Repressing yin and restraining sharp. It's impossible to make malaria. Cold and awkward. The box is lost. It's solemn and ridiculous. It is said that the head is in a hurry. Scared and scarred. It's asking questions. It is eager to be lazy. It's a mess It's bleak. It's jaw-dropping Very sad. Very depressing. Very trivial. Yu Yu was stunned, embarrassed, upset, depressed, stupid, afraid, sad, forbidden, ashamed, ran into the dock, withheld aid, lamented the bad news, shouted at the anxious tactics, whined and groaned, and the chickens and dogs were broken, symmetrical, vivid and ingenious, and stopped for a mile. Thousands of miles of Xie Xuan, rugged hills and valleys, hollowed out roses, overlapping obstacles, and covered caissons. Gongkao Jindian, vulgar cool curtain, buffer germination, grass disappears, snow and snow continue, grass grows and warblers fly, and multiply endlessly. The toad's spine is safe and sound, and the remains are folded. The disaster is traced back to the intensive and unbalanced barrier monitoring, which is blamed on the inevitable colorful roaring mountains, helpless natural selection, indifferent hallucinations, beautiful songs, crimson sunset clouds and dying western hills.
Second, text understanding
2 1. Tao Yuanming, also known as Qian, the author of Peach Blossom Garden, is a famous poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. This article is a note in front of Peach Blossom Garden Poetry, which is an ancient prose. It mainly records things, and often expresses the author's feelings or opinions by taking notes, taking notes, writing scenery and remembering people, that is, expressing feelings with scenery and supporting the ambition with things. ) is equivalent to the preface of the poem. The full text takes Wu Lingren's whereabouts in and out of the Peach Blossom Garden as a clue, which runs through the process of discovering the Peach Blossom Garden, what he saw and heard in the Peach Blossom Garden, and the situation of finding the Peach Blossom Garden after leaving the Peach Blossom Garden. The story is tortuous. Fictionalized an ideal society opposite to the dark reality, entrusted their own political ideals and reflected the wishes of the broad masses of people.
22. "Two papers"
Liu Yuxi, the author of My Humble Room Ming, was a writer in the Tang Dynasty. The humble room in this article is the author's room name, which means a humble house. "Ming" is a kind of writing carved on objects in ancient times, used to warn oneself or describe merits, and later became a style, generally using rhyme. This is an essay, describing the scene of the living room with the method of expressing ambition, trying to describe the "humble room", expressing a noble and proud sentiment and the interest of being poor and thinking about change.
Zhou Dunyi, the author of Ailian Shuo, was a philosopher in Song Dynasty. This paper uses the image of flowers as a symbol of human quality, and the image of lotus as a symbol of the quality of not pursuing fame and profit, being honest and clean. He expressed his appreciation and admiration for this quality with his love for lotus flowers, expressed his disdain for the evil world style of chasing fame and fortune and drifting with the tide, and said that he would keep a clean and honest life in a dirty society. Proverbs are an ancient style, which can be recorded or discussed to illustrate a truth. This article is not an essay to praise the world by borrowing things.
24. A Passage to the Avenue is selected from the Book of Rites Li Yun, one of the Confucian classics, which was compiled by the sages of the Western Han Dynasty on various etiquette works before the Qin and Han Dynasties. Li Yun is the title of The Book of Rites, which is about the works of Confucian scholars at the end of the Warring States Period or the Qin and Han Dynasties. The "avenue" in this article refers to the highest political ideal. "Avenue trip" means that if the rulers practice the avenue, the people can live in a stable and peaceful Datong society. This paper depicts an ideal blueprint for a "Great Harmony" society, expresses the author's yearning for such an ideal society, and also reflects the working people's yearning for a better life in China.
25. Du Fu and Du Fu's author Du Fu (7 12-770) all have beautiful words. Because they once lived in Shaoling in the south of Chang 'an, they called themselves Shaoling Yelao, and they were called Du Shaoling. Zi Mei lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Her poems are mostly about social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings, which is called "the history of poetry". He cares about the country and the people, has a noble personality and exquisite poetic skills, and is known as the "poet saint". Du Gongbu has been handed down from generation to generation.
