When you miss your hometown, you were missed and sad a long time ago.
Spring breeze, since I dare not know you, why should I separate the silk curtain beside my bed? ? Enjoy 1
The title of Li Bai's five-character ancient poem is "Spring Thoughts". At first glance, it is a poem describing and thinking about women's inner world. According to the traditional expression habit of China's classical poems, the word "spring" is generally a semantic pun. First, it refers to the spring of nature, and second, it can be compared to the love between men and women. In ancient times, every time a boudoir woman was in beautiful spring, what she thought was naturally her husband who was away from home. Many poets in the Tang Dynasty were masters in writing poems about missing women, and the theme of young women's longing for spring really left many vivid works. For example, Wang Changling's "in my heart forever", which is known as the "Seven Unique Hands", said: "Young women in boudoir don't know how to worry, so they put on makeup in spring. Suddenly I saw the willow color on the stranger's head and regretted teaching my husband to find the marquis. I vividly and delicately reproduced a carefree "boudoir young woman". Because she lived a carefree life, she dressed herself up carefully, boarded a tall green building and watched the beautiful spring outside. Who knows, it doesn't matter at first glance, but the splendid spring scenery evokes a deep-rooted "spring": I regret that I have been encouraging my husband to make contributions to the frontier, but in the end I failed to live up to this beautiful "spring scenery" and wasted my "youth". However, because in my heart forever was written in the most popular four-line style at that time, it showed a relatively superficial secular aesthetic emotion and tendency, that is, it was a pure fashion. Although it belongs to the same theme, Li Bai's Spring Thoughts is written in five-character ancient poems because of its different genres, so it is more tortuous and euphemistic in expressing feelings. At first glance, in my heart forever is a typical Tang poem, which is undoubtedly a masterpiece of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. However, Spring Thoughts gives people a simple and beautiful aesthetic enjoyment. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty once commented on this poem: "The ancient meaning is beautiful, and the body is close to the beam. "It means that, in terms of style, it is very similar to the folk songs between Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, but it is a little more subtle and connotative in expression and connotation. This style, which is quite similar to the Book of Songs, is called "ancient meaning". Rhetorically, however, it is very special, using different antitheses, starting with a general neat counterpoint, "Your grass is blue jade in the north, and our mulberries bend green threaded branches here." Then he carefully constructed a pair of "flowing lovers". "At last you want to go home, and now my heart is breaking", which is quite skillful. The refinement and tempering of this art is the "beauty" affirmed by Emperor Qianlong.
Bixing begins with confusion. Because the length of the whole poem is quite short, there are only six sentences in one sentence, so every word should be carefully arranged, and there is no room for free will. "The grass in your north is as blue as jade, and the mulberry branches here are bent like moss." If you don't understand it carefully, you may think the beginning is flat, but that's all. Because from the technical point of view, this is the prosperity and competition of Fu, that is, "he said that he made the words sung in advance" ("Zhu Shizhuan"). Starting from the scenery in front of us, it causes homesickness behind us, which is the most common way to open folk songs since the Book of Songs. Moreover, in rhetoric, it is also a general duality, that is, the most secure form, which is adjective to adjective and noun to noun respectively. For example, "Swallow Grass" versus "Qin Sang" and "Beth" versus "Green Branch". However, there are rich connotations hidden in this unremarkable ordinary. Just like the title of this xiaowen, it gives people the feeling that they are "confused, just because spring is sultry". Yan Di is the northern part of Shanxi and Hebei today, and Qin is the Guanzhong area of Shaanxi now. The two places are far apart, so it is impossible for one person to see these two different spring scenery at the same time. As long as the reader thinks a little, it is not difficult to understand that the woman who is full of "spring" in the poem must be in the spring of Qin, and the person who misses is of course in Yanbei, where the spring is still cold. It's cold outside the Yanbei Great Wall. When the spring grass finally grows green buds as thin as hair, the homesick women who are far away in Qin are already in the mulberry forest with drooping branches.
Sifu lived in the middle of Qin Dynasty. What she saw in front of her eyes was the lush mulberry forest, but what she thought of was the grass that had just sprouted in the chilly spring of Beiyan. In fact, she has no mind to appreciate the spring scenery around her, because she has been aroused by the spring scenery and remembered her husband who has been working in Yan for a long time. The implication of "Xing" in this poem is actually hidden. Literally, it is clear that the spring in Qin and Yanbei is very different in time because of the different climate, and another meaning of "spring" refers to the love between men and women, that is, the meaning of "spring is full" that often appears in ancient poems. Then, when Yanbei's husband began to feel that he had been away from home for too long and just wanted to go home, his wife at home had been snapping her fingers all day. Does "our mulberries bend branches with green threads here" have a more intrinsic meaning? Because whenever "Qin Sang" is mentioned, it will always remind people of the famous song "Sang in Shang Mo" written by Han Yuefu: "Look at my Qinfu at the southeast corner of sunrise. Qin has a good daughter who calls herself Luo Fu. " Luo Fu is good at raising silkworms and picking mulberry in the south corner of the city. Perhaps the singing of Qin Family, Good Silkworm Breeding and Picking the Southern Corner of Mulberry Sons is not a completely unrelated accidental coincidence with our Mulberry Song in Spring Thoughts. Li Bai is probably suggesting to people that the heroine in "Spring Thoughts" is as beautiful and witty as "Luo Fu".
