(Li Shangyin's Seven-character Rhyme in Tang Dynasty)
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Sui Palace is a seven-character poem written by Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. This is an ancient poem about history. Although it is about the Sui Palace, it actually satirizes Yang Guang's debauchery and national subjugation. This poem was written by Yang Di. For pleasure, he went out endlessly to cruise, extravagant and fatuous, dug canals, built palaces, wasted people's money, and finally created the conditions for his national subjugation, becoming the king of national subjugation like Chen Houzhu. Satire in the past is a metaphor for today. The poet regards Yang Di as a typical tyrant who is famous for his debauchery and luxury in history, in order to warn those rulers who were decadent and drunk in the late Tang Dynasty. The whole poem is written flexibly and implicitly, with bright colors and sonorous syllables.
The original editor of a work
Sui Palace (1)
His Ziquan Palace has been occupied by clouds (2), just as he wants to take the whole Yangzhou as his private territory (3).
If Qin Shihuang hadn't seized the imperial seal, he would have set sail long ago.
Fireflies have now left the weather-beaten grassland, but they still inhabit the weeping willow crows at dusk.
If he met, the world was in chaos, and the later Emperor Chen, do you think they would mention a "Garden Flower"? Existence. [ 1] [2]
Annotation translation editor
Sentence annotation
⑴ Sui Palace: refers to the palace built by Yang Di Yang Guang in Jiangdu (now Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province).
⑵ Ziquan: Because Tang Gaozu was named Li Yuan, it was changed to Chang 'an River. Sima Xiangru's Shanglin Fu describes the emperor's Shanglin Garden: "Fresh water flows south and Zi Yuan flows north". Ziquan Palace is a palace used in the Sui Dynasty to refer to Chang 'an, Kyoto. Lock the smog: there are clouds in the air.
(3) "Want to Take" sentence: "Yang Diji": "In March of the first year of Daye, more than one million men and women from various counties in Henan sailed through the canal, and in August, they boarded a dragon boat to celebrate Jiangdu." Wucheng, namely Guangling (now Yangzhou). The emperor's home, the imperial city.
(4) Imperial seal (xǐ): the imperial seal. Sun angle: the frontal angle is prominent, which the ancients regarded as the emperor. This refers to Tang Gaozu Tang Gaozu. "Biography of Tang Jian in Old Tang Dynasty": "Gaozu was called to discuss current affairs in secret, and said:' Gong Ming is in Longting, Li is in the picture, and the world is looking forward to it'." The Book of Guangwu in the later Han Dynasty quoted Zheng Xuan's Notes on Waiting in Shangshu: "The sun angle is the bone in the court and looks like the sun." Zhu Jianping's Elephant Number: "There is a dragon and rhinoceros in the forehead, the sun in the left corner and the king in the right corner." Liu xiaobiao's theory of distinguishing fate: "dragon rhinoceros and sun angle are the watches of emperors."
5. Brocade: Yang Di's dragon boat is made of gorgeous court brocade. "Talking about the River": "The emperor moved the girder from Luoyang and ordered the Jianghuai States to build 500 large ships. When the dragon boat was built, the river flooded along the Huaihe River, fattening one piece after another and connecting thousands of miles. From the girder to Huaikou, cotton is endless. When the brocade sails pass, it smells fragrant for a hundred miles. "
[6] Rotten grass has no fireflies: "Book of Rites and Moon Order": "Rotten grass is a firefly." The ancients thought that fireflies changed from rotten grass. "Sui Shu Yang Diji": "In the twelfth year of the great cause, I went to the Jinghua Palace to beg for fireflies, and I had to welcome guests. I traveled to Shan Ye at night and let it go, and it was all over the rock valley. " This sentence is very exaggerated, saying that Yang-ti searched all the fireflies.
