/Danzhou: The green mountains are the Central Plains
One
A tired guest is worried about the long way home, but his eyesight is clear and the flying pavilion overlooks the long bridge. When I look at the egrets crossing Qiupu, I don’t realize that there is no late tide in Qinglin.
Second
I want to live in Hainan Village for the rest of my life. The emperor sent Wu Yang to summon my soul? The falcons are nowhere to be seen when the sky is low, and the Central Plains is as soon as the green mountains rise.
——"Two Poems from Chengmai Tongchao Pavilion"
After the death of Zhezong of the Song Dynasty, Huizong of the Song Dynasty succeeded to the throne with the support of the Queen Mother Xiang. He issued a general amnesty to the world and issued an edict for Su Shi to move to Lianzhou in Guangxi, mainland China. On April 21 of that year, Song Huizong's son was born, and he was favored by the world. So Su Shi was appointed as the deputy envoy of Shuzhou Tuanlian and was allowed to live in Yongzhou. In June, Su Shi left Danzhou. From the age of sixty-two to sixty-five, Su Shi spent three full years in Danzhou.
During his three years in Danzhou, Su Shi formed a deep friendship with the local Li people. Li compatriots came to see him off one after another, and Su Shi was reluctant to leave them. When leaving, he wrote an affectionate poem "I don't hate nine deaths in the southern wilderness". Originally, Su Shi thought he would die of old age in Hainan, but he really didn't expect to survive on the mainland in his lifetime. Although his hometown is an unattainable dream for an exile like him, Su Shi's attachment to his hometown has not weakened at all. When he bid farewell to Hainan and returned to the mainland, he wrote these two poems in Dengtongchao Pavilion, Chengmai County, Hainan Island.
"A tired traveler is worried about the long way home, and his eyesight is flying over the pavilion overlooking the long bridge." Su Shi stood on the Tongchao Pavilion and looked at the mainland in the distance. He was filled with melancholy. The road back was endless, and he didn't know when he could take it. Go to your homeland. Here Su Shi calls himself "Jianke", which literally means a tired traveler. In fact, it also means that Su Shi is tired of political struggle. He was originally a scholar, but because of his peerless talent and a few heartfelt words in the court, he was repeatedly ostracized and hit, even forcing him to a desperate situation without food, drink, or shelter.
How many wonderful years can a person have in his life? Su Shi spent almost all of his life in relegation and exile. Now he is old and an old man. He is tired of the intrigues in the court and tired of traveling to the end of the world. He just wants to have a peaceful place to spend the rest of his time. He longs to return to the mainland, but the political environment in the mainland makes him worried. At the same time, he is also worried about whether his old body can reach his homeland safely. The deeper meaning of "worried news" is that it even sounds worried. So what kind of mixed feelings would he have when he climbed up to Tongchao Pavilion and looked north at his hometown? Desperately wanting to go home, but not daring to go back, this contradiction troubled Su Shi's heart.
But he was quickly attracted by the beautiful scenery in front of him: Tongchao Pavilion with four cornices is the Long Bridge, and the other end of the Long Bridge leads to the mainland that he longs for. "Looking at the egrets crossing Qiupu, I don't realize that there is no late tide in Qinglin." There are egrets and other water birds flying around the river in search of food. Looking at these free-flying egrets, unknowingly in the evening, I feel hopeful in my heart. The sadness of hometown has also been temporarily put on hold. At this time, the evening tide rose and the water level increased. In the distance, a green forest and the deep blue river merged into one. It was no longer clear which was the forest and which was the river. In this poem, Su Shi's emotions change from melancholy to depression to sudden enlightenment.
"I want to live in Hainan Village for the rest of my life, and the Emperor sent Wu Yang to summon my soul." I originally thought that I would spend the rest of my days in this remote place on Hainan Island, and even prepared a burial. Hainan's preparations, but I didn't expect that the court would call me back to the mainland at this time. These two sentences describe Su Shi's surprise when he was unexpectedly ordered to return.
For exiled and controlled officials like Su Shi, his hometown was an untouchable dream. He did not dare to climb the mountain above his home and look north, for fear that the sight would bring tears to his eyes. Now he finally received the imperial edict, and he finally waited for the news that he could return to his homeland. "There is no place for falcons when the sky is low, and the green mountains are the Central Plains." Climb high and look north, the sky is far away, where the high-flying falcons gradually disappear, where the continuous green mountains are like a strand of hair, that is my longing The Central Plains is my distant hometown!
These two lines of poems express the longing for the hometown with distant scenery. The emotions are hot and long, expressing the poet's sincere thoughts but sadness about the long journey home. The four words "A wave of green mountains" carry Su Shi's endless sustenance and incomprehensible melancholy. The mainland is vaguely in sight, and you only need to cross this shallow strait to reach your hometown...
