I am old and sick, and I am alone with my boat.
Climbing Yueyang Tower
Du Fu
I've always heard that Dongting Lake,
Now I finally climbed the tower.
My east is Wu, and my south is Chu.
Gankun drifted day and night for 2 days.
But my relatives and friends didn't give me news,
I am old and sick, and I am alone with my boat.
Ma Rong 3 Guanshanbei 4,
I shed tears on the porch.
1. Yueyang Tower: In Yueyang City, Hunan Province, near Dongting Lake.
2. Previous news: I have only heard of it before.
3. Wu Chu: The names of two countries in the Spring and Autumn Period, located in the areas of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Teal: It's cracked. The vast Wu Chu is separated by Dongting Lake.
4. Gan Kun: Heaven and Earth. Tianshui is connected, as if the whole world is floating on the boundless lake day and night.
5. Old illness: Du Fu is 57 years old and suffers from various diseases. There is a lone boat: it is uncertain that there is only one leaf falling. The poet spent his old age on a boat. This sentence is about Du Fu's life.
6. Military: War. In autumn and winter this year, Tubo once again invaded Longyou and Guanzhong areas.
7. lean on the porch: lean on the railing of the building. Tears flow: tears can't help flowing.
In the winter of the third year of Dali (768), Du Fu drifted all the way from Jiangling and Gongan to Yueyang and boarded the Yueyang Tower, which he had been longing for for for for a long time. Facing the vast and magnificent Dongting Lake, the poet sincerely admired it. Then I feel sad when I think that I am still wandering outside in my later years and the country is troubled. Generally speaking, the grandeur of mountains and rivers is quite different from the grandeur of the poet's mind, so he is sad but not depressed, depressed but not depressed.
The first half of the poem praises the magnificence of Dongting Lake, which is a famous sentence written on Dongting Lake from ancient times to the present, and is read by people together with the famous sentence in Meng Haoran's Dongting Lake for Prime Minister Zhang. The second half is lyrical. The whole poem is rich in artistic conception and magnificent. Although sad, there is no sense of decadence. Tangzi Xiwenlu: "When you pass Yueyang Tower, you can see Du Zimei's poems, but they are more than 40 words, which are magnificent and far-reaching. They almost compete with Dongting Lake, and the so-called rich people are full of words. " Tiaoxi Yuyuan Conghua quoted Xiqing's poem as saying, "The spectacular Dongting is well known all over the world, because there are many poets and writers in past dynasties ... However, if it weren't for Meng Haoran's" Yun Qi fog came and besieged Yueyang City ",Dongting would be as endless as it is now, with a myriad of weather. It is impossible to read Du Zimei's poems. " There is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, and you can see the endless drifting of heaven and earth.' Shaoling has swallowed many dreams.
Brief analysis
In the spring of the third year of Dali (768), Du Fu went out of Kuizhou gorge and drifted to Jiangling, Gongan and other places because of the chaos of war. This winter, Du Fu went to Yueyang from the police. This poem was written after boarding Yueyang Tower. The poet wrote the extraordinary momentum of Wang Yang in Dongting Lake, which also touched the scene and hurt him, and wrote his own bleak and lonely life, which reflected the poet's anxiety and concern about the current situation. The rhyme of the whole poem is accurate, and it is set off before and after, which is seamless.
Deng's Translation of Yueyang Tower
Dongting Lake, which has heard so much about it for a long time, finally arrived at Yueyang Tower today.
I heard that Dongting Lake is magnificent before, but today's wish has finally reached Yueyang Tower.
The vast and spectacular Great Lakes divide Wu Chu into two southeast regions, where the sun, moon, stars and the earth float day and night.
The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water.
No news from relatives or friends. I am old and sick, and I am wandering alone.
There is no news from my friends or relatives. I am old and sick, drifting in a boat.
In the third year of Dali (768), Du Fu went out to roam the two lakes. This poem is a masterpiece of climbing Yueyang Tower to see the hometown and touching the scenery. I heard that Dongting was famous. However, it was not until the curtain call that I realized my wish to see the famous lake. On the surface, climbing Yueyang Tower for the first time was quite enjoyable. In fact, my original intention was to express my unfulfilled ambition in my early days. Couplets are the vastness of Dongting. Sanlian wrote about the bumpy political life, wandering around the world and the feeling of incompetence. At the end of the couplet, I wrote that I saw the country's turmoil and there was no way to serve the country. Although the scenery is only two sentences, it shows exquisite skills. Although the lyrics are desolate and lonely, they are naturally effortless.
The northern border war broke out again, and I leaned against the window and burst into tears.