(7) weeping willows: from Banzhu River to Huaihe River in Yang Di, imperial roads and willows are built along the river, which is called Sui dike, with a total length of 1300 Li. "Talking about the River": "There are willows among the people, and the people strive to offer them. I also ordered my parents to plant one, and the emperor himself planted one. After the ministers planted the first tree, the emperor wrote that the weeping willow was surnamed Yang, saying that it was also. "
(8) Underground sentence: Chen Houzhu: Chen Shubao, the last emperor of the Southern Dynasties, was a dissolute and subjugated king. Backyard flower: yushu backyard flower and Chen Houzhu created it with colorful lyrics. Sui Shu records that when Yang Di was in Jiangdu, he was often confused by monsters. I tasted the chicken table in Wugong Mansion and saw Chen Houzhu in a trance. The queen has dozens of dancers, one of whom is very beautiful, and the emperor has seen it again and again. The queen said, "That's Lihua." Li Hua was invited to dance "Flowers in Yushu Back Garden". Qi, the last song. "[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
Vernacular translation
Rhyme translation
The famous Sui Palace in Chang 'an is locked in the haze; But I want to take Yangzhou, which is far away from Yangzhou, as the imperial base.
If it weren't for destiny, the decree would be a dragon and phoenix gesture, Li Yuan; Emperor Yang Di's Brocade Dragon Boat was supposed to soar in the sky.
Nowadays, fireflies have long since disappeared from the rotten grass; On the Sui Dyke in Yang Liuzhi, only crows crow at dusk.
How dare you bring up the famous flower Song in the garden after the national subjugation if Huang meets him? [3]
Random translation
The halls and pavilions in Chang 'an are idle and closed, and the sky is shrouded in gloom. I want to build a more luxurious palace in Jiangdu. If it weren't for the emperor's decree, it was the Li family's; Emperor Yang Di's brocade sail can travel all over the world. In those days, only rotten grass was left in the place where fireflies were placed, and fireflies had already cut off their roots and buds; Over the years, the Sui Dyke has been lonely and cold, and the weeping willows on both sides of the strait have returned to their nests. If he meets Chen Houzhu underground, can he enjoy another song "backyard flowers"? [2]
Creative background editing
This poem was written by the poet when he traveled to Jiangdong in his later years. It was written in the 11th year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (857), and it is as famous as the Seven Wonders of the same name. At that time, Li Shangyin was recommended by Liu Zhongying as a salt and iron official and traveled to Jiangdong.
Yang Di, Emperor Yangdi of Sui Dynasty, is a typical example of the notorious corrupt monarch in the history of China. After he acceded to the throne, he did not take care of state affairs, but dug a canal of more than 2000 miles to take a boat from Luoyang to Jiangdu. He also planned to travel to Hangzhou, so he deliberately dug 800 miles south of the Yangtze River. Building a palace along the river runs out of people's fat paste. During his fourteen years in office, he visited Jiangdu three times. The dragon boat he took took more than 200 miles back and forth, sailing across the place and smelling ten miles. There are as many as 200,000 people accompanying each trip, and as many as 80,000 to 90,000 migrant workers on the tugboat. He was finally killed. Based on this, Li Shangyin wrote this poem, satirizing the warning of the former dynasty to the present from the perspective of the rise and fall of the country. [4] [6]
Appreciation editor of works
Literary appreciation
The theme of the first couplet is "His Ziquan Palace has been occupied by clouds, because he will take the whole Yangzhou as his private territory". The poet associated the palace in Chang 'an with "clouds" and described it as magnificent and towering into the sky. Replacing Chang 'an with "Purple Spring" is also a choice of gorgeous words to set off "smoke clouds", thus setting off the grandeur of Chang 'an Palace. However, such a magnificent palace was locked in a mist, and the emperor would rather live in Wucheng. The word "lock" in the previous sentence also highlights the grandeur of Chang 'an Palace. With this preparation, the next sentence will follow the trend. Not living in Chang 'an, but taking Jiangdu, Yang Di's nature of seeking pleasure and doing whatever he wants has been faintly revealed. Scenery writing, narration, secret writing and explication are different, but all of them are out of criticism of the king who perished.
