Original text:
Jiangning’s Longpan, Suzhou’s Dengwei, and Hangzhou’s Xixi all produce plum blossoms. Or say:? Plum blossoms are beautiful when they are curved, but they are shapeless when they are straight; they are beautiful when they are straight, but they have no scenery when they are straight; they are beautiful when they are sparse, but they are shapeless when they are dense. ?Solid. These literati and painters know what they mean, but they cannot issue an edict to rope all the plum blossoms in the world; nor can they ask the people of the world to cut straight, delete secrets, hoe straight, and use young and sick plums as a business in order to earn money. . The song of plum blossoms and sparseness is not something that stupid people seeking money can do with their intelligence. There are those who use the idiosyncratic habit of literati and painters to express their opinions on plum blossoms, pruning their straight branches, nurturing their side branches, pruning their dense branches, hoeing their young branches, hoing their straight branches, suppressing their vitality, in order to obtain a high price. However, the plum blossoms in Jiangsu and Zhejiang All are sick. Such is the severity of the calamity that befell the literati and painters!
I bought three hundred pots, all of them were sick, and none of them was finished. After crying for three days, he vowed to cure him: let him go, destroy his basin, bury everything in the ground, and untie his brown bonds; after five years, he would be healed. I am not a scholar or painter, but I am willing to accept criticism and find a place for diseased plum blossoms to be stored.
Woohoo! I am able to give you more free days and more free fields, so I can store diseased plums in Jiangning, Hangzhou and Suzhou, so I don’t have enough time to cure them! Appreciation 1:
"Bing Mei Guan Ji" was written in 1839 (according to Wu Changshou's "Ding'an Chronicle", it was the 19th year of Daoguang). This is a prose written by the author when he returned to his hometown of Hangzhou to name his new plum garden "Sick Plum Garden". The title is also called "The Theory of Healing Plum Blossoms".
From the literal point of view of the title, the writing object is "plum blossoms", and the focus of writing is on the word "disease", which is very eye-catching and makes readers think deeply. The title of the article shows that the author's "singing and crying without reason" is true, and he writes with a clear purpose and feelings. "Jiu" is a type of narrative style, which shows the authenticity of the content written in this article. Judging from the connotation of the article, it expresses ambitions based on objects and discusses politics with plum blossoms. It ruthlessly exposes and criticizes the decadence, darkness and vulgarity of feudal rule, and truly reflects the progressive thoughts that pursue individual liberation and demand change. It is A very exciting essay with the phrase "hot and sour" in it.
The full text consists of three paragraphs. The first paragraph analyzes the root causes of diseased plum blossoms. The second paragraph expresses his actions and determination to treat plum blossoms. The third paragraph describes his painstaking efforts in opening a museum to treat plum blossoms.
The title begins with the origin of plum blossoms, listing Longpan in Jiangning, Deng Wei in Suzhou, and Xixi in Hangzhou, all of which are famous for their plum blossoms, and introduces the object of discussion. In the national cultural tradition of our country, natural things such as green pines, green bamboos, white plums, and yellow chrysanthemums have always been used as metaphors for people with lofty ideals and benevolence. Noble character. Naturally, plum blossoms are used here to describe people and objects to express ambitions. The metaphor is profound, full of charm and emotion. "All produce plums", the word "all produce plums" not only refers to the wide distribution of plums, but also refers to the many places where plums are produced. It implies that there are countless talents in the world, especially in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. For the following, "All plums in Jiangsu and Zhejiang are sick?" One stroke. Here, the author mobilizes readers' artistic perception to recall this Midas touch. Lu Shuyuan said this in the article "Writers' Artistic Perception and Psychological Setup": Excellent works seem to contain endless connotations and emotions between the lines. A word is an image, and a sentence is an image. A paragraph is a kind of artistic conception. The writer seems to have condensed all the relevant experiences, moods, thoughts and tastes in life into the work. Such works are intoxicating and endlessly memorable. ?The beginning of this article puts the reader into a plum forest, which contains the implication that talented people have emerged from generation to generation. First, writing about the origin of plum blossoms also lays the foundation for the discussion of the full text. The following section will clearly analyze the causes of disease symptoms from three aspects. First, some people appreciate plums with outdated aesthetic tastes and concepts of plum appreciation. These people believe that plum blossoms are beautiful when they are curved, beautiful when they are straight, and beautiful when they are sparse, while straight ones have no appearance, regular ones have no scenery, and dense ones have no form. They use their likes and dislikes as the standard for quality plum blossoms. Here, six adjectives with opposite meanings are used here: "qu" and "zhen", "欹" and "zheng", "sparse" and "mi" to accurately, concisely and contrastingly display two completely different aesthetics: Qu , sparse and sparse are beautiful, straight, upright and dense are ugly. This is obviously Tomei writing about people, alluding to the feudal ruling class's standards for selecting talents. In order to maintain their feudal autocracy, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty implemented harsh ideological rule, killing upright, loyal, and energetic talents, and suppressing people to become crooked, evil, cowardly, and submissive mediocrity and slaves. The author profoundly reveals the dark social reality that causes disease. Second, literati and painters regard young and diseased plums based on the above-mentioned viewpoint of appreciating plum blossoms. The article writes that these feudal literati and painters knew the meaning of the imperial edict, but they could not clearly understand the edict. It shows that they have shady intentions and ulterior motives. ?Take the plum blossoms in the world? This is their original intention. They just want to use the straight, straight, decrypted, and hoeed plum blossoms as the standard to achieve their evil purpose of destroying young plum blossoms and sick plum blossoms. In a few words, he sternly exposed and criticized the bad intentions and evil intentions of the literati and painters. The literati and painters here represent the feudal rulers of the Qing Dynasty. They created a literary inquisition. Even the poem "Qingfeng is illiterate, why do you read the book randomly?" will lead to disaster; they used eight-legged prose to recruit scholars, and the world appeared. Thousands of horses are silent? , a suffocating silence. With each word and arrow, he repeatedly exposed the social causes of the disease, and also vividly portrayed the ferocious face of the feudal ruling class in destroying talents.
Regarding the sin of the feudal ruling class that stifled talents, the author also wrote this: When talented people come out with talented people, they will not be restrained by the talented governors, and they will be killed (l? Same? Killed?), and their hearts will be killed. , Can he be worried, angry, thoughtful, action-minded, honest and shameless, and free of scum? ("Proposal 9 for the occasion of Yi and C"). As long as there are talented scholars or people, the accomplices of the feudal ruling class will gather to supervise, restrain, and even destroy and strangle them. This is the specific content of "cutting out the righteousness, deleting the secrets, hoeing the straightness, and removing the old plum blossoms and sick plum blossoms". The author's great sadness and indignation is hidden between the lines at this level. The third is the despicable behavior of some people who help others do evil. This was done by accomplices. To cultivate plum blossoms that are slanted, sparse and curved is not something that ordinary stupid people who only know how to make money can do with their own wisdom and ability. Therefore, out of the idiosyncrasy of a literati and painter, he explicitly warned Plum Blossoms Forcibly cut off the branches, cultivate the side branches, delete the dense branches, kill the young branches, hoe the straight branches, and suppress the anger. Here, six verb-object phrases are used in succession, revealing that the accomplices of the feudal rulers follow the trend, cater to their masters' intentions, and do their best to stifle talents. They adopt various despicable methods to destroy talents, exclude upright people, and cut off A large number of useful talents can suppress new forces, clean up the honest and loyal, hinder the vigorous vitality, and support the treacherous and evil villains. The six verbs are used very accurately: the word "斫" reveals their brutal rejection of upright and honest talents, the word "delete" metaphors that a large number of useful talents have been severely suppressed, the word "夭" symbolizes the strangulation of new forces, and the word "hoe" metaphors A large number of upright and loyal people were purged. The word "restraint" refers to the brutal suppression and suppression of the vigorous vitality of talents; while the word "yang" vividly outlines the evil intentions of the feudal ruling class in supporting and supporting treacherous villains. Thus, he strongly condemned and criticized the crimes of feudal rulers who destroyed and stole talents. "The plum blossoms in Jiangsu and Zhejiang are all sick. It is the consequence of such evil acts as cutting, deleting, hoeing and curbing." At the beginning of this anaphora, "the plum blossoms in Jiangsu and Zhejiang" summarizes the literary meaning that "Longpan in Jiangning, Deng Wei in Suzhou, and Xixi in Hangzhou all produce plum blossoms"; "all are sick" points out that the affected areas are extremely wide and there are many plum blossom diseases. ──This is the consequences of killing literati and painters. So the pen pointed directly at the literati and painters: ?The disasters caused by the literati and painters are so severe?!?The disasters? The fierceness? Summarizes the misery of talents. "The plum blossoms in Jiangsu and Zhejiang are all sick, and the disease is so severe." This is exactly what the author wrote in "Jihai Miscellaneous Poems": "It is sad to see thousands of horses quivering together." The Qing Dynasty stifled talents, and there was a lifeless situation everywhere. With a sigh at the end of the paragraph, the author is infinitely sympathetic and full of indignation, and mercilessly denounces the evil behavior of the feudal ruling class.
