During the Jin-Tai-Yuan period, Wu Lingren took fishing as his occupation. Walk along the stream and forget the distance. Suddenly I met the peach blossom forest and grabbed the shore for hundreds of steps. There are no miscellaneous trees in it. Grass is delicious, and Britain is colorful. Fishermen are different. They move on and want to be poor. Kuliang
If there is no water in the forest, make a mountain. The mountain has a small mouth and seems to have light. Leave the ship and enter through the mouth. Only by being narrow at first can we understand people. Take a few steps and you will be suddenly enlightened. The land is flat and spacious, so is the house. There are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo. There is a lot of traffic in the building, and chickens and dogs hear each other. Some men and women dressed like strangers. The yellow hair hangs low and enjoys itself.
Seeing the fisherman, he was shocked and asked him what he had not done. Answer it. You have to go home and set up wine to kill chickens for dinner. When the village heard about this man, Xian came to inquire. Since Master Yunzu escaped from the chaos of the Qin Dynasty and led his wife to this desperate situation, he did not come back and separated from outsiders. You ask what this world is, and I don't know if there are any Han Chinese, regardless of Wei and Jin Dynasties. This man speaks every word with a sigh.
The rest of the people went home, and all the food and wine were not delivered. Stop for a few days and resign. There is a saying in China: "The humanity of outsiders is not satisfactory." Help the road when you get off the boat, and you are determined everywhere. And the county, Yi Taishou, said so. The satrap means to send someone with him to find what he wants, get lost, get lost.
Liu Ziji, a noble family, heard about it and gladly did it. If you fail, you find the disease, and then you lose interest.
Translation?
In the first year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a man in Wuling County who made a living by fishing. He sailed along the stream and forgot the distance. Suddenly I met a peach blossom forest, which grew on both sides of the stream and stretched for hundreds of steps. There are no other trees in the middle, the flowers are fresh and beautiful, and the fallen flowers are scattered all over the floor. The fisherman was very surprised by this (the scenery in front of him) and continued to sail, trying to reach the end of the forest.
At the end of Taolin is the birthplace of the stream, so a mountain appears. There is a small hole in the mountain, which seems to be lit. So he got off the boat and went in through the hole. At first, the hole was very narrow, and only one person could pass through. After dozens of steps, it suddenly became open and bright. A flat and wide land, rows of neat houses.
There are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo forests. The path in the field is intertwined, and the crowing of chickens and dogs can be heard everywhere. People come and go in the fields, farming and working, and men and women wear the same clothes as the world outside the Peach Blossom Garden. Old people and children are very comfortable and happy, and they have a good time. People in the village were surprised to see the fisherman and asked him where he came from.
The fisherman gave a detailed answer. Someone in the village invited him to his home and cooked for him. When people in the village heard about such a person, they all came to inquire about the news. They themselves said that their ancestors brought their wives, children and neighbors to this isolated place in order to avoid the war in the Qin Dynasty, and never went out again, thus cutting off contact with outsiders.
They asked the fishermen what dynasty it was. They didn't even know about the Han Dynasty, let alone the Wei and Jin Dynasties. The fisherman told them everything he knew in detail, and they all sighed. The rest invited the fisherman to their home, and all took out wine and rice to entertain him. The fisherman stayed for a few days and said goodbye to the villagers.
The people in the village said to him, "We are not worth telling outside people here." After the fisherman came out, he found his boat and went back along the old road, marking everywhere. In the county, I went to the magistrate and reported this experience. The satrap immediately sent someone to follow him, looking for the marks he had made before, and finally lost his way and couldn't find the way to the Peach Blossom Garden.
Liu Ziji, a noble hermit from Nanyang, happily planned to go after hearing this. But it didn't happen, and soon he died of illness. Since then, I have never asked anyone on Taohuayuan Road.
Author: Tao Yuanming, writer of the Eastern Jin Dynasty
Extended information I. Main idea
Peach Blossom Garden is one of the representative works of Tao Yuanming, a writer in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It is "Preface to Peach Blossom Garden Poetry", which is selected from Tao Yuanming's collection. Based on the whereabouts of Wuling fisherman, this paper links reality with ideal realm, and through the description of peaceful, happy, free and equal life in Peach Blossom Garden, it shows the author's ideal of pursuing a better life and his dissatisfaction with the real life at that time.
Second, the creative background
Tao Yuanming had the ambition of "helping the poor" when he was young. However, Stupid Liang lived in the time when Jin and Song changed hands. The Eastern Jin Dynasty was extremely corrupt, surrendered blindly to the outside world and settled in a corner of the rivers and lakes. The life of the ruling group is dissolute, civil strife continues, warlords have been fighting for years, and exorbitant taxes and levies have deepened the exploitation and oppression of the people. In the turbulent era when the country was on the verge of collapse, Tao Yuanming's ambition could not be realized at all.
