A: I complain about the mighty practice, but I don't care about people's hearts.
Working background
Qu Yuan is rich in knowledge. Know how to deal with chaos and be good at rhetoric? With lofty ideals, he advocates the cultivation of statutes and the appointment of talents internally and the joint resistance to Qin externally. The die-hards in the aristocratic group of Chu constantly attacked and excluded Qu Yuan, making it impossible to realize his political ideal of fighting for it all his life. He used poetry to pour out his sad thoughts and lingering emotions.
As for the creation background of Li Sao, one of the focuses of debate is whether Li Sao was written when Qu Yuan was alienated by Chu Huaiwang or when Qu Yuan was exiled. Historical records? Biography of Qu Yuan said that the young and promising Qu Yuan was slandered by his colleague Doctor Shangguan and was alienated by Chu Huaiwang. Him? Meditate and write "Li Sao"? . And "Historical Records? Taishi Gongxu said:? Qu Yuan was exiled and wrote Li Sao. ? Bao Ren An Shu also said:? Qu Yuan's exile is a tribute to Li Sao. ? Sima Qian's account of the same incident is obviously contradictory.
Due to the lack of reliable historical materials, finding evidence from Lisao itself is a good way to solve this problem. There is such a poem in the poem:? What's the difference between centrifugation and Xi? I'll die far away. ? Selflessness means a proactive attitude, doesn't it? Be released? . Besides, are some people because of this poem? Jiyuan Xiangnan Zheng Xi? In a word, I suspect that Qu Yuan wrote it after he was exiled, but this is not credible. Because the second half of Li Sao is full of the poet's wandering in imagination. Jiyuan Xiangnan Zheng Xi? This is not true.
In short, historical records? The statement in Biography of Qu Yuan is credible, that is, Li Sao was written when Qu Yuan was alienated by Chu Huaiwang, and it was based on the political reality of Chu State and his own unfair experience. Anger is to express emotions? Political lyrics created; And "Historical Records? Preface to Taishi Gong and Letter to Ren An are lyrical words, or they may be faithless to historical facts when writing.
Introduction of poets
Qu Yuan (about 340 BC or 339 BC? 278 BC), China was a poet and politician of Chu during the Warring States Period. Born in Zigui, Chu (now Yichang, Hubei). Mi surname, Qu family, human, the word is native; Since the cloud name is regular, the spirit word is even. The descendants of Qu Xian, the son of Xiong Tong in Chu Wuwang during the Warring States Period. When I was a teenager, I was well educated, knowledgeable and ambitious. In his early years, he was trusted by Chu Huaiwang as Zuotu, and was also a doctor of San Lv, in charge of internal affairs and foreign affairs. He advocates? Mei Zheng? , advocate internal meritocracy, cultivate statutes, and unite external forces against Qin. Slashed by nobles, he was exiled to Hanbei and Yuanxiang Valley. Qu Yuan drowned in the Miluo River after General Qin attacked the capital city of Chu in vain.
Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China and the founder of China's romantic literature. Chu ci? "Open? Vanilla beauty? Tradition, known as? China poet? The ancestor of ci fu? . The appearance of Qu Yuan marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality. Qu Yuan's major works include Li Sao, Nine Songs, Nine Chapters and Tian Wen. Chu Ci, with Qu Yuan's works as the main body, is one of the sources of China's romantic literature, which is equivalent to Guo Feng in The Book of Songs. Sao? , had a far-reaching impact on later poetry. 1953, on the occasion of the 2230th anniversary of Qu Yuan's death, the World Peace Council passed a resolution to identify Qu Yuan as one of the four cultural celebrities in the world.
Qu Yuan's influence on later generations
Literary innovation
( 1)? Vanilla beauty? Symbolic technique of
Qu Yuan's? Vanilla beauty? Qu Yuan's symbolism inherited and used the metaphor of The Book of Songs. Qu Yuan's creation showed the liberation of emotion to a certain extent, thus creating a brand-new poetic style full of vitality and strong appeal. Because of the need of this kind of emotional expression, we can't be satisfied with plain writing techniques, but need to borrow a lot of mythical materials from Chu and use beautiful fantasies, which greatly expands the realm of poetry and shows its magnificent characteristics. This opened up a new path for the creation of China's classical poetry. Poets with strong personality and emotion in later generations, such as Li Bai and Li He, were greatly inspired. It can be said that all the schools in China's ancient literature that pay attention to literary beauty can be traced back to Qu Yuan.
(2) Creation of new poetic style? Sao Style and New Poetry Style
For the works of Chu Ci, there are not only some ready-made five-character or seven-character poems, but also a large number of three-character poems besides the two-character poems. The appearance of three-character rhythmic poems is an opportunity for four-character poems to be transformed into five-character or seven-character poems. Therefore, it can be said that Chu Ci is the first poem to break the four-sentence pattern. In its various uneven sentence patterns, it contains the embryonic form of five-character and seven-character poems, which gives endless inspiration to future generations. In addition, Chu Ci created a new poetic style. This form of poetry is more free and changeable in sentence structure and structure than the Book of Songs, so it can more effectively shape artistic images and express complex and intense feelings. As far as sentence patterns are concerned, Chuci is dominated by miscellaneous characters, which breaks through the traditional four-sentence pattern. As far as language description is concerned, Chu Ci is good at rendering and describing, rich in words, and attaches importance to the aesthetic feeling of external forms, which creates conditions for the emergence of Fu literature in Han Dynasty. Chu Ci also highlights the romantic spirit, which is mainly manifested in the passionate emotion, the pursuit of ideals, the prominence of the lyric hero image, fantasy imagination and so on. And created a magnificent picture through fantasy and myth.
(3) The Songs of the South initiated romanticism.
Qu Yuan's romantic writing technique has a far-reaching influence on later literary creation. In particular, Li Bai, a great romantic poet in China in the Tang Dynasty, also consciously studied Qu Yuan's positive romantic writing techniques. There are many Luo Zhi myths and legends, historical figures, the sun and the moon in Li Bai's poems, which constitute a magnificent picture.
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