"Looking at Yue" is an ancient poem, which begins with "looking", praises Mount Tai, eulogizes nature, hopes to reach the top of the world, and expresses ambition and fighting spirit.
"Spring Hope" is a seven-character poem, and the first couplet and the parallel couplet write about the defeat of the spring city, full of sighs; Neck couplet and tail couplet write about the situation of relatives, full of feelings of separation. The whole poem is affectionate and sincere, which embodies the poet's beautiful sentiment of patriotism and love for his family.
Li Shihao is a narrative poem. Through the poet's experience, the whole poem tells the story that an ordinary family in Shihao Village was forced to break up because of conscription. Seeing the big from the small truly and vividly reflects the deep air crash brought to the people by the "An Shi Rebellion" in the Tang Dynasty, exposes the brutality of officials, and expresses the poet's anxiety about the current situation and deep sympathy for the working people.
26. The Three Gorges is selected from Notes on Water Classics written by Li Daoyuan, a geographer in the Northern Wei Dynasty. The article describes the magnificent, steep and beautiful scenery of the Three Gorges with concise and vivid pen and ink. The author describes the scenery by grasping its characteristics. Write mountains, highlighting the characteristics of continuity and covering the sky. When writing water, I described different scenes in different seasons. The article describes mountains first, then water, with natural layout and clear thinking. Write the unrestrained beauty, beautiful beauty and sad beauty of the Three Gorges.
27. The appreciation books in the two short essays are written back by the author Tao Hongjing to his friend Xie Zhongshu. The article starts with emotion and exchanges inner feelings with friends. The author regards Xie Zhongshu as a friend who can talk about mountains and water, and expects to make a comparison with Lin Shi through the ages. Night Tour in Chengtian Temple is a short article written by Su Shi when he was in Huangzhou. The article is only 84 words, but it creates a quiet artistic realm and conveys the author's delicate and complicated state of mind.
30. Tao Yuanming's Return to the Garden (3) describes the joy of rural labor on the surface, revealing the author's love for rural life and his comfortable and leisurely mood of enjoying rural joy. But combining this poem with the author's other poems, the author's "wish" actually has its special connotation-live according to his own wishes and don't lose yourself in that dirty reality.
On the way to the frontier, Wang Wei described the scenery that a man with a court mission saw when he arrived at the frontier. This poem belongs to frontier poems. The poem describes the strange and magnificent scenery and shows the poet's praise for the patriotic spirit of the border guards who are brave in danger and dedicated to the country. His poems, as Su Shi said, "have pictures in poems".
"Seeing Friends Off at Jingmen Ferry" was written by Li Bai when he was out of Sichuan, which showed his nostalgia for his hometown.
The author of The Story of Climbing Yueyang Tower (I) is Chen of Song Dynasty. This poem is profound in artistic conception, open in weather, desolate and tragic, expressing the poet's lonely feelings of wandering the rivers and lakes, suffering from national disaster and the death of his eldest brother.
Third, classical Chinese
1, which means
It's like a bamboo. When you hear about it, you must go home. You have a Han nationality who is ignorant. No matter what you said or heard during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, you would help Lu Yi, the satrap, and fans would gladly follow the rules and go to the doctor. People who are not interested in it are humble, but I am virtuous, sincere and honest. The creator endowed all the mysterious nature here with elegance and? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. Ceng Yun was born. Throw yourself out of the wall at dusk. Why bother preparing for cooking in the morning? Nothing was lost in the pavilion. At midnight, summer water and the back of the mausoleum are blocked, or your life is not riding the wind, but rushing and flying. Qing Rong Jun Mao is a strange fog, which will cause the rest of the apes and birds to sing in the morning, but they want to be heavy and heavy, without thinking and fun. But there are few idle people like me.