Three or four sentences: "If the decree had not been taken by the first emperor, he would have set sail long ago.". The poet said in a fictional tone: If the emperor's decree had not fallen into the hands of Li Yuan, Yang Guang would not have been satisfied with swimming in Jiangdu, and his brocade sail would have floated to the horizon long ago. According to historical records, Yang Guang not only dug more than 2,000 miles of Tongji Canal, but also visited Jiangdu many times. More than 800 miles of Jiangnan River have been dug, and it is planned to pick up dragon boats and build a post palace. I planned to visit Hangzhou, but it didn't happen. From the numerous historical facts of Yang Di's desire for pleasure, the poet gave a typical example to satirize his addiction to traveling by boat. Using a pen is also a combination of reality and reality. The reason for saying "truth" is that it is based on historical facts and the personality characteristics of the Sui Dynasty emperor, so although it is exaggerated, it does not lose the truth of historical facts and characters; It is said to be "virtual" because it has entered the poet's artistic imagination and is the highest real illusion produced through illusion. In real life, sailing will never reach the end of the world. The beauty of artistic creation lies in "similarity and dissimilarity", which is too kitsch to deceive the world. This is how the couplet "Yu" won a good sentence. Rhetorically, this couplet adopts conjunctions connected from top to bottom, which makes this poem present a mature and beautiful dynamic.
Necklace "Fireflies have gone now, leaving the weathered grass, but still weeping willows, crows inhabit the dusk. Two facts concerning Yang Guangyi's tour. One is to release fireflies: Yang Guang once asked for the number of fireflies at Jinghua Palace in Luoyang, "Let them fly in the mountains at night, and the light will spread all over the rock valley"; Jiangdu also released fireflies for fun and built a "firefly house". The other is planting willow: Bai Juyi wrote in "Willow on Sui Dyke": "In the great cause, I became the son of heaven and planted Liu Chengxing with running water; West to the Yellow River, east to the Huaihe River, with a green shadow of 1,300 miles. At the end of the great cause, the willow color is like smoke and snow; Nanxing Jiangdu is around, and this tree should reflect the dragon boat. " Linking "firefly" with "rotten grass", "weeping willow" and "dusk crow", we can feel the past and present in the sharp contrast between "being" and "not being", which profoundly embodies the historical lessons of national subjugation and decay. "Fireflies are now gone and have left the weathered grassland", which not only means that the place where fireflies were put at that time has become a ruin, only "rotten grass"; The deeper meaning is that Yang Guang desperately searched for fireflies for a night outing, and as a result, they became extinct. "Crows still inhabit in the weeping willows at dusk" renders the bleak scene after the national subjugation.
The previous sentence said "today" and "nothing", which naturally implied the "existence" of the past; The next sentence says "to die" and "to live", and that day naturally implies "nothing" Once upon a time, Yang Guang made a "southern tour" on a whim, but Qian Fan's military forces did not move, and the land and water went hand in hand, drums and music sang together, and colorful flags covered the sky; Weeping willows in Sui Dynasty, crows naturally dare not inhabit at dusk. It was not until Yang Guang was killed and the southern tour was a thing of the past that the crow dared to fly to the weeping willows on the Sui embankment for the night. These two sentences are compared with the past, but in artistic expression, they only show one aspect of comparison, both emotional and implicit.
"If he meets the tail couplet and puts it underground, the later Emperor Chen, do you think they will mention a song of flowers in the courtyard? ! "Through the dream story with Chen, the theme of criticizing national subjugation and debauchery is profoundly revealed in the style of conjecture and backchat. Chen surrendered to the Sui Dynasty because of debauchery and national subjugation, and he was very familiar with the Sui King at that time. When Yang Guang became emperor, he went to Jiangdu by dragon boat. In his dream, he saw the dead Chen and his beloved concubine Zhang Lihua, and asked Zhang Lihua to dance a song "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu". This dance music was written by Chen. It was denounced by later generations as "the voice of national subjugation". The poet specifically mentioned it here, meaning that he witnessed Chen's debauchery and national subjugation, but did not learn from it. He was addicted to the dragon boat trip, obsessed with the sound of national subjugation, and finally made the same mistake as Chen, died without regret and laughed at the world. At the end of the poem, he asked: If he met Chen underground, would he still have the courage to ask Zhang Lihua to dance another song "Flowers in the Back Garden"? Ask without answering, and the aftertaste is endless.
