wife, no family, to fight Hyun-yun.
There is no time to rest, to fight Hyun-yun.
The pea seedlings have been picked again, and the wild peas are very tender.
Said he went home, and he was depressed.
Anxiety is burning, and hunger is unbearable.
The location of the garrison cannot be fixed, and it is impossible to take the letter home.
Bean sprouts are picked again, and the stems and leaves of wild peas are getting old.
He said that he went home and went home again in October.
But the king's errand is not finished yet, and I have no leisure to enjoy this quiet and good time.
Worried and guilty, I can't do it.
Bilviho, the flower of the paddock.
Horus, gentleman car.
The troop ship started, and four horses were tall and big.
How dare you settle down? 1 3rd of the month.
Riding four horses, four horses are tall and strong.
The generals sat in the car and the soldiers were under its protection.
Four horses were trained, with bows and shark sacs decorated with Gu Xiang.
If you don't quit that day, you will be trapped.
Recalling the original exploration, the wind in Yang Liuyi was blowing in the wind; Now back on the road, snowflakes are flying everywhere.
The road is muddy and difficult to walk, and people are thirsty and hungry.
The road is muddy, hungry and thirsty.
I am sad in my heart, I don't know that I am sad.
Precautions:
Quoted from The Book of Songs Xiaoya Luming Literature.
Wei, wild pea seedlings, edible.
Work, life, point out life. Stop, the auxiliary word at the end.
Yue, Yan, say it It is said to be an initial auxiliary word, which has no practical significance.
Mo, that is, the word "dusk" today.
There is no family life without family life. It shows that men are dissatisfied with women.
Make an appreciative comment
In the cold winter, it was raining and snowing, and a retired recruiter was walking home alone. The road is rugged, hungry and thirsty; But the border is getting farther and farther, and the towns are getting closer and closer. At the moment, he looks at his hometown and looks back on the past and the present, but his thoughts are complicated and mixed. Hard military life, fierce battle scenes, countless times to climb to the top of the mountain, scenes reappeared in front of me. Picking Wei is such an ancient chess piece three thousand years ago, and it is a work of reminiscence and sigh on the way home. Its category belongs to Xiaoya, but it is very similar to the national style.
The whole poem consists of six chapters, divided into three layers. Since it is a memory on the way home, I will write it in flashback. The first three chapters are one layer, recalling homesickness and describing the reasons for being unable to return. The first four sentences of these three chapters express homesickness and yearning for home in a step-by-step way. Over time, this kind of mood has become more and more urgent and unbearable. The first sentence begins with picking the EU, but the EU is both prosperous and rich. Because Osmunda japonica is edible, the guards are picking Osmunda japonica to satisfy their hunger. Therefore, this casual sentence is a verbal prospect, reflecting the hardships of the soldiers guarding the border. The "picking Wei" of frontier soldiers is indistinguishable from the "picking flies" and "picking mulberry" of women in their hometown. Garrison is not only hard, but also long. Step by step, Wei Yeting Stop, Soft Stop and Just Stop vividly describe the growth process of Osmunda japonica from breaking ground to germination, to tender seedlings, and then to hard stems and leaves. Together with "the year can't stop" and "the year can't stop", it means the passage of time and the long-term garrison. At dusk at the beginning of the year, things change, "I will go back to my hometown", but I have not returned for a long time; How can a guard who is always in danger of his life not be "worried"? So, why is it so difficult to return to the garrison? The last four sentences are explained layer by layer: being far away from home is because of the suffering of armadillos; Because of frequent wars, the garrison is uncertain; There is no time to rest, because there is no end to kings. The root cause is the "ghost cause". Hanshu? Xiongnu Biography said: "When the King (Zhou) was taken, the royal family declined, and Rong Di invaded China. China suffered from it, and the poet started it. When I am sick, I sing:' It' s embarrassing to break the family and die.' " This can be regarded as the background of the work "Picking Wei". For the suffering of armadillos, ordinary people have the responsibility to guard the service. In this way, on the one hand, it is homesickness complex, on the other hand, it is fighting consciousness. The first three chapters are intertwined with personal homesickness and the sense of responsibility for going to disaster for the country, which are two contradictory and equally true thoughts and feelings. In fact, this also constitutes the emotional tone of the whole poem, but personal homesickness and sense of responsibility for fighting have different manifestations in different chapters.