After the first paragraph reveals the social origin of plum disease, the second paragraph writes about my experience and expectations of treating plum disease. "I bought three hundred pots, but all of them are sick." Follow the above. "All the plum blossoms in Jiangsu and Zhejiang are sick." The emotion was overflowing, bursting out, stirring the intestines, and naturally led to "Three Days of Weeping". Weeping over sick plum blossoms is exactly the same as lamenting over the brutal strangulation of talents. The tearful language and the sentiment of sympathy and anger make the readers have a clear understanding and arouse the excitement. The author overlooks the social reality of the disease and has an insight into the social root causes of the disease. He is not negative or depressed, but buys three hundred pots and vows to cure it. What a bold action and positive attitude. The language is so profound. The method of treating plum blossoms is to let them grow softly, destroy their pots, and bury them in the ground to untie their branches. "Long Zhi Zhi Zhi" means to break the shackles of feudal rule on talents, allowing talents to develop freely and liberate their personalities. To "destroy its basin" and "untie its shackles" is to destroy the spiritual shackles of feudal rule that imprison talents. The most important thing is to allow talents to use their intelligence and talents, so that all kinds of talents can make full use of their talents. This reveals the author's desire to emancipate individuality and promote talent in an eclectic way. The author "Li Mei"'s description tortuously reflects his indignation against cruel rule, his urgency for reform, and his strong desire for personal liberation. Judging from the choice of words and sentences, the sentence structure is short, the rhythm is rapid, and the writing is vigorous, making readers feel that "Healing Plum" is urgent and unshakable in determination. Verbs such as "purchase", "cure", "adjust", "smooth", "destroy", "repair", "complete", etc. write a series of actions and determination to cure plum blossoms, which fully express the author's indignation against the oppression and restraint of authoritarianism and his resistance to the reality of society. The fighting passion of authoritarian power. "I am not a literati and painter, but I am willing to accept criticism and save the diseased plum blossoms." This clearly expresses the author's position, viewpoint and determination to fight. "I am not a literati and painter", which means that I am not the same people as them, nor do I conform to the same trend. "Being willing to be criticized" expresses the idea of ????daring to face social reality, criticizing the current ills, being unafraid, not afraid of attacks, not afraid of persecution, and determined to fight against the feudal ruling class. ?The Pavilion of Diseased Plum Blossoms?, points out the title, and concludes the previous article.
The first two paragraphs of the article go from writing about the diseased plum to writing about the museum of the diseased plum. The last paragraph describes the intention of treating plum blossoms. Use the interjection "woohoo" to induce discussion. "There are many free days, and there are many free fields, so we can store diseased plums in Jiangning, Hangzhou, and Suzhou." In response to the large number of diseased plums in Jiangning and Zhejiang mentioned above, we hope to have a lot of free time and free fields. In fact, I lament that I don’t have much time to spare, my power to heal plum blossoms is limited, and I lament that my power is not enough to save the situation where talents are being stifled. Therefore, I use the rhetorical question format: How can I make it happen? Is it okay? The intention of treating plum blossoms. This sigh at the end fully expresses the author's ambition to persist in the struggle in an argumentative way.
