The second part "Wang Yong Dong Youge"
Sichuan province in the north is in chaos, like hemp, and people in the central plains have sought refuge, just like the Jin Dynasty in Yongjia.
But with Dongshan Xie Anshi, I smile at Jinghu sand for you.
The 11th Song of Wang Yong Dong Youge
I want to borrow my Lord's jade whip and sit at the banquet to direct the rebellion against the monarch.
As soon as the south wind blew, he swept away the sky, then went west to Chang 'an, and the victory went to the emperor, who worshipped him.
"Only Xie Dongshan's history tells us that the sand in Jinghu Lake is the king" ("Dong Xunge"), these poems express the poet's admiration for the ancients, and also contain the poet's desire to make contributions and positive attitude towards being an official.
There are 65,438+065,438+0 poems in Li Bai's "Wang Yong Dong Xun Ge", which is probably most directly related to the political situation at that time, and also has a very close relationship with Li Bai's later experience, so it has always been valued by critics, not to mention a few of them are also wonderful. This is the second and last song.
In the 14th year of Tianbao (AD 755), An Lushan rebelled against the Tang Dynasty in Fanyang, laid Luoyang in the following year and invaded Tongguan. The capital was shaken, and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled hastily and went straight to Sichuan. On the way, he appointed his sixteenth son, Wang Yong Li Lin, as the prefect of Jiangling, and served as our envoy on Shannan East Road, Lingnan Road, Qianzhong Road and Jiangnan West Road. In July, Prince Hengli proclaimed himself emperor in Lingwu, revered Xuanzong as Emperor from afar, and changed Yuan to virtue, and staged a farce of robbing classes and seizing power. When Lin saw this scene, he couldn't help laughing. He moved eastward with Jiangling as the guide and went straight to Jinling along the river, trying to control the rich areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and waiting for an opportunity to compete with Su Zong. At that time, Li Bai lived in seclusion in Lushan Mountain. When Lin passed Jiujiang, he valued Li Bai's talent and reputation and invited him down the mountain again and again. Li Bai didn't know the real intention, thinking it was to attack the Anshi rebellion, so he accepted the invitation and joined the shogunate of Lin.
On the way to war, Li Bai wrote 1 1 songs such as "Wang Yong Dong Xun Song" and a series of poems directly related to this expedition. This time, Li Bai entered the Yongwanglin shogunate, which is his second political career since he entered Chang 'an as an academician. But it ended in failure. Although his life in Chang 'an for several years was not achieved, he was still "repaid" by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and his reputation was not damaged. This time, it came to the end of supplementary exile, which he did not expect when he went down the mountain. Li Bai was very excited when he entered the Lin shogunate. He thought that if he could personally take part in the crusade against Anshi Rebellion this time, he would certainly make some achievements, thus realizing his long-cherished wish of serving the country for many years. However, it never occurred to him that Lin did not really want to deal with the Anshi rebellion, but wanted to take this opportunity to expand his power and not listen to the constraints of the court. The result was suspected by Su Zong, who sent heavy troops to suppress them and killed them. In February of the second year of Germany (AD 757), Lin was defeated and died, and Li Bai was also convicted and imprisoned, and was sentenced to long-term imprisonment. These poems are even more noticeable because of Li Bai's tragic political experience.
In this group of poems, the most famous is the second poem "Three Rivers in the North". At the beginning of the poem, the arrogant Anshi rebellion is likened to a mess. The rebels from the south of Yanshan Mountain are on the rampage in the Central Plains, as fierce as nobody's business. Although it looks aggressive and overbearing, Li Bai thinks it's just like ants on hot bricks. It's messy and disorganized, and there's nothing to be afraid of in essence. This obviously ironic metaphor shows Li Bai's basic judgment on the Anshi Rebellion. Sanchuan refers to Luoyang, the eastern capital, because there are three rivers passing through here: Yellow River, Luoshui and Yishui. Hokuriku refers to the Anshi Rebellion. The second sentence, "The four seas face south like Yongjia", still uses a metaphor, because history is sometimes strikingly similar. Facing the arrogance of Anshi Rebellion, the poet can't help but think of the catastrophe suffered by the Central Plains in those years. Yongjia is the title of Huaidi in the Western Jin Dynasty. In the fifth year of Yongjia (AD 3 1 1), Liu Cong, the former prime minister of Liu Cong, led an army to capture Luoyang and Jindun, and the people in the vast areas of the Central Plains immediately fell into dire straits. Countless people, married and having children, have moved south to take refuge. In Li Bai's view, they are all ethnic minorities, because Liu Cong is the Hun and An Lushan is also the semi-final of the conference. They all set out from the north and captured the capital, which also caused people to be displaced and the world was in chaos. Therefore, Li's allusion is very accurate, which clearly points out the nature and scale of the disaster, and also clearly expresses the poet's own position and love and hate. However, despite the grim situation, Li Bai expressed great confidence in victory, especially in his own ability.