The fourth and fifth chapters describe the tense life of marching operations. He wrote about the strength of military capabilities and the strictness of vigilance, and the whole article did this. Its emotional appeal has also changed from sad homesickness to passionate fighting. These two chapters and four sentences have the same meaning and can be read in four layers. In the first four sentences of the four chapters, the poet asks himself and answers himself, raising the "gentleman's car" with "constant wisdom" and revealing the unique pride of soldiers. Then two battle scenes are described around the chariot: "The chariot is driving and the four industries are fighting. I dare to decide, 1 I will be happy on March 3. " This generally describes the mighty military capacity, high morale and frequent wars; "Driving four stallions, four stallions. The gentleman depends on it, and the villain flies. " This describes in detail the scene of foot soldiers following the chariot under the cover of the chariot and under the command of the general. Finally, from the battle scene, the soldier's equipment reads: "Four rows of wings, like a fish suit." The horse is strong, well-trained, well-armed and invincible. Soldiers are ready every day, just because the armadillo is rampant. "Don't quit every day, there are holes and thorns in the armadillo", which not only reflects the situation on the border at that time, but also explains the reason why it is difficult to return for a long time. According to the description of military life in these two chapters, Mao Xu thinks that "Picking Wei" is a poem of "sending troops to defend" to persuade soldiers. This is inconsistent with poetry. Judging from the contradictory feelings expressed in the whole poem, the defenders have both homesickness and overall situation, and it seems that there is no lack of responsibility for the rise and fall of the country. Therefore, it is natural to recall the fighting life in where will you go yesterday on the long way home.
The emotional theme that runs through the whole article is the sadness of homesickness. Perhaps the sudden snowflake woke the garrison, and he returned to reality from his memory, and then fell into deeper sadness. Remembering the past and remembering the present, how can I not be sad? "I left yesterday, willow, a.. I think about it today, it's raining. " This is the time to write the scene, which is more lyrical. Individual life exists in time. In the context changes of "today" and "past", "coming" and "gone", "snowy rain" and "willow tree", the guards deeply experienced the waste of life, the passage of life and the denial of life value by war. Unparalleled literary feelings are new through the ages. Today, people can't help feeling sad when they read these four sentences, mainly because they feel the deep feeling of life passing in the poetic realm. "Walking slowly, thirsty and hungry", coupled with the long journey home, dangerous road, insufficient luggage and hunger and cold, this imminent life dilemma deepened his sadness. "Delaying walking" seems to include the guards' worries about their parents and wives. In a few years, it is impossible to know whether you will be hired or not. When this kind of return comes, the fear of "now, approaching my village and meeting people, I dare not ask a question" (Tang who crossed the Han River) will inevitably appear. However, in this rainy wilderness, no one knows and no one comforts; "My heart is sad, but I don't know that I am sad", and the whole poem ends in this lonely and helpless lament. Throughout the poem, the typical significance of the dominant emotion is not to express the feelings of sending troops to fight, but to separate individuals from the battlefield under the background of the war conflict between the retreating dynasty and barbarians, expressing the inner world of the defenders who have been defending for a long time and are worried about their way home, thus showing Zhou people's disgust and disgust at war. Cai Wei seems to be the originator of war-weary poems throughout the ages.
In art, "I used to be absent, and the willows were reluctant." I think it's raining today ",which is called one of the best poems in" Three Hundred Poems ". The Southern Dynasties' Selected Works of Kasper? has been evaluated for more than 500 years. Wang Fuzhi's poems in Jiangzhai have become the poet's mantra, that is, "To write mourning with joy, to mourn for Syaraku, to double his sorrow and joy" and Liu Xizai's "artistic program" have become the poet's favorite words. The sentence patterns of "past" and "present" have been repeatedly imitated by poets, such as Cao Zhi's "Frost begins, and the present reveals itself" (love poems), and "Yesterday's words are not plain autumn, but the present is full of China" (autumn Hu poems), and so on.
Xian (Shang Sheng) and Yun (Shang Sheng), namely the Northern Emperor and Xiongnu.
Don't be too busy. Open, kneel and sit in danger. Live, sit and live in peace. The ancients sat on the floor, so there is a difference between sitting in danger and sitting in peace. Whether it is dangerous or safe to sit, both knees are sitting. When sitting in danger (kneeling), keep your waist straight and your hips at the same foot; When sitting, your hips are attached to your heels.
