The cold autumn wind blew, and Ye Er in the tree began to whisper. Suddenly, a yellow leaf rose into the air and turned into a golden butterfly, dancing in the beautiful sunshine. Spinning and flying ... she tried to outline the end of life. She is a dancer of the soul and dances very well. Approached, only to find that she is not perfect, there are many black cracks. I can't help but respect: not only because she bravely endured the cruel destruction of storms in the past, but also because she bravely faces the end of death now. "No matter how high the sky is, stand on tiptoe and get closer to the sun!" I heard it. She seemed to be saying.
2. All the structures of quatrains and other ancient poems are classified in detail in China 1. According to rhythm, poetry can be divided into classical poetry and modern poetry.
Classical poetry and modern poetry are concepts formed in the Tang Dynasty, which are divided from the perspective of poetic rhythm. (1) Classical poetry: including ancient poetry (poems before the Tang Dynasty), songs of Chu and Yuefu poems.
Poems in ancient poetry genres such as Song, Gexing, Quotations, Qu and Ling are also ancient poems. Classical poetry does not talk about antithesis and rhymes freely.
The development track of classical poetry: The Book of Songs → Chu Ci → Han Fu → Han Yuefu → Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties Folk Songs → Jian 'an Poetry → Tao Poetry and other literati five-character poems → Tang Dynasty Ancient Style New Yuefu. ① Chuci: a form of poetry created by Qu Yuan during the Warring States Period, characterized by the use of dialect and phonology of Chuci, with strong Chu color.
There are seventeen volumes of Chu Ci edited by Liu Xiang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, mainly the works of Qu Yuan, and Qu Yuan's works take Li Sao as his masterpiece, so later generations also call it "Chu Ci Style" and "Sao Style". ② Yuefu: It was originally the official name in charge of music in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and later became a poetic name.
Music songs collected and created by Yuefu officials in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties are called Yuefu for short. Poems written by poets in Wei, Jin, Tang and beyond are quasi-Yuefu, which makes them quasi-Yuefu and quasi-Yuefu, although they are not enjoyable.
Such as Chile Song, Mulan Poetry and Short Song (Cao Cao). Generally speaking, the titles of Yuefu poems are songs, lines, quotations, songs, songs and so on.
(3) Gexing style: it is a variant of Yuefu poetry. After the Han and Wei Dynasties, there were quite a few Yuefu poems with the theme of "Song" and "Xing". Although the names are different, there is no strict difference between them. They all mean "Song". Their syllables and meter are generally free, and the form is the archaic form of five words, seven words and miscellaneous words, which is full of changes. Later, they had the style of "Gexing".
In the Tang Dynasty, poets in the early Tang Dynasty created Yuefu poems, in addition to following the old themes of Yuefu in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, a few poets also created new themes. Although it was renamed Yuefu, it was not limited to temperament, so it was called New Yuefu. This kind of poetry has been greatly developed by Li Bai and Du Fu.
For example, Du Fu's "Sad Chen Tao", "Mourning for the Head" and "One Car Paves Two Roads", as well as many of Bai Juyi's works, appear in the form of Yuefu songs, mostly mixed in a few words. (2) Modern poetry: Compared with classical poetry, modern poetry is also called modern poetry, which is a kind of metrical poetry formed in the Tang Dynasty. There are two kinds, and there are strict rules on the number of words, sentences, level tones and rhymes.
(1) a "quatrains", each sentence four sentences, referred to as five words, referred to as seven words. (2) One kind is called "metrical poem", each poem has eight sentences, five characters are abbreviated as five laws, seven characters are abbreviated as seven laws, and more than eight sentences are called excluded laws (or long laws).
The rhythm is very strict. There are definite sentences (except arrangement), definite characters in sentences, definite rhymes (definite rhymes), definite tones (definite tones of each word in the poem) and definite couplets (the two rhymes in the middle must be aligned). For example, verse poems originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and matured in the early Tang Dynasty. Each poem has four quadruples and eight sentences, and each sentence must have the same number of words, which can be four rhymes or five rhymes. The two couplets in the middle must face each other. Two, four, six and eight sentences rhyme, and the first sentence can be put or not.
If the arrangement is extended to more than ten sentences on the basis of fixed rhythm, it is called arrangement. In addition to the antithesis of the first and last couplets, there are also antitheses, which are called "model pairs". For another example, quatrains are just antithetical sentences of two or four sentences, also known as quatrains, broken sentences and broken sentences, which have certain requirements for parallelism, rhyme and duality.
(3) Ci: also known as Yu Shi, long and short sentences, Qu Zi, Qu Zi Ci, Yuefu, etc. Its characteristics: the tone has a fixed frame, the sentence has a fixed number and the word has a fixed tone.
The number of words can be divided into long tune (above 9 1 word), middle tune (59-90 words) and minor tune (below 58 words). Words can be divided into monosyllabic and disyllabic, and disyllabic is divided into two paragraphs, in which the level and number of words are equal or roughly equal, and monosyllabic is only one paragraph.
A word is called a paragraph, the first paragraph is called money, business and fashion, and the second paragraph is called Hou, Xia and Xia. (4) Qu: also known as Yuefu.
Yuanqu includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu rose in the Jin Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty, and its style was similar to that of Ci.
Features: the number of words can be added with interlining, and more oral English is used. Sanqu includes poems and songs.
The number of songs is a coherent set of songs, ranging from two to dozens. Each group number takes the song of the first song as the name of the whole set of songs, and the whole set of songs must be in the same palace tune.
It has no guests, but only oratorios. 2. According to the content, it can be divided into narrative poems, lyric poems, farewell poems, frontier poems, pastoral poems, nostalgic poems (poems about history), mourning poems and satirical poems.