At the same time, the Eastern Jin Dynasty inherited the old system, implemented the door-door system, and protected the aristocratic bureaucratic privileges of aristocratic gentry, resulting in intellectuals from small and medium-sized landlords having no chance to display their talents. A poor man like Tao Yuanming, whose ancestors and fathers only held first-class official positions, had a premature decline in his family. Of course, he was "ambitious and dedicated."
In addition, his personality is honest and frank, honest and honest, and he doesn't want to grovel and cling to the powerful, so he has a sharp contradiction with the dirty and dark real society and has a feeling of being out of place. In the first year of Yixi (405), he resolutely resigned from the Pengze county magistrate who took office only 8 1 day, and finally got rid of the ruler, retired to the countryside and lived in seclusion for a long time.
Although Tao Yuanming is far away in the Jianghu, he still cares about state affairs. In June of the second year of Yuanxi (420), Emperor Wu of Song abolished Emperor Gong Jin as the king of Lingling and changed his title to "Yongchu". In the second year, Emperor Wu of Song conspired to suffocate Gong Jin with a quilt. These can't help but cause waves in Tao Yuanming's thoughts. Starting from the inherent Confucian concept, he became dissatisfied with Emperor Wu of Song's regime and deepened his hatred of the real society.
But he can't change or interfere with this situation, so he has to express his feelings with the help of creation, and create a beautiful realm opposite to the dirty and dark society, in order to entrust his political ideals and good interests. Peach Blossom Garden was written in this context.
Third, ancient Chinese sentence patterns.
1) sentence
Example: Nanyang Liu Ziji, Gao Shangshi also. ("Yi" table judgment. Liu Ziji is a noble celebrity. )
2) Elliptic sentences
Theme:
Example 1: The mountain has a small mouth, which seems to have light. (It is the omission of "small mouth seems to have light". There is a small hole in the mountain, and there seems to be a light in it. )
Ex. 2: Leave the ship and enter through the mouth. (It is the omission of "the fisherman leaves the ship and enters from the mouth". The fisherman jumped off the boat and got in through the hole. )
Save object:
Example 1: Asking what you haven't asked is an omission of "asking what you haven't asked". "ambition" replaces "fisherman" Ask the fisherman where he comes from. )
Save prepositions:
Example 2: Forest water shortage (abbreviation of "forest water shortage")
3) Words in this article: (Modern significance)
Xanadu: refers to a quiet or comfortable place.
Suddenly enlightened: metaphor suddenly realized a truth.
Enjoy yourself: describe happiness and satisfaction.
Withdrawal: not interacting with others or looking at things from an outsider's point of view.
Nobody cares: it means that no one comes to ask, try or buy.
Three. Brief introduction of the author
Tao Yuanming (352 or 365-427), also known as "Jingjie", was born in Xunyang Chaisang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province). A great poet and poet at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty.
He served as Jiangzhou Wine Sacrifice, Jianwei Army, Zhenjun, and Pengze County Order, and the last official position was Pengze County Order. He left his post for more than 80 days and retired to the countryside. He is the first pastoral poet in China, and is known as the "School of Ancient and Modern Hermit Poetry", with a collection of Tao Yuanming.
The language of Tao Yuanming's works is plain, but it is to express deep feelings and rich thoughts in simple and plain language; The meaning is easy to read, and the connotation needs to be carefully tasted, but it is also sincere. Liang Shiqiu said, "Brilliance is attributed to dullness, but that dullness is not mediocrity, that dullness is not dullness, and that dullness is an artistic charm that does not reveal traces."
He is good at writing scenery, dyeing the scenery with freehand brushwork, and his artistic conception is muddy, lofty and full of rational interest. The language is accurate and true, simple and true, the style is sparse and the charm is deep. However, Tao's poems are elegant, leisurely and naturally diluted, and are also generous and unrestrained by King Kong, such as Ode to Jing Ke and Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas.
Shi Tao is also good at combining xing with the beauty of nature. The scenery in his works is both symbolic and real in life. For example, Cloudy Moon and Ye Zhonghua, written by antique people in the seventh song Cloudless Sunset, are not only spring scenery on a moonlit night, but also the most beautiful and prosperous short time in life.
The scenes in Tao Yuanming's works are often personified, such as pine trees, fragrant chrysanthemums, returning birds and lonely clouds, which are common scenes in daily life and symbols of the poet's noble character.
Tao Yuanming is good at poetry, and his poems mostly describe natural scenery and rural life, which is also the main theme of Tao Yuanming's poems. Among them, his excellent works express his boredom with officialdom and secular society, show his interest in leading an honest and clean life and refusing to bow down to please others, but also advocate negative thoughts such as "impermanence of life" and "happy fate".
Its artistic features are simple and bright, simple and natural in language, extremely refined and unique in style. Tao Yuanming is the first pastoral poet in China, and his poems focus on expressing his feelings. Lyricism, scenery description and discussion are closely combined, and the scene blends, which embodies the author's personality, his lofty self-worship and his indifference to the secular.
Baidu encyclopedia-Taohuayuan