The battle of the north gate began again, and I cried through the railing.
background introduction
. In the third year of Tang Daizong Dali (768), Du Fu went out to visit two lakes. This poem was written by a poet who climbed Yueyang Tower and looked at his hometown. At the age of 57, he was only two years away from the end of his life. He suffers from lung disease and rheumatism, his left arm is shriveled, his right ear is deaf, and he lives by drinking medicine.
Second, poetry appreciation.
The head-to-head connection is intertwined with reality, comparing the past and the present, thus expanding the space-time field. I have long heard that Dongting is famous, and it was not until the curtain year that I realized my wish to see a famous lake. On the surface, climbing Yueyang Tower for the first time was quite enjoyable. In fact, my original intention was to express my unfulfilled ambition in my early days. In the final analysis, it is to describe the brewing atmosphere of Dongting Lake.
Zhuan Xu is a vast Dongting. Dongting Lake is full of Wu Chu, the sun and the moon are floating, and the waves lift the sky and are boundless. I don't know how many clouds the old man swallowed in his chest! This is a quatrain about Dongting Lake, which was praised by Wang Shizhen as "a hero spanning the present". The scenery is so magnificent that it is dizzying.
The neck couplet is about the feeling that political life is bumpy, wandering around the world and powerless. "But no news of relatives or friends reached me" didn't get any help in spirit and material aspects; Since Kuizhou took his wife and children out of the gorge by boat in the first month of the third year of Dali, he roamed Hunan, taking the boat as his home, and the future was boundless, where to settle down. Facing Wang Yang in Dongting Lake, his sense of loneliness and crisis has increased. Self-narration is so lonely that it contains infinite affection in the sudden change and contrast of the extremely stuffy poetic realm.
At the end of the couplet, I wrote the sadness of seeing the country in turmoil and not being able to serve the country. There is a blank between the upper and lower sentences, which is memorable. The "past" beginning with "I have heard of Dongting Lake for a long time" can certainly cover the poet's activities in Chang 'an area for more than ten years. And this, in space, can be compared with "Guanshanbei". You Xuan and Today echoed from beginning to end.
Third, summary.
The whole poem is "Climbing Yueyang Tower", but it is not limited to "Yueyang Tower" and "Dongting Water". The poet abandons the exquisite description of the scenery in front of him, and focuses on writing from the big picture, calling for heaven and grabbing land, worrying about the country and the people, tragic and desolate, which makes people cry. Looking back in time, it covers Wu Chu and Yueguan Mountain in space. The worries of the world and the country are vast and boundless, and they are integrated with the water potential in Dongting, forming a profound artistic conception.
translate
I have heard of the world-famous Dongting Lake, and today I was lucky enough to climb Yueyang Tower by the lake.
The colossus of the Great Lakes separates the southeast of Wu Chu, and the elephant of heaven and earth floats on the lake day and night.
Wandering relatives and friends don't say a word, and the old and weak live in this lonely boat.
The bonfire in the north of Guanshan has not stopped, and I am looking out the window at my home country with tears.
interconnection
(A) write beautiful sentences of Dongting Lake
1 Liu Changqing: "The waves are floating, and there is no sun in the middle."
Monk Keming said, "The water culvert has a wide sky shadow, and the mountains are high and the terrain is high."
3 Xu Wenhua: "Looking around for doubts, there is no land, and there are mountains in the middle."
Meng Haoran: "Clouds are foggy and trapped in Yueyang City."
(2) the name of Yueyang Tower:
1 He Qi on the first floor? Du Shaoling's five-word swan song, Fan's two sentences are related to love, Teng's Everything is Prosperous, and Lv Chunyang will be drunk after three passes: Poetry? Ruye? Official? Ye Xian? Where were those lost times before me? , make me cry!
Gentlemen, try it: Xiaoxiang at the south pole of Dongting Lake, Wuxia in the north of the Yangtze River, refreshing in Baling Mountain West, and Jiang Yan in the east of Yuezhou City: reservoir, wanderer, owner and town. There is a real meaning in this. Who can read it?
2 Be happy first and then worry, and fan Wen Xi knows a little; Yesterday, I heard that today, Du Shaoling can talk in poetry.
3 Dongting is 800 miles west; The first floor of Huaihai Nanlai.
4 rivers and mountains on all sides return to the fundus; There is a skeleton in the cupboard.
5 If you can't put down Gan Kun in front of you, why not put the wine on the ground; Only by swallowing the clouds and dreams in your chest can you recite poems to the gods.
Notes on the title or background of a book.