(1) nostalgic poems. Generally, I miss people and things in ancient times.
Poetry about history often distorts historical facts and reality, or regrets personal experience or criticizes social reality. For example, Su Shi's "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia" expresses his personal experience, the contradiction between ideal and reality, and has achieved nothing for more than half a year.
Xin Qiji's Ode to Yule, Jingkou Gu Beiting and Nostalgia expressed his dissatisfaction with the imperial court's drag out an ignoble existence and attacked the social reality. There are also poems about history, which only reflect and evaluate history calmly and rationally, or just describe it objectively. The poet's own experience is not among them, and the poet's feelings are just the sound outside the painting.
For example, Liu Yuxi's "Wu Yi Xiang" expresses the poet's sense of historical vicissitudes by comparing the past and the present. (2) poetry.
Characteristics of object-chanting poems: the content takes a certain object as the description object, and describes it by grasping some of its characteristics. Ideologically, it is often to express one's wishes.
From things to people, from reality to nothingness, write spiritual character. Commonly used metaphor, symbol, personification and contrast.
(3) Landscape pastoral poetry. Xie Lingyun in the Southern Dynasty created landscape poetry, Tao Yuanming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty created pastoral poetry, and in the Tang Dynasty, the school of landscape pastoral poetry represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran appeared.
Landscape pastoral poetry is good at describing natural scenery, pastoral scenery and comfortable seclusion life, with meaningful and beautiful poetic landscape, quiet and elegant style and clear and elegant language. (4) War poems.
Poems about frontier fortress and war have existed since the pre-Qin period and developed into the Tang Dynasty. Because wars are still frequent, rulers attach more importance to martial arts than literature, and it is easier for scholars to win reputation by inviting frontier courts than by passing imperial examinations. In addition, in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, frontier poems with magnificent feelings were greatly developed, forming a new school of poetry, with representatives such as Gao Shi, Cen Can and Wang Changling. (5) Travel poems and in my heart forever's poems.
The ancients left home for a long time, drifted for a long time, or guarded the border for a long time, which always caused strong homesickness.
3. What poems describe "layout"? 1. The divided Three Kingdoms are bound by his greatness, and the Eight Faces Castle is built on his reputation. -Du Fu's Eight Arrays
Interpretation: You have made great achievements in the Three Kingdoms, created an eight-array map, and achieved permanent fame.
2. Hundreds of people, both sides of the Taiwan Strait; After that, those who galloped and split into five formations and rode flags, javelins and knives on the water were all on the ground. -Be careful of "watching the tide"
Interpretation: Hundreds of warships are on both sides of the Taiwan Strait; Soon, the warships of the water army practiced five formations, suddenly flying, suddenly leaping, suddenly separating, suddenly merging and making various changes. At the same time, there are people riding horses, dancing flags, raising guns and wielding knives on the water, as if stepping on the flat ground.
3. Fuck the rhinoceros picking up Wu Kexi, the car is wrong. -Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs, National Funeral"
Interpretation: Fighting in hand, wearing rhinoceros leather armor, criss-crossing chariots, wielding swords and beheading generals.
4. The generals are divided into tigers and bamboos, and the soldiers are divided into Wolongsha. -Li Bai's Six Poems of Xia Sai
The general was ordered to send troops, and the soldiers marched to the Great Wall and temporarily camped in Longsha area.
5. The stone road on the edge of the wild goose, flying over the eaves and walking on the wall. -Bao Zhao's "From the North Gate of Jibei"
Interpretation: the army marched along the stone road, flying like geese in formation; The soldiers crossed the bridge in turn and swam like fish.
6. The stars and the moon open the sky array and the mountains and rivers camp. -Chen Ziang's "And Liu Mingfu gave the general a refill"
Interpretation: Arrays are arranged according to the stars and the moon, and camps are arranged according to the conditions of mountains and rivers.
Li Guang had never been a soldier before, but Wei Qing refused to learn from Sun Wu. -Gao Shi "Send Xiongnu General to Shanzhai"
Interpretation: I like Li Guang, and I like Huo Qubing in planning strategy. Although I don't learn Sun Tzu's Art of War or Wuqi, it is handled properly and the music is wonderful.
8. Push the hub out of the fierce, even the flag on the battlefield. -Li Bai's "Self-help to the North Gate"
Commentary: When the general went out to crusade against the Hu people, the king personally pushed the cart for him and solemnly told him to give him full command of the battle.
9. North of Yanmen, pterosaurs are in the south of the city. -Lu's "The Battle of the South"
Interpretation: The two armies fought in the north of Yanmenguan, and our army and the enemy ambushed in the south of the city.
10. Lie down at the foot of Chishan and camp beside the sub-tournament. -Li Bai's "Self-help to the North Gate"
Interpretation: Set up an array in An Bing, Chishan, and camp in Zisai near the Great Wall.
4. About the sentence structure of a sentence ~ Waterway instead of "Gao" is originally a sentence, and the formal noun "こと" is added to express it. も is a suggestive particle. However, hint particles can't express the relationship between body language and body language, so I think we should add a word "がぃこととも〒がります〒〒〒" here. The sentence should be like this.
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Waterway, not "Gao", is the attributive of the modifier system. The first half of this sentence, "It has something to do with the rising water charges", should be omitted. Therefore, も can be regarded as the usage of の here, such as Mr. Fang, whose popularity is very high.
Pheasant system is the theme. Because of the nominative auxiliary! ぁります is a predicate, which you already know.
Generally speaking, this sentence is the subject of that?is, ぁります is the predicate, and it is an attribute to modify the subject until も.
I don't know. Are you satisfied with this?