2. Translation
(1) Chickens and dogs hear each other in the traffic: (Fields and paths are intertwined, and the village can hear the crowing of chickens and dogs. )
(2) lead his wife, children and fellow villagers to this isolated place and never go out again, so he cut off contact with outsiders. )
The man heard everything: The fisherman told them everything he heard in detail. )
(4) The love of chrysanthemums and flowers is rarely heard of by Tao Hou: (Tao Yuanming rarely heard of the love of chrysanthemums and flowers after that. )
Lotus is a gentleman in a flower. )
I haven't seen the rising moon since midnight: If it weren't for noon and midnight, I couldn't even see the sun and the moon. )
Ride against the wind, but don't get sick: even if you ride a good horse, you can't drive as fast as it. )
(8) As for launching Xiangling, it's blocked along the back: (As for the summer when the river overflows the mountains, both the descending and ascending ships are blocked. )
(9) Surging green pool, clear reflection: (Snow-white rapids, green pools, swaying clear waves, reflecting the shadows of various scenery. )
(10) Both sides are mountains, and there is no gap: (Both sides are continuous mountains, with almost no interruption. )
(1 1) is clear and magnificent, with many interests: (the water is clear and the trees are lush, the mountains are steep and the grass is lush, and the interests are endless. )
(12) The hollow valley is ringing, and the sorrow turns leisurely: (There is an echo of the crying of an ape in the hollow valley, and the sorrow turns euphemistically, and it takes a long time to disappear. )
(13) People who enjoy nothing: (I don't think anyone enjoys it with me. )
(14) But there are few idle people like us: (We just lack idle people like us. )
(15) Nobody can enjoy this wonderful scenery. )
Fourth, poetry dictation.
1. The sentence describing the grass and flowers in the Peach Blossom Garden is (The grass is delicious and the English is rich and colorful. )
2. From the story of Peach Blossom Garden, the idiom commonly used to describe the ideal world with beautiful environment and comfortable life is (Xanadu), and the idiom used to describe nobody cares about it is (Nobody cares about it).
3. The sentence describing the expressions of the old man and children in Peach Blossom Garden is (yellow hair hanging down eyes, enjoying yourself).
4. The sentence describing the natural and beautiful environment of Taoyuan in Peach Blossom Garden is (the land is flat and spacious, the houses are as good as it is, there are fertile fields and beautiful pools of mulberry and bamboo. )
5. The sentence describing the peaceful social environment in Peach Blossom Garden is (traffic in different places, chickens and dogs hear each other).
6. The poem about the communication between the host and the literati in "Humble Room Ming" is (talking and laughing with a scholar, but not together).
7. In "Humble Room Inscription", the environment outside the house is quiet and elegant, and the sentence that highlights the elegance of the scenery is (the moss on the stage is green, and the curtain is green).
8. In My Humble Room Inscription, the sentence that points out the theme (the whole article) is (I am a humble room, but I am virtuous). How do you say that a humble room is not humble?
9. The sentence describing the excellent character of the lotus in "Ailian Shuo" is (muddy but not stained, clear but not demon).
10 "Ailian Shuo" describes the image of lotus from two aspects of form and spirit, in which the noble and simple words of lotus are used to describe a gentleman who is neither in collusion with bad habits and customs, nor arrogant.
1 1, people often use the relevant sentences in "Ailian Shuo" to describe the quality of people who don't go along with the secular but lead a totally clean life. These two sentences are: (mud sticks, ripples are not evil. )
12, the "love lotus" in the metaphor of a gentleman who is not in cahoots is (out of the mud without dyeing, clear without demon. )
13, the reputation of the metaphor gentleman in Ailian is far-reaching. )
14. There is a sentence in "Looking at Yue" that has become an amazing language (climb to the top of the mountain and you can see the small scenery below. )
15, "Hope in Spring" reflects the poet's sadness of worrying about the country and homesickness (I smoothed my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. )
16, Du Fu's "Looking at Yue", the poem shows the ambition and spirit of not being afraid of difficulties, daring to reach the top and overlooking everything (once you get a glimpse of the top, you will see that other mountains are short under the sky ...)