"But with Dongshan Xie Anshi, I will laugh for you and laugh at Jinghu Sand." But use, as long as. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xie An was named an Shi. According to historical records, in 383 AD, Fu Jian, the former Qin Dynasty, led an invasion of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, claiming to be a million, with a huge momentum. Prime Minister Xie An was appointed as the viceroy, and he had a well-thought-out plan. He played chess by himself, but Haruki broke his sword on the water. It created a famous example in the history of China War. Talking and laughing is to be calm and fearless in times of crisis. Here, Li Bai compares his invitation to the Yongwanglin shogunate to a "comeback", and he is optimistic that his long-cherished wish of assistant minister can finally come true. In the army, he is very confident in his ability. In the poem "The Shogunate Serves the Imperial Palace in the Water Army Banquet", he once said to his classmates: "You know people in the grass, and there is Longquan (the name of the sword) at your waist. The floating clouds (the sharp and cleavable floating clouds) are making decisions, vowing to be quiet and beautiful. " Visible, he felt that as long as there was an opportunity, he would, like Xie An, "strategize and win a thousand miles", and put down the Anshi rebels in one fell swoop between waving and laughing, so he contemptuously compared the rebels to "Hu Sha", just like a monster, who was aggressive when he came, but it could not hide their cowardice, nor could it hide their cowardice. The word "quiet" shows people that after the sandstorm, the dust settles, and it will be a peaceful scene with clear skies and boundless blue seas in Wan Li. I will also become the minister of Zhongxing in the Tang Dynasty and go down in history.
This poem, playing hard to get, suppresses the former and promotes the latter. The first two sentences are extremely well written. There are many enemy troops and the situation is critical. However, in this crisis of "chaos like hemp" and "like Yongjia", the last two sentences have taken a sharp turn, and it is easy to "calm Shanghai and sand" between "talking and laughing", and it is easy to reverse Gan Kun, which sets off the poet's ambition and full of gas field. After reading it today, we all felt Li Bai's high spirits and lofty sentiments. It is not difficult to imagine how much morale this poem would boost when it was widely circulated in the shogunate and army of Yongwanglin at that time.
The artistic success of this poem has two points: one is the accurate use of allusions, the other is the appropriate metaphor and the very reasonable layout. The two allusions "Like Yongjia" and "Xie Anshi" are used in the second sentence and the third sentence respectively, while the metaphor is arranged at the end of a song.
The Anshi Rebellion was indeed worse than Yongjia's return to the south. The Yongjia Rebellion finally destroyed the country, so we can see the grim situation in the Tang Dynasty at a glance only by using the word "like Yongjia". Xie Anshi, as the most admired figure of Li Bai, is not only because of his elegance and romantic style, but also because of his general demeanor. Comparing himself to "Xie Anshi" fully shows Li Bai's good temperament and ambition. These two metaphors are arranged in the first sentence and the fourth sentence, both of which are used on rebels. When arrogant, ridicule them for "chaos" to show contempt for the enemy. Looking forward to the end of the war, I used "Hu Jingsha" again, showing a strong belief in winning. The whole poem is a classic reflecting Li Bai's character and mental outlook.
Although Li Bai was nearly sixty years old when he entered the Lin shogunate, he once again aroused his political youth, thinking that he could make great achievements and realize the ideal of "a wise man will gain something when he is in danger" in his early years. Therefore, these eleven songs "Wang Yong Dong Youge" are all written in high spirits and have no sense of old age. Among them, the eleventh song is especially full of ambition and high spirits. Because this poem is different from the previous one, it also mentions the overall situation of "Three Rivers" and "Four Seas", but the focus of this poem is only the poet himself. "Try to command Rong Lu to sit at the banquet with the king's jade whip." The jade whip is a metaphor for the power of command. Rong Lu refers to the Anshi Rebellion.