As a short poem with Qi-Liang style, Li Bai also used the rhetorical device of "homophonic pun", the most common folk song in the Southern Dynasties at that time. He homophones "thinking" with "silk" and "knowing" with "branch", which not only makes the whole poem look more like a folk song in the Southern Dynasties, but also echoes the following feelings of "nostalgia" and "heartbroken".
I love you very much. I'll speak my mind directly. Three or four sentences in the poem directly come from the idea of "xing" at the beginning, so there are still two sentences, both of which say "and you finally want to go home, and now my heart is breaking." When she learned that her husband arrived in Yanbei in late spring, and finally began to plan his return trip, her wife felt heartbroken instead of relieved and happy. The wife's reaction was really unexpected. Where does this feeling of heartbreak come from? It turned out that although the husband had already planned to go home, the spoony wife thought it was too late for him to go home at this time, because she had been longing for him to come back. The subtle internal relationship between Swallow Grass and Qin Sang mentioned at the beginning of the poem, and the following "Returning to the bosom" and "heartbroken" is revealed. Although it is undoubtedly a good thing for Sifu to know that her husband will eventually come back, she feels wronged in turn. How did you think of going home before that? Waiting at home alone every day, looking forward to it day by day, almost looking through the autumn water. Thought of here, I may even gently scold you "you have no heart", and I may even shed a few tears of joy. Therefore, at this moment, Sifu's "heartbroken" is not really painful, but a kind of blame and complaint full of true feelings. Maybe if her husband doesn't say he will go home, she will still miss him and wait without complaint. After receiving the news that her husband came home, Sifu's seemingly unnatural complaints and venting just expressed her love for her husband. The so-called deep affection, so she is duty-bound. This is a fact. After reading these, we can't help feeling that Li Bai, who is famous for his romance and boldness, has such a subtle grasp of women's psychology.
The question mark is a knot, and the feelings are infinite. The ending of this poem is also unexpected and sudden. After learning that her husband was going home, Sifu waited at home wholeheartedly for him to enter the door as soon as possible. But her husband didn't come back, and Sifu became more and more anxious. But she is the only one at home, full of bitterness and mixed feelings. Who can she confide in? It is precisely because there is no object to vent, so in desperation, this thoughtful woman who is as quiet as a virgin on weekdays will complain about the ignorant spring breeze and condemn it: "Spring breeze, since I dare not know you, why should I open the silk curtain beside my bed?" ? "The spring breeze blew into her boudoir and overturned the curtains on the bed. Looking at this swaying Luo Wei, she even touched the feelings of this thoughtful woman. She once again sent out a puzzling question, and this time the object turned out to be Chunfeng: "You and I have never met, why do you want to go deep into my boudoir?" This is not a question and rejection of the spring breeze, but because the spring breeze blew into the boudoir, which touched her thoughts about her husband. Even the spring breeze, which I have never met before, came to visit, but shouldn't the husband who knows the meaning well and knows himself well come back? You know, this boudoir is ours. This confinement of the spring boudoir is boring, so the spring thoughts are lingering, so the act of attacking the spring breeze is a vivid representation of the homesick woman "Chun Qing", which seems unreasonable, but in fact it is affectionate. The bitterness of acacia and the depth of love are vividly portrayed and breathtaking.
Li Bai also has two five-character companion poems, Qiu Si, which are also soliciting poems. One of them also specifically mentioned the scene of spring. "The sun in spring is like yesterday, and the trees sing orioles. The grass grows at dusk and the cool wind blows. Under the autumn leaves, the cold moon is sad. " Sit and worry about the fragrance of autumn, and the Millennium withers in bloom. "Yesterday seems to be a sunny and spring day. Why is it cold and autumn in the blink of an eye today? Not only did the green trees lose their leaves, but the autumn flowers also withered. Not to mention that cheerful and euphemistic oriole Haruka has already turned into Shaji's mournful Qiu Ge. The days are spent silently in this endless waiting and expectation. What do you mean, getting old? What do you mean, youth is gone? The protagonist "Qiu Si" in this poem seems to have lost the waiting, expectation, accusation and confession of thinking about women in the poem "Spring Thoughts", and her nerves seem to have become numb. Having experienced too many regrets and disappointments, she dared not expect anything, so she had to let nature take its course. Comparing Qiu Si's mentality, we will deeply realize that Spring Thoughts is full of passion for life. Although this lovely thinking woman sometimes expresses extreme "dissatisfaction" with her husband, claiming that she is heartbroken because of his long absence, she sometimes "censures" Feng Chun, thinking that she should not interfere in everything and come uninvited. But through these "dissatisfaction" and "censure", it is not difficult to find that what a thoughtful woman jumps inside is still the melody of love and the yearning for a better life. Because this kind of waiting in "Spring Thoughts" is just around the corner, there is hope, so it can give the thinking woman confidence and courage to live. She said that she was heartbroken, obviously to impress her husband's tenderness, and was indifferent to the "spring breeze" that was "out of place". To show her loyalty and firmness, of course. So although she is complaining and in pain, she is full of hope and expectation. Therefore, every kind reader will have a deep blessing after reading Spring Thoughts. Let our heroine get her wish as soon as possible! Let her husband return to Qin from Yanbei as soon as possible! Don't let her wait for a long summer in vain, and then send out the same sadness as Qiu Si in autumn. (Tian Nanchi)
Appreciate II
Li Bai has a considerable number of poems describing the psychology of thinking about women, among which Spring Thoughts is a famous one. In China's classical poems, the word "spring" is often a pun. It refers not only to the spring in nature, but also to the love between young men and women. The word "spring" in the poem "Spring Thoughts" contains such two meanings.