17. The poem in "Stone Trencher" implies that the old woman has been taken away. )
18. The sentence describing the beautiful scenery under the moon in "Night Tour in Chengtian Temple" is (the courtyard is as empty as water, the algae in the water is horizontal, and the bamboo and cypress are hidden. )
19. The sentence from describing static scenery to describing dynamic scenery in "Thank you" is (the fog will break down and the apes and birds will sing).
20, "Three Gorges" describes the rapid flow of water (although riding the wind is not a disease. )
2 1. The poem expressing homesickness at Jingmen Ferry is (and the water brings you a feeling of home, pulling your boat three hundred miles. )
22. From Fan Zhongyan's famous sentence "The lonely city is closed in the long smoke and the setting sun" in "Fisherman's Passion", we can associate it with a poem describing the frontier fortress scene in Wang Wei's "Making Frontier Fortress" (the desert is lonely and the smoke is straight, and the long river falls to the yen. )
23. In "Make it a fortress", the famous sentence approved by Wang Guowei as "the wonder of the ages" is (the desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen. )
Attachment: knowledge of stylistic writing.
1. Six elements of news: time, place, people, cause, process and result of events. The structure of news has five parts, namely title, introduction, theme, background and conclusion. Introduction is the first paragraph or sentence at the beginning of news, which briefly indicates the core content of news; The subject is the backbone of the news, expressing the theme with sufficient facts is the gradual development and interpretation of the lead content; Background refers to the social and natural environment in which news takes place. Background and conclusion can sometimes be implied in the text.
2. Narrative can be divided into three forms according to the content. Narrative is mainly about characters, so we should pay attention to the analysis of characters' language, movements, psychology and appearance, so as to see their ideological quality and personality characteristics; Narrative writing focuses on events, that is, analyzing the cause, development and result of events, so as to understand the significance and influence of events; The main narrative, which focuses on the description of scenery, should pay attention to the characteristics of scenery and realize the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in the description of scenery. Therefore, when reading a narrative, we should pay attention to its writing, such as person, order, clues, what are the characteristics of material selection and tailoring, and what are the characteristics of language. At the same time, we should also understand that the main forms of narrative are narration and description, but discussion and lyricism are also often used. The function of discussion is to prompt the content of the article and point out the central idea. Lyricism is to arouse readers' thoughts and feelings and enhance the appeal of the article.
3. Explanatory text
(1) An article that takes explanation as the main expression and explains things according to certain requirements is called an expository article. The language features of expository writing are accuracy, plainness and conciseness.
(2) The premise of explaining things is to grasp the characteristics of things. The so-called characteristics are the signs that distinguish things.
(3) The explanatory order of explanatory text is: spatial order, chronological order and logical order. (There are general statements followed by secondary statements, first major and then secondary, first cause and consequence, from phenomenon to essence, from performance to function, etc. ).
(4) Common interpretation methods include: classification, explanation, example, analogy, comparison, figures and charts.
(5) Explanatory texts can be divided into two categories according to objects and contents: explaining physical things and explaining abstract things. According to the writing methods and expressions, expository writing can be divided into plain expository writing and literary expository writing.
(6) The difference between plain discourse and literary discourse is that plain discourse is pure expression, with concise language and specific content, which makes people understand after reading it. For example, various natural science textbooks. Scientific and technological information, experimental reports, manuals, etc. Literary exposition focuses on explanation, supplemented by narrative, description, lyric and other forms of expression, and often uses some rhetorical methods to introduce or explain things vividly, so that readers can enjoy art while gaining knowledge. This kind of discussion is usually called a sketch of knowledge or a sketch of science.
(7) The difference between description and narrative in expository text: A has different purposes: the description in narrative text is to "make people feel something"; The description of explanatory text is to "make people know" that B narrative text can use various description methods to play a variety of roles according to the needs of the central idea. Descriptive writing can only describe the characteristics of things in the process of explaining things with the help of certain visual techniques, mainly to make the characteristics of the things explained more concrete and vivid. C. The description in narrative can give full play to the role of artistic imagination, exaggeration and rendering, while the description in expository can be dealt with on the premise of realism, so as to be vivid and true.