Gong Zizhen was an outstanding thinker and writer in the first half of the 19th century in my country. The era in which he lived (Jiaqing and Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty) was the beginning of a transitional era in which China's feudal society was increasingly disintegrating and declining, facing collapse and moving towards semi-feudal and semi-colonial society. In this new stage of history, the bourgeoisie has just emerged from the soil of feudalism. He had a special sensitivity to the new crisis in the feudal country, and his thoughts were extremely rebellious. He observed reality with a unique keen eye and connected literary creation with "today's affairs". In his literary creation, he expressed his dissatisfaction with the corrupt politics of the Qing Dynasty and his disgust with the mediocrity of bureaucrats who did not want to cheer up. , conducted a profound exposure and sharp criticism of the decadent and dark real politics and society, and issued a call for reform and put forward suggestions for improvement. He pioneered a trend in modern literary history of ridiculing current affairs and slandering autocracy; the pursuit of individual liberation became a unique sentiment in his poems. "Records of the Sick Plum Museum" is the most moving and outstanding prose masterpiece written in this regard. This argumentative essay, through the trivial matters of Zhimei's life, reflects the author's longing for personal freedom and spiritual liberation under the oppression and constraints of authoritarianism. In the article, "Treat it: let it go, destroy its pot, bury it in the ground, and untie its brown bonds", which is to let the plum tree stretch freely and grow vigorously and healthily, which reflects his indignation against the cruel rule. and the urgency for reform. The author lives in an era when the unified feudal country is facing decline and collapse. The feudal ruling class uses literary inquisition and eight-part essay to stifle all intelligence, strengthen ideological rule, and enslave the people. The dark cloud of "thousands of horses in silence" hangs over the country. The author saw that the actual rule of the Qing Dynasty was "coming to an end". In "The Story of the Sick Plum Pavilion", he used plum blossoms as metaphors for people to discuss politics, and strongly called for reforming politics, getting rid of the autocratic power that destroyed human nature, breaking the harsh ideological rule, and pursuing Personality liberation. The reason why a diseased plum is sick is that its nature is damaged. The plum tree should grow healthily with its vigorous vitality and its natural form, so as to conform to the physical characteristics of nature. The author's ideological understanding is a manifestation of his confrontation with the real society that constrains his personality.
The ruthless exposure and sharp criticism of decadent real politics and society are an important part of Gong Zizhen’s works after his middle age. His prose, no matter what the subject matter, always has a critical eye, looks at the overall situation, looks at the problem from a political and social perspective, and makes an objective and fair criticism of the real politics and society, so it generally has profound thoughts. content. Written on the eve of the Opium War (in 1839, when the author was 48 years old), "Records of the Sick Plum Pavilion" is less than 300 words in length. This is why its ideological content is profound.
To meet the needs of expressing his ideological content, the expression form and technique of the article are also very special. "Records of the Sick Plum Museum" adopts the style of a short essay, using plums as metaphors for people, borrowing topics, and using plums to discuss politics. Through the daily trivial matters of plum planting, raising, tasting, and curing plums, from small to large, it expresses the story of breaking through the problems of plum blossoms. Feudal shackles, the pursuit of individual liberation of distinct political views and propositions. The article writes about plum blossoms in paragraphs, everywhere, and throughout the article, including the place where plum blossoms are produced, the reasons for young plum blossoms, the disease of plum blossoms, the ambition to treat plum blossoms, and the method of treating plum blossoms. It is written layer by layer, with narration and discussion. Each paragraph, each layer, alludes to the decadent real politics, points the finger at the harsh ideological rule of authoritarianism, criticizes the feudal ruling class's crime of suppressing and destroying talents, and expresses the author's request to reform politics and break down the spiritual shackles and restraints that imprison talents. The urgent desire to pursue individual liberation reflects the rebellious mood of intellectuals awakened under feudal rule and the demand for reform of current affairs. Appreciation 2:
Gong Zizhen lived in an era when the Manchu Empire was decadent, declining and about to collapse. He keenly sensed the new crisis in the feudal dynasty and saw the suffering and disaster of the people. Therefore, he was eager to get rid of the bad government and rejuvenate the country. Internally, he advocated the reform of bad regulations in farmland ownership, maritime trade, imperial examinations, and currency systems; externally, he advocated resolute resistance to imperialist aggression, and even planned to go to the front line to plan the anti-British struggle in person. He also attached great importance to the security of the northwest region of our country and made far-sighted and important suggestions on consolidating the northwest border defense. He earnestly hopes that by recruiting talents in an eclectic way, a new social force will emerge to wipe out the situation where thousands of horses are silent. Of course, Gong Zizhen's reform proposals still wanted to maintain the feudal order of the Manchu government, rather than propose a fundamental abolition of feudal rule. Moreover, his reform ideas were difficult to implement due to the opposition of conservatives and his own powerless position. However, his patriotism and courage to criticize the old system should still be affirmed. His reformist thoughts were of progressive significance under the historical conditions at that time, and had an important influence on the subsequent reform movements of Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and others.
