Is the setting of "Gui Xi Ci" real or fictional? Mr. Qian Zhongshu said: "The preface was written in November, still in the middle of winter;" If it is a retrospective direct record, did you search for' wood is thriving' and' when everything is fine'? Is there any personnel such as' the farmer told Yu Yichun that he would have something to do with Xichou' or' helping with a stick'? It goes without saying that it is an imagination that has not returned to the past. " (See Qian Zhongshu's "Pipe Tapping" 1225 ~ 1226, Zhonghua Book Company, 1979) In this way, the first writing feature of this article is imagination. What the author writes is not the immediate scene, but the imaginary scene and the scene in his heart. So, what's the difference between writing the scene in your heart and the scene in front of you? The scene in front of you can be seen by your eyes. There are scenes before you and words behind you, which is consistent with the scene and focuses on taking pictures. The scene in your mind is the scene of creation. You can do whatever you want. When you follow your heart, there is not necessarily a scene. If you have a scene, it may not be true. It's just lyrical.
The language of this article is exquisite. Poetry is mainly composed of six sentences, including three, four, seven and eight-character sentences, which are catchy and melodious. The words "zhi", "one" and "two" in the sentence are soothing and elegant. Sometimes with overlapping words, there is a strong sense of music. For example, "the boat is swaying, the wind is fluttering and blowing clothes" and "Mu Xinxin, spring water begins to flow". Use more antithetical sentences, no matter right or wrong, they are just right. Description is combined with lyricism and discussion, sometimes writing scenery, sometimes lyricism, and sometimes discussion, which is scenic, affectionate, rational and interesting.
The last point of China people's life is that although Tao Yuanming retired to the countryside, no matter whether he did so positively or negatively, he was different from the working people after all. Whether he wrote "Returning to the Garden" or "Returning to the Garden to Xi Ci", it was actually a phenomenon of that era, and he was not the only one who retired to the countryside. However, his seclusion has created a writer and formed a literary style, which shines brilliantly in the history of China literature. Ouyang Xiu said: "Jin has no article, and Tao Yuanming's Gui Ci is just a poem." Although this statement is exaggerated, we can see its position in the history of literature.
Low article understanding
(1) Reading paragraphs 1
In feudal society, people hoped to make contributions, "help the poor" and realize the value of life, which was often closely related to their official career, but Tao Qian was unwilling to be an official. Is it bad to be an official?
Read this paragraph by name.
Thinking: What is the reason why Tao Qian resigned and returned to the team?
It is clear that "the countryside must be abandoned", "the heart must serve", "the past is not remonstrated, and the future can be pursued" and "the road is not far, and today is the mistake of yesterday".
Q: What was Tao Qian's mood at that time?
Clear: remorse ("the countryside will be destroyed"), self-regret ("the past is not remonstrated, the future can be pursued"), self-consciousness, self-awakening ("the road is not far, today is yesterday").
Obviously, the words "mind" and "obedience" in "mind serves form" here can not be simply understood as "mind" and "form", but should be deeply understood as "mind" is a beneficial personality and "form" is the author's behavior of "serving the official".
Tao Qian's mood of "doing things with heart" and "getting lost" as an official can be seen from his poems:
Q: How does Tao Qian feel by combining this poem with this passage?
Clear: despise the powerful, despise the officialdom, and yearn for the feelings of pastoral hermits.
② Read the second paragraph.
Discussion: 1, where is the sense of urgency on the way home?
2. What statements are the joy of getting home?
3. Where do you see the leisure after going home?
Qing: 1, "the boat is far away", "ask the husband", "hate the morning light", especially the word "hate", the urgency is beyond words.
2. "Welcome guests with joy" and "welcome guests with children and wait for children", you can realize that the master and servant welcome guests and the wives and concubines are happy. Especially the wife doesn't seem to come out to meet, but from the "bottle full of wine", it can be seen that the wife is more hospitable than anyone else. What a beautiful picture of family happiness!
3. "Draw a pot for your own consideration ... caress loneliness and relax" has both happiness in the room and happiness in the garden. This is the real pleasure of a hermit, similar to Liu Yuxi's "I am a humble room, but I am a virtue."