Joan's party, a good party. As soon as the poet came up, he started a casual association with his best romantic writing method and designed himself as a general in power. He not only gained full trust, but also commanded thousands of troops to fight against the enemy. But he himself did not stay on the battlefield and go forward. Instead, after arranging everything and arranging a tight encirclement for the enemy, he sat safely at the banquet and waited for the good news ahead. The last song was about "laughing", and this one is about "sitting at a banquet". In the face of such a deadly battle, Li Bai's writing is not gunpowder, which fully shows Li Bai's romantic nature. Although some people may doubt whether Li Bai can really win a war, Lin did not actually hand over the military power to him. Even, Lin didn't want to fight the Anshi Rebellion at all, but he had ulterior motives. He wants to compete with Hengli, who has become the emperor, which is doomed to his failure. But Li Bai knew nothing about it at that time. He is full of enthusiasm and ambition, planning a decisive battle with the rebels, and even looking forward to the joy of victory. However, this kind of planning and assumption has obvious "fallen immortals" color, and there is neither a desperate battle nor even the joy of "making a full face after the three armies." And it is purely an ideal blueprint for Li Bai's style. In his mind, this ideal figure is Xie Anshi, a famous Eastern Jin star whom he admires most. At present, Xie Xuan and others were ordered to play chess with Fu Jian at the foot of the water, and he himself received visitors to play chess all day in the rear, until the battle report came in front, and he was still playing chess on the spot, hand-to-hand combat, and others asked him about his situation. What Li Bai admires most is Xie An's scholar style, which is confident, has a good chance of winning, is invisible in anger and has infinite charm. Now, of course, I can't help myself. Even the whip is "jade" and the banquet is "Joan". Everything is full of poetry and romance. Perhaps this is just Li Bai's wishful thinking, but we appreciate Li Bai's Journey to Wang Yongyong, not to examine whether he has military talent or whether his ideas are realistic, but to approach the genius in the history of China's poetry and experience his inner world when he is really likely to face a battle concerning the fate of the country. We are delighted to find that no matter when and where, although he suffered a political blow; Regardless of his age, he is already 5067 years old. As long as he meets the opportunity, he will really jump up, forget everything about himself and devote himself wholeheartedly. I'm afraid even today, we have to admire this.
The last two sentences of the poem are "The south wind swept away and went west to Chang 'an to Japan. "At that time, Lin's army was in the south, so the south wind was used as a metaphor. Of course, Chen Hu still refers to the Anshi Rebellion, the Japanese side and the emperor side. From beginning to end, Li Bai's Song of Dong is full of contempt for the enemy and strong self-confidence. This breakdown of self-confidence includes two aspects, that is, I believe that Lin's army will play an easy role in the counter-insurgency war, and I believe that I will show my talents in this storm. In his mind, the actions of Yongwanglin's army are like autumn wind sweeping leaves. In the blink of an eye, it wiped out the "Chen Hu" that looked domineering. After completing the great cause of saving the Tang Dynasty from danger, he followed Yongwanglin to Chang 'an to report the emperor's good news and offer prisoners. The poem "Westbound Chang 'an to Japan" clearly shows Li Bai's support for the imperial court, because at this time Li Bai thought that the purpose of Lin's action was to suppress rebellion, to "calm the sandstorm" and "sweep away the dust", so Li Bai showed such enthusiasm and upward mentality. Unfortunately, he was so naive in politics that he became a victim of the power struggle of the imperial court. After Lin was defeated and killed, he was sentenced to long-term imprisonment. However, this unfortunate ending will not belittle the poet's lofty spirit and patriotic enthusiasm when he resolutely joined the army, served the country and became old and strengthened himself. Therefore, Li Bai's entry into the Wang Yong shogunate was not regarded as a stain on his life, but he was more fond of his sincerity and romance, and these eleven Wandering Songs of Wang Yongdong became one of the most representative works of Li Bai's poems.