Soft and gentle. "Soft" develops faster than "Left".
Fierce, still blazing.
Hunger and thirst; Hungry and thirsty.
Guard, defend. Stop, stop.
Hire, ask and say hello.
Stiff, hard
Yang, October is Yang. Today, it's still "sunny in October".
The interpretations of Mi (Gu, Tang Sheng) and Wang Dui are endless.
Rev., Jude said rev..
Hole, very, very. Guilt, illness, pain.
Uh, fake "". , bloom.
Chang, Changdi people, and plant names.
Road, pretend to be a cart. Ho, what are you talking about?
A gentleman is a general.
Military vehicles, personnel carriers.
A stallion. Industry, expand the appearance.
Settle down and talk about living in peace.
Jay, answer the phone. It means to engage in war and engagement. When you say, agile, evil comes out, it means moving forward. There are many parades in January.
Kuai (Yang Ping) is strong and powerful.
Fee (up), cover, cover.
Wing wing, leisurely appearance. This horse is well trained.
Mi is a kind of bow with bone horns at both ends. Elephant, the end of the bow is decorated with ivory. Fish clothes, quiver made of fish skin.
Sun ring, sun alarm.
Spine, urgent. Kong Ji, this is urgent.
Once upon a time, point out the mark time.
Yiyi looks lush. Say, attachment to appearance.
Thinking, the auxiliary word at the end of language.
It is raining and snowing.
Slow down, slow down.
About the author:
The Book of Songs was written in the middle of 6th century BC, and it is said that it was written by Confucius, the founder of Confucianism. It is China's first collection of poems, with 305 works, which are divided into three parts: style, elegance and ode, all named after music. "Wind" is a local music tune, which contains folk songs of fifteen countries at that time. "Elegance" can be divided into different sizes, and most of them are music composed by nobles. "Ode" is a kind of music song used for ancestral temple sacrifice.
Go home after the war
Borrow refers to seclusion. Historical records? "Biography of Boyi" records: "The King of Wu put down the Yin chaos, and the world lived in Zhou and Zhou. Boyi and Shu were ashamed of it and refused to eat it. They were trapped in shouyangshan and picked up Wei and ate it." It tells the story of Boyi and Shu Qi who live in seclusion and refuse to serve Zhou. Meng Jiao's "Feelings" (V): "Heaven only believes in talents, who will take the EU first." Go to the wilderness and the sun goes down. "Later, he also showed his persistence in moral integrity. Wen Tianxiang's Nan 'an Army: "Mountains and rivers are eternal, while battlements are temporary. "Starving to death is my ambition, and I dream of picking roses."
Translation:
Pick the roses in handfuls, and the new buds of Osmunda japonica have already grown. Say go home, say go home, another year. If you have a home, you have no home. Fight with ghosts. There is no leisure to sit down and fight with ghosts.
Pick the European Union one by one, and Osmunda japonica is fresh and tender. Say "home" and "home", I'm worried. Full of anxiety, burning, hunger and thirst, it is bitter. It is difficult to decide on land defense transfer. Who will take the book Trust home?
Pick up the EU one by one, Osmunda japonica is already old. Say "go home" and "go home", and then October comes again. No royal errands. I want to rest and have no leisure. Full of sadness and pain, afraid of never going home.
What flowers are in full bloom? Tang Di is full of flowers. What car is tall and big? The general rode in a tall chariot. Driving a chariot to fight, four strong horses galloped together. How dare you coexist peacefully on the border? How many times to win in January!
Driving four Dagong horses, which are tall and big. The general leaned against the car and the soldiers relied on it for cover. The four horses are neat, and the fish skin and quiver are carved with bows. Not a day goes by without vigilance, the military situation is urgent!
Recall that when I went out, Yangliuyiyi blew with the wind; Now on the way back, the snow is flying all over the sky. The road is muddy and difficult to walk, and I am really tired of being thirsty and hungry. Full of sadness, full of sadness. Who knows my sadness!
The Book of Songs Cai Wei (Excerpt)
Yesterday, I left, and the willows were reluctant;
It rained when I thought of it today.
(translation)
Recall that when I went out, Yangliuyiyi blew with the wind;
Now on the way back, the snow is flying all over the sky.
(Remarks)
Yesterday: Point out the time.
Yiyi: A lush appearance. Say, attachment to appearance.
Thinking: suffix particles.
