Dahlia's flower language: Good luck.
French flower language: gratitude, freshness, novelty and originality.
Morphological characteristics of Dahlia Dahlia is a perennial herb with huge rod-shaped roots. Stems erect, multi-branched, 1.5-2 meters high, stout. Leaves 1-3 are pinnately divided, the upper leaves are sometimes undivided, the lobes are oval or oblong-ovate, the lower part is grayish green, and both sides are hairless. Head is big, peduncle is long, often drooping, and width is 6- 12 cm. The outer layer of involucral bracts is about 5, ovoid-elliptic, leaflike, inner layer membranous and elliptic-lanceolate. Tongue flower 1 layer, white, red, or purple, often oval, with inconspicuous 3 teeth at the top, or entire; Tubular flowers are yellow, and sometimes they are tongue-shaped flowers in cultivated species. Achene is oblong, 9- 12 mm long and 3-4 mm wide, black and flat, with 2 inconspicuous teeth.
Dahlia plant is about1.5m high, with opposite leaves and pinnately compound leaves. There are countless yellow tubular flowers in the center of its head, with long curly tongue-shaped flowers on the edge and various gorgeous colors, and the delicate flowers are displayed through it.
Dahlias are colorful, red, yellow, orange, purple and white, which are very attractive. The double dahlia has 1000 petals, and the white petals have red stripes, such as a red agate embedded in white marble, which is enchanting and extraordinary.
Dahlia has swollen tuberous roots, which store a lot of nutrients and can be used for its own asexual reproduction. Gardeners can get many new plants by cutting roots from their necks and planting them one by one. Dahlia has more than 7,000 varieties and almost all colors. It has become a world-famous flower, distributed in gardens all over the world. Dahlia is also famous for its anti-pollution plants.
Dahlia blooms in June-65438+February and bears fruit in September-65438+1October.
Dahlia Dahlia's ecological habit likes semi-shade. Too strong sunlight affects flowering, and the illumination time is generally 10~ 12 hours. When raising seedlings, direct sunlight should be avoided.
Dahlia likes cool climate. In late September, the flowers are the largest, brightest and most abundant, but they are not frost-tolerant, and the stems and leaves wither immediately after frost. The temperature is not strict in the growing period, and it can grow at 8~35℃, and 15~25℃ is suitable. Dahlia is not drought-tolerant and waterlogged-tolerant. Generally, potted plants are watered when they see dry soil, so that they can see dry when they see wet. You can drain the basin in rainy days (you don't need to water the ground often). Dahlia is suitable for cultivation in fertile sandy soil with loose soil and good drainage.
1, prefer dampness to waterlogging
Dahlias are afraid of drought and avoid water accumulation. This is because dahlia is a fleshy root, and it is easy to rot when watered too much. But its leaves are big and flourish, and it needs more water. If water cannot be replenished in time after wilting due to lack of water, the leaves will be scorched at the edge of light leaves and fall off at the base of heavy leaves after being irradiated by sunlight. So, water should be mastered? Dry and wet? The principle of.
2. I like to be productive, but I am afraid of being excessive.
It is advisable to choose fertile and loose soil for planting Dahlia. In addition to applying base fertilizer, topdressing is also needed. Usually, from mid-late July to before flowering, dilute liquid fertilizer is applied every 7- 10 days, and the fertilization concentration should be gradually increased, so that the stems grow thick and the leaves become dark green and stretched.
I like sunshine and am afraid of shadows.
Dahlia likes sunny days. If it is kept in the shade for a long time, it will grow poorly, the root system will be weak, the leaves will be thin and the stems will be thin, and the flowers will be small color-bright, or even will not bloom. Only by planting it in a sunny place can this plant thrive and produce bright flowers.
4, like cool and afraid of heat
Dahlia likes a cool climate during flowering, and the temperature is around 20℃, so it grows best. Planting in North China and other places can grow well from late spring to late autumn. However, in hot summer, especially after rain, it is afraid of direct sunlight. At this time, you need a little shade to grow better.
Cultivation techniques and key points of dahlia
Dahlia's stems are crisp and tender, so they can't stand strong winds and are afraid of waterlogging. When planting in the field, you should choose a place with high and dry terrain, good drainage, sufficient sunshine and leeward, and make a high border. The plant spacing of common varieties is about 1 m, and that of dwarf varieties is about 40 cm ~ 50 cm. Dahlia's stems are tall, juicy and tender, so they should be erected to prevent the wind from breaking. You should master the principle of thoroughly drying before watering. In summer, it suddenly turns sunny after continuous cloudy days. Spray clear water on the ground and leaves in time to cool down, otherwise the leaves will turn brown. When it doesn't rain on rainy days, in addition to watering every day, water should be sprayed to cool down. After budding, apply liquid fertilizer every 10 day until the bud is transparent. Leave root neck 10 cm ~ 15 cm before frost, cut off branches and leaves, dig up roots, dry them for 1 ~ 2 days, and then store them indoors with dry sand. Store at room temperature of about 5C.
Pot management
Potted dahlias had better be changed many times. Choose a shallow basin with a large mouth, and at the same time, drill as large a drainage hole as possible at the bottom of the basin, and pad a layer of broken tiles as a drainage layer below. Culture soil must contain half of sand. When changing pots for the last time, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied to provide sufficient nutrition, and other management should be planted in situ. Cut dahlias should be planted in the same place, with the row spacing of 50 cm ~ 100 cm, topdressing with liquid fertilizer once every half month in peak season, properly removing the core and leaving more side branches.
(1) Pot-planting time is generally 1-2 plants per pot. After pot-planting, a new high-fat film is sprayed on the surface of the plants to make them grow rapidly.
② When the seedling height is 10- 12 cm, leave two nodes for topping, and cultivate 6-8 branches in each pot. The last topping should be carried out 40-50 days before the Spring Festival to control flowering during the Spring Festival.
③ Watering: water 2-3 times a day, and properly control water before flowering to promote flowering;
④ Fertilization: Nitrogen fertilizer was mainly applied in the early stage and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was mainly applied in the later stage. Generally, inorganic fertilizer should be applied once a day, and organic fertilizer should be applied once a month.
⑤ Pest control: spraying drugs regularly to protect the foot leaves;
⑥ Bamboo binding: After the last core removal and branch fixing, start to bind bamboo, one branch at a time, and remove the redundant side branches for ventilation;
⑦ Bud picking: When the buds grow to the size of peanuts, two buds are left on each branch, and the other bud is sprayed with Hua Zhuang Di Ling during bud picking to make the petals plump, colorful and the flowering period prolonged;
⑧ Deciding buds: When the buds are red, only 1 bud remains on each branch.
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