Q: What kind of hermit feelings does Tao Qian have from this passage?
Hint: I have the same mood as the following poem.
Clarity: a poem and a poem express the same state of mind, and the second is the recluse's indifferent and comfortable feelings.
3. Read the third paragraph.
"Come home to Xi" and "stop to travel", the author once again shows his strong determination to hate officialdom and remain poor and sober, which is also the third of his seclusion feelings.
Assign a group to read this paragraph aloud.
Thinking: In this passage, what can be seen from Tao Qian's pleasure of seclusion in the countryside?
Clear: (1), family anecdote-sweet talk to please relatives;
(2) The real life of playing the piano and writing a book to relieve anxiety;
(3), the joy of interacting with neighbors-tell Yu that something has happened;
(4) The fun of traveling alone in a towel cart-looking for rugged hills.
China literati wrote about labor and advocated others' labor. He was a bystander, while Tao Qian was the first labor practitioner among China literati, which was the fourth of his secluded feelings devoted to agriculture, poetry, wine and music.
(4) Read paragraph 4.
Tao Qian was the most anxious scholar in Wei and Jin Dynasties. At the end of the third paragraph, I saw two sentences-"When everything is fine, I think my life is over". What's the performance in the fourth paragraph?
Read this paragraph together.
It is clear: "When you are in the sky, why don't you let go of your heart and stay?" This kind of emotion is also proved in poetry:
Since we know that life is short, is the author still satisfied with the life of a hermit? What is the basis?
Mingming: "pregnant with the United States and Japan, I was lonely and planted rattan to help me." "Wealth is not my wish, and my hometown can't wait." Imagine your feelings of seclusion and happiness from both positive and negative aspects.
Discussion: How to correctly understand the last two sentences "Talking about riding to the end, the fate of love satirizes doubts"?
Clear: Tao Qian conforms to nature, and its fate transcends life and death. It is different from Confucianism, which is famous in the world, and from Taoism, which learns from Taoism in seeking immortality through alchemy. There is his broad-minded optimism that he is independent and detached from life and death, and there is also his thoughts and feelings that he is helpless. This is his plan to break through the darkness, and it is also a manifestation of his weakened humanity. There are Tao Qian's poems as evidence:
Fourth, summary.
Tao Qian, being an official is his original intention, disdaining officialdom is his moral integrity, indifferent ambition is his pursuit, ploughing and farming is the guarantee of his life, piano, books, poetry and wine are the interests of his life, poverty and sobriety are the consolidation of his seclusion concept, and Lotte know life is his real consciousness in life.
Reading Gui Xi Ci is a window to understand Tao Qian's reclusive feelings and China's ancient reclusive culture.
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(1) Come and go!
(2) The three paths are barren, and the pine chrysanthemum still exists.
(3) lean on the south window to send lofty sentiments and judge the knees to be comfortable.
(4) A bird can only know when it is tired of flying.
(5) Wealth is not my wish, and the land of emperors cannot be expected.
Clear: (1) Return: Literally means to return home; Emotionally, there is also a sense of rejection of officialdom. "The world is against me" is against the secular; In understanding "going home" from the narrative point of view, Tao Yuanming is establishing his own spiritual belonging, and his incompatibility with officialdom finally makes him fully understand that he belongs to nature. (2) "Three Paths Deserted" and "Pine Chrysanthemum Still Exists" made him more excited and fascinated, and the quality was clean and neat. Panasonic in front of the chrysanthemum was the habitat of his lonely and clean soul. (3) These two sentences can explain spiritual wealth and material poverty, and the overwhelming advantage of the former over the latter. (4) Being interested after leaving is a portrayal of the author's official position and resignation. "Unintentional" is not an excuse, but a reflection and remorse. "Tired flying" is certainly not physical, but psychological. How hard should an intellectual lead an honest and clean life work to resist the pollution of officialdom? He can be tireless! (5) The former confession shook Tao Yuanming's claim that he was an official to make a living, while the latter confession showed that his ideal in his youth was hit hard in reality. Tao Yuanming deeply felt that he had gained nothing from his official career, but his life was exhausted. Although rural life can comfort him, he still can't help feeling sad in the face of the rest of his life.