Su Shi crossed the sea on June 20 and arrived in Yulin, Guangxi in September. At this time, he received his student Qin Watch the sad news that he died of illness in Tengzhou. Su Shi was extremely sad about Qin Guan's death. He burst into tears and couldn't eat for two days. He lamented: "It's too late to travel for a long time, but there is no redemption for ten thousand people!" Among the "Four Scholars of Su Sect", Qin Guan was the most popular among Su Shi. However, Su Shi was repeatedly demoted and ostracized throughout his life, and Qin Guan was the first to be implicated. As a result, his career was bleak and depressed throughout his life. After Qin Guan died, Su Shi copied his words on a fan to express his condolences. "The Chenjiang River is fortunate to have circled Chenshan Mountain. Who did it go to Xiaoxiang for?" Qin Guan was proud to know Su Shi throughout his life. Even if he was exiled and demoted, he would not hesitate to follow him. Faced with Qin Guan's deep emotions, the blow his death had on Su Shi can be imagined. In the second year after Qin Guan's death, Su Shi also died of illness in Changzhou.
On his way back north, Su Shi's mood was complicated. When passing Dayuling, Su Shi met an old man.
When the old man heard that it was Su Shi and his entourage, he stepped forward and saluted him and said, "I have heard that people who do harm to public officials are bound to do so. Today I am returning to the north. It is God blessing the good people!" Su Shi smiled. He thanked the old man very much and wrote: "To the Old Man on the Ridge":
The crane's bones are frosty and his beard has turned gray, and the green pines are planted together with his hands in his arms.
I asked Weng Dayu who lived in Lingtou and saw him move south several times.
This poem has a sense of the vicissitudes of the world, and also embodies Su Shi's infinite indignation. Most of Yuanyou's old ministers like him have died after enduring the cruel torture of party strife. Although he was lucky enough to return to the north alive, his life was not settled. He is full of poetic talent and worries about the country and the people all his life, but in the end, "Where is his hometown?"
After Song Huizong came to power, he demoted Su Shi's political rival Zhang Dun. This was not because Song Huizong was dissatisfied with Zhang Dun's "retaliation and repeated imprisonments", but because Zhang Dun had opposed He succeeded to the throne. After removing the villain Zhang Dun, Song Huizong reused other traitorous ministers Tong Guan and Cai Jing. Facing the dark court, Su Shi was no longer willing to take a step closer to the capital, and he decided to stay in Changzhou.
When Su Shi visited Jinshan Temple with his friends, he saw a portrait of Su Shi painted by the great painter Li Gonglin in the temple. Su Shi was impressed by the image and wrote a poem:
The heart is like a gray tree, and the body is like a boat without ties.
I ask you about your life achievements, Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou.
Those who persecuted Su Shi thought that they could kill him by banishing him to the most remote and wild place. They did not expect that Su Shi's most proud achievements in his life were established in Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou. If he had not been exiled to Huangzhou, Su Shi's poetry would not have matured to the point of being natural, and there would be no "Dongpo meat", "Dongpo soup" and "Dongpo tea" that we are still talking about today... If there was no When he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou, the lives of the local people might still lag behind for many years. It was precisely because of Su Shi's death that the lives of the local people improved; he sought medical advice for them, he found springs and dug wells for them. , he improved farm tools for them... Wherever there is Su Shi, the people there will have the gospel.
"The green mountains are the Central Plains." What was it like for Su Shi, who had been exiled outside the mountains for seven years, to return to the Central Plains? He thought he could still do something for the court, but when he returned, he saw that the court was no different from before, so his newly burning heart was extinguished again. "The heart is like a gray tree, and the body is like an untied boat." It is a blessing to be able to return to the Central Plains alive in this life. At such an old age, it is better to find a quiet place to spend the rest of the year. After repeated consideration, Su Shi decided to settle in Changzhou.
"Liangxi Manzhi" records an anecdote: Su Shi's friend Shao Minzhan helped him buy a house in Yixing and spent 500 yuan. For Su Shi, who had been in exile for a long time, had no salary, and lacked food and clothing, these five hundred coins were all his savings. Su Shi was planning to choose an auspicious day to move into his new house. On a moonlit night, he and Shao Minzhan took a walk to a village. They heard a peasant woman crying and asked why. It turned out that her ancestral home was sold by an unworthy son, so she cried bitterly. After making inquiries, I found out that it was the house he bought. So Su Shi said to the old woman: "I bought my old home. There is no need to be deeply sad. Now I should give this house back to me." Su Shi burned the house deed on the spot and asked his son to take his mother back to her old home for five hundred coins. Didn't ask him to pay it back. In the end, Su Shi still borrowed other people's houses to live.
Su Shi left Meishan, his ancestral home, at the age of twenty and came to the capital to seek his way to help the world and the country. He met Bole Ouyang Xiu who admired him, and became famous all over the world in one fell swoop. However, because of his frankness and uprightness, he said some "inappropriate" words, and was repeatedly ostracized and attacked by villains. He was exiled all the way to the southern wilderness at the end of the world.
He spent most of his life in relegation, but he never forgot his court.
What did Su Shi feel when he climbed up in the distant southern wilderness and looked at Jiashan Mountain in the north and wrote this sentence: "The green mountains are the Central Plains"? After thousands of years, we can seem to see Su Shi's messy frosty white hair in the wind, as well as his tearful face...