This five-character poem was written one year before the poet's death, that is, the third year of Tang Daizong Dali (768). At that time, Du Fu drifted from Jiangling and Gongan to Yuezhou (now Hunan). Boarding the long-awaited Yueyang Tower, overlooking from the porch, facing the vast and magnificent Dongting Lake, the poet sincerely admired; Then I thought that I was wandering in my later years, and the country was full of disasters. I couldn't help feeling a lot, so I wrote this famous article with lofty mind and great pain. Yueyang Tower, the west gate of Yueyang City, Hunan Province, is one of the three famous buildings in China (the other two are Yellow Crane Tower and Pianque Tower). You can see a broad view from Dongting Lake. In the fourth year of Tang Kaiyuan, Zhang Shuo, secretary of the Secretariat of the Central Committee, worked in this state and often went to the building with talented people to compose poems, which made it famous and became a world-famous cultural building.
Sentence solution
I heard that Dongting Lake is magnificent before, but today's wish has finally reached Yueyang Tower.
I heard that Dongting Lake is famous for its vast water potential. Today, I climbed Yueyang Tower by the lake and plunged into the mountains. The first couplet uses the words "past" and "present" to start thinking, which opens the curtain of time and lays the foundation for the great momentum of the whole poem. When Du Fu was young, he had the ambition to visit famous mountains and rivers. He traveled to wuyue in the east and Zhao in the north. Yueyang Tower is a historical site, and the poet has long dreamed of a complete tour, but the war is frequent and his life experience is wandering, which is difficult to achieve. Only by living here today can I feast my eyes.
The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water.
I saw that wuyue was divided into southeast by a vast lake; On the vast lake, the earth floats day and night. Zhuan Xu wrote about the boundless majestic momentum, broad artistic conception and magnificent scenery of Dongting Lake. The word "floating day and floating night" is deep and full of feelings in the scenery, implying his long-term wandering feelings. Liu Chenweng in the Song Dynasty said that this couplet "has a hundred generations of pressure and is a unique expression of five characters". "Wu Chu", the Kingdom of Wu and the State of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Today, parts of Hubei, Hunan, Anhui and Jiangxi belong to the State of Chu. Today, parts of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Jiangxi belonged to Wu in ancient times. Hey, Split.
There is no news from my friends or relatives. I am old and sick, drifting in a boat.
My friends and relatives have never sent me a word. I am old and ill, and I only live in a small boat. The poet of the Necklace League is old and sick, taking the boat as his home, far away from relatives and friends, and living abroad. His desolation, grief and resentment are self-evident. "Old disease", Du Fu is 57 years old, and his family lives in a boat and wanders around. At this time, he was weak-his right arm was shriveled, his ears were deaf, and he also suffered from chronic lung disease.
The battle of the north gate began again, and I cried through the railing.
Standing on Yueyang Tower, overlooking the north of Guanshan, it is still a mess and war. Leaning against the window porch, thinking about my motherland, I couldn't help crying. Poets link personal destiny with the future of the country in couplets, which have far-reaching artistic conception and endless aftertaste. "Military horse", military forces, here refers to the war. In the autumn of the third year of Dali (768), Tubo invaded Lingwu and the capital was under martial law; The court ordered Guo Ziyi to lead 50,000 troops to Fengtian to prepare for Tubo.
Comments and explanations
This poem is the masterpiece of the five laws in Du Fu's poems, and it was called the first of the five laws in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. On the whole, the grandeur of mountains and rivers and the breadth of the poet's mind are both inside and outside the poem. Although sad, but not depressed; Although depressed, but not depressed. In the Song Dynasty, Hu Zai's Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua quoted Cai Taiwa's Xiqing Poetry as saying: "Dongting is a grand view, and there are many people who wrote it in the past dynasties ... However, if Meng Haoran's" a cloud rises from a dream valley and has been besieging Yueyang City "is not true, the Dongting is vast and the weather is magnificent, just like in front of him. It is impossible to read Du Zimei's poems. There is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, and you can see the endless drifting of heaven and earth.' Shaoling has swallowed many clouds and dreams in his chest. "
The whole poem is pure fu, and the narrative style is from beginning to end. In the past, some scholars thought that poetry used fu method, which had no image and poetic flavor. In fact, Fu method is an important way to visualize poetry, which is characterized by not paying attention to the language of poetry and the visualization of local things, but paying attention to creating the overall artistic conception of poetry. "The Story of Climbing Yueyang Tower" is a model of creating artistic images by using fu method. The artistic realm it has reached has made people feel that there is no artistic method or even language, but the poet's thoughts and feelings directly hit the soul.