Gong Zizhen’s greatest creative achievement is poetry, with magnificent, ingenious and colorful language, and most of the content expresses his political opinions and social ideals. His prose has a wide range of content and diverse forms. He discusses ancient and modern times, focuses on criticizing reality and advocating reforms. Due to the harsh ideological rule at that time and the limitations of his time and class, some of his works had the disadvantage of being obscure and difficult. "Records of the Sick Plum Pavilion" is a short essay that criticizes current ills and has a subtle meaning. The author uses metaphors to express his opinions, thoughts and feelings in a subtle and tortuous way. The full text is divided into two parts. The first part is about "disease of plum blossoms" and the latter part is about "cure of plum blossoms".
At the beginning of the article, after a brief description of the origin of plums, the writing suddenly leads to a discussion about the beauty and ugliness standards of plums, which is gently stopped with the word "Guye". Then, use sharp writing to write in detail the cause of the disease. It turns out that in the minds of literati and painters, plum blossoms are beautiful because of their music, their beauty is their beauty, and their beauty is their sparseness. However, there is no clear title for it, and it is inconvenient to call on those who grow plum blossoms. People are looking for money from young and sick plums, so they secretly ask a third party to tell the flower growers, asking them to cut off the main branches, nourish the side branches, delete the dense ones, and hoe the young branches. It is straight, suppressing its anger, and casting it into the solitude of the literati and painter. Because of this, plum blossoms in Jiangsu and Zhejiang are all sick. Facing the 300 pots of diseased plums that he purchased, the author cried for three days and determined to cure them: let them go and let them go. He made up his mind to cure Mei. He planned to spend five years to fully recover these sick plum blossoms, and he was willing to accept criticism and set up a special sick plum clinic to treat and recuperate the sick plum blossoms. The author also said that if he had more free time and more free fields, he would devote his whole life to curing a large number of diseased plums in Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
On the surface, this article talks about plum blossoms in every sentence without any off-topic remarks. However, in fact, it is named after plum blossoms and is used as a metaphor for people. Every word is sarcastic about current affairs and has a very meaningful meaning. profound. The author uses the example of literati and painters who did not love natural and healthy plums but preferred sickly plums, which caused severe damage to plum blossoms, alluding to the Manchu Qing Dynasty's harsh ideological restrictions and the evil behavior of destroying talents. The solitary nature of the literati and painters is an allusion to the shameful selfishness of the feudal rulers; he straightens, deletes, and corrects, suggesting how these feudal rulers cruelly persecute talented people and those who want to make a difference. , Talented people with backbone. What they seek are some obtuse, shameless, stubborn, and submissive slaves to maintain the dark, decadent, crumbling reactionary rule. This is the true meaning of their belief that the beauty of plum blossoms is that they are beautiful in tune, sparseness, and sparseness. Regarding this, Gong Zizhen made a clear positive explanation in his article "The ninth article on the occasion of Yi and Bing". He pointed out that in the "declining age", when talented people and talented people come out, there will be no talent to supervise them. Binding it to the point of killing it? Killing it can lead to worry, anger, thinking, and action. Whether you are a scholar or an ordinary citizen, as long as you have talent and want to do something, you will be persecuted. He further pointed out in another article, "Ancient History Gou Shen Lun I" that in order to maintain their dark rule, the feudal rulers would never allow talented people to make a difference. , remove people's shame in order to exalt their own bodies, one person is strong, and ten thousand people are soft?, try their best to destroy people's integrity, and make everyone in the world obediently be their slaves. Therefore, in this "Record of the Sick Plum Pavilion", the author is just referring to things as metaphors for people, using plum blossoms to discuss politics, and using artistic images to express his opinions in a subtle and tortuous way.
The author is determined to cure and save the plum blossoms so that the plum blossoms can develop naturally. This shows his deep sympathy for those who have been insulted and harmed, and his fighting mood of facing reality and eager to break through the dark age. . However, Gong Zizhen clearly realized that his power was very limited, and his ambition to cure the disease in Jiangning, Hangzhou, and Suzhou would be difficult to realize.
Therefore, the article ends with a sigh and a deep emotion