Feifei: The snow looks great.
Enjoy 1:
This is a famous sentence in the Book of Songs, which, like a painting, expresses the feelings of a traveler who is away from home to the fullest. It was spring when I went out, and the willows were dancing. When I came back, it was already rainy and snowy in winter. At this time of year, everything he has experienced is self-evident.
Appreciation 2:
Picking Wei is one of the poems in The Book of Songs. Annotators in past dynasties have different opinions on the date of its completion. However, according to its contents and other historical records, it is more likely that the works of the Zhou Xuanwang era will be revised. The stubborn nationalities in the northern part of the Zhou Dynasty (later Xiongnu) were very powerful and often invaded the Central Plains, which brought many disasters to the people's lives in the north at that time. In history, there are many records of the Zhou emperor sending troops to defend the border and ordering soldiers to send troops to defeat him. Judging from the content of Cai Wei, it is an era in which soldiers defend their country and struggle hard. This poem praises the hard life and homesickness of the soldiers who joined the army.
The whole poem is divided into three chapters, and the first three chapters are layered. It was written by Shi Wei. The garrison sergeant is far from home, homesick for a long time, and worried! The author wrote: Shan Wei, you have sprouted and been born. We should go home! But it's another year in a blink of an eye, and we have already neglected our family. Why? We didn't even have time to sit for a while for the invasion, but also for the invasion. We need to attack! It's time to pick Wei again. Ye Wei has grown up and leaves are tender. Time to go home! The sadness in my heart is so fierce that I am running for the war, and our garrison period is uncertain. Who can bring us a letter home? Shanwei is strong, it's time to go home! October is already spring! But the king's business is endless, and he can't have leisure. His sad mood is very painful, but no one is comforting him! The fourth and fifth chapters are about the busy and tense border war: what are the blooming flowers? It's a flower from Tang Di. Compare the prosperity of military chariots and horses with flowers: what's the big deal? That's a soldier's military vehicle. Since we had chariots, the horses were tall and vigorous, and wars were frequent, so the army had to migrate. How dare you settle down? Driving four stallions with their heads held high, the general sat in the chariot, the infantry hid behind the chariot, the horses were mighty and vigorous, and the elephant bone bow and fish skin quiver in the hands of soldiers were always by their side. The war of aggression is so powerful and rampant that horses can be more vigilant every day. These two chapters are about ferocity and Zhou's military discipline, which strengthened Ma Zhuang's grand military power. However, the life of the garrison is also hard and tense, which was written by the author in a realistic way. The sixth chapter, with a different style of writing, describes the conscripts' sadness of hunger and cold on their way back to their hometown: I think that when I went to war, Ye Sheng was full of willows. At this time, the snow and snow returned to my hometown, and the journey was long, cold, hungry and thirsty, which was very embarrassing and miserable. Xie Xuan, a native of Jin Dynasty, regarded the four sentences of "I was in the past tense" as the best poem among the 300 poems. It has a great influence in the history of literature. It is often sung and imitated by later scholars. Because the Book of Songs is famous for its profound simplicity, there are not many such sad and moving works. Therefore, it became a model of lyric works in The Book of Songs and was praised by writers of past dynasties.
The theme of this poem is serious. Zhou's soldiers were ready for battle because of their bravery. As a garrison sergeant, the author describes the seriousness of the army and the hardships of life by ordering generals and sending soldiers to guard China. The author's patriotic feelings are expressed through his hatred for you. It is also reflected in the description of their loyalty to their duties-the sharp contrast between "not eager for success", "not eager for success", "dare to settle down", "never leave" and extreme homesickness. The whole poem is supplemented by touching descriptions of natural scenery: the birth of Wei, its rigidity and softness, its blooming in Tang Di, its beauty, and the rain and snow all set off the lives of the intellectuals, but they were all homesick. What is written here is the true thoughts of soldiers. Sad mood did not reduce the value of this article as a patriotic poem, on the contrary, it showed people's innocence.
From the writing point of view, like many works in The Book of Songs, it uses the method of stimulating interest. In addition, it is repeated in composition and morphology, which makes the content and interest spread layer by layer and gradually deepen, and also enhances the musical beauty and rhythm of the works. The whole poem has narrative, discussion, scenery, lyricism and psychological description, and the collocation is appropriate. Therefore, the article Cai Wei is indeed one of the best chapters in the Book of Songs.