The first two sentences: "Your grass in the north is as green as jade, and my mulberry leaves are twisted with green silk branches" can be regarded as "Xing". Generally speaking, the sentences in a poem begin with what you see in front of your eyes, but these two sentences are quite unique because of the spring scenery of Yan and Qin, which are far apart. "The grass in the north of you is as blue as jade", out of the wife's idea: "The mulberry here is bent with moss", which the wife saw with her own eyes. Logically speaking, it seems a bit awkward to put the unseen distant view and close view on the same screen, and both of them are written from the side of thinking about women, but it is feasible from the perspective of "writing feelings". Imagine: In mid-spring, the homesick woman who was alone in Qin was moved by the sight and looked forward to the early return of her stationed husband. Based on her loving relationship with her husband and her profound understanding of her husband, she expected that her husband in Yan Di would miss home when he saw Beth-like spring grass at the moment. I feel homesick when I see spring grass, so I say "Songs of the South". Recruit a hermit: "Wang Sun swims without returning, and spring grass grows!" " The first sentence translated into the language of Chu Ci is naturally seamless. The poet skillfully grasped the complex emotional activities of homesick women, revived the lovesickness between the two places with two spring scenery, and combined imagination and nostalgia with the real scene in front of him, thus creating a wonderful scene of the poem. Therefore, it not only plays the role of setting off the emotional atmosphere that ordinary sentences can play, but also conveys the sincere feelings of thinking women for their husbands and the intimate relationship between them, which is not easy for ordinary sentences to do. In addition, these two sentences also use homophonic puns. The harmony between "silk" and "thinking", and the harmony between "branch" and "knowledge" is just related to the following thinking and "heartbroken", which enhances the musical beauty and implicit beauty of the poem.
Three or four sentences directly follow the logic of Xing sentence, so I still write from two places: "And finally you want to return to China, and now my heart is breaking." Husband and spring are pregnant, which is enough to comfort people. It stands to reason that the heroine in the poem should be happy, but the next sentence is actually a "heartbreaking" acceptance, which seems to violate the psychology of ordinary people. However, if we carefully understand the above sentence, we will find that this writing further improves the feelings of expressing homesickness. Xiao Shiyun commented on Li Baiji in the Yuan Dynasty: "It is cold in the north of Yan, and the grass grows late. When Qin Dynasty was soft, mulberry was low and green, swallow grass was born, husband anxious to return was born, swallow grass was born. I think you've thought about it for a long time, but it's still green. " This comment reveals the subtle relationship between sentences and sung words. The seemingly unreasonable place in the poem is the place with the strongest feelings.
As the old saying goes, "it's easy to get annoyed when you see love, but it's easy to change when you see less love." The value of the heroine in this poem lies in the deeper feelings after separation, sparse traces but unswerving heart. The last two lines of this poem are: "Spring breeze, since I dare not know you, why should I separate the silk curtains beside my bed?" ? "The poet captured the psychological activity of the private server when the spring breeze blew into the boudoir, showing her noble sentiment of loyalty to her love. Xiao Shiyun said: "The last sentence is a metaphor for the chastity of this heart, which is not moved by external things", which is exactly what he said. From an artistic point of view, these two sentences make the passionate thinking woman speak to the ruthless spring breeze, which seems unreasonable, but they are used to express the modality of thinking woman in the specific environment where she lives alone in spring, which makes people feel true and credible. Spring breeze is provocative, the idea of spring lingers, and spring breeze is reprimand, which is why it is clear and alert. It ended just right.
Unreasonable and wonderful are common artistic features in classical poetry. It is not difficult to see from this poem of Li Bai that the so-called unreasonable and wonderful refers to the more profound expression of various complex feelings in the description that seems to be contrary to common sense and natural feelings.