This poem is based on the fact that the former dynasty conquered the country, criticizes the conquered monarch with the language of the poem, speaks with the emperor of the late Tang Dynasty, and has lofty ideas. In the article, the whole poem is based on content words and mediated by function words, achieving a neat and vivid artistic effect. [ 1] [4] [5] [7] [8]
Evaluation by famous experts
Fan night talk to bed: the elder said: the poet's illness has caused too many things, and everyone regards it as a combination with the topic. This is a fabrication, although what are the advantages? ..... As the poem "Sui Palace" says, "If it weren't for the imperial seal of Emperor Taizu, we would have set sail long ago." "Bei Tie" also says: "Although I am talented in wind music, I am not ashamed, but I am not as good as the two Shu generals who died in battle!" Then melt the mediation, and if you go out by yourself, you will be fine and rude.
Fang Hui's Random Notes on Lv Kui: "Sun Jiao" and "Tianya" are both ingenious.
Wu Shidao's comments on Wu Libo's poems: Sun Angle, Brocade, Firefly and Hanging the Sun are all practical things, but they are literally opposite, melting the self-assertion and deep intention, which is really good.
Gu Lin's Criticism of Tang Yin: What style is this sentence? The situation is vulgar, using novel language, not ancient author method. The first couplet and conclusion are also vulgar, and there are few good words in the late Tang Dynasty.
Zhou Wei's "General Comment on Lin of Tang Poetry Selection Meeting": Zhou Bi takes this as the four virtual bodies. Zhou Binglun said: Throughout the article, we criticized and mocked the empty meaning. That is to say, the conclusion is not that it is difficult to face the ghost in Wendi, but to ask the obscene songs in Wendi, who did not have a long-term vision of Yin Jian and made a career in the front car. Funny, crying, thoughtful. If the critic is terminally ill with his indecent style, he can; If it is written in novel language, it is unofficial history, which ancient and modern humanistic fu did not expect!
Jin Shengtan's Selected Poems of Tang Talents in Huaguan: "Today" is wonderful! There are only two words, that is, cold water irrigation head. Death is wonderful! There are only two words, that is, the puppet is broken, not to mention the intersection of "rotten grass" and "crying Yang".
Lu Ciyun's Poems and Songs of the Five Dynasties: May 6th is the conclusion of others, which is used in the belly of poetry. Don't end with novelty, the machine is different. Yishan walked alone between Kaicheng and Huichang that day.
Feng Ban and Feng Shu's Comments on Two Feng before Mobilization: A generous belly, a wonderful sentence, is a righteous mountain, and those who don't know it are also.
He Chao's "Reading the Secretary of the Yimen": There is nothing bad, and three or four is especially good for the bone marrow. The first half of the exhibition is open and the second half is full. It's really big. The second half of irony is more powerful.
He Shang's Poems on Wine Garden Editor: Yi Shan's Poems on Sui Gong: "If the first emperor hadn't got the imperial seal, he would have set sail long ago." Fei Qing's "Moonlit Night on a Spring River" says: "Ten sails are full of wind, and even the sky is resplendent." Although he tried his best to describe luxury, his infinite desire could not be better expressed than Li Yu's.
Hu Tang Poetry: It is a sad thing to mourn according to poetic sentiment, but it is a China Resources to take things from things. Originally, Quincy's writing style should not be weak, but Yang-ti always ends up with romance and lewdness, which is not the reason why he is in danger. So the author is still wearing powder, which is his most famous.
Zhu's interpretation of Tang poetry: this poem is all driven by discussion, but it is returned with exquisite pen, full of stagnation. There is no plain writing, no solid architecture, and it is a pole to praise and cherish history.
Huang Ziyun's Ye Hongshi Sui Palace Poems: "Five seals return to the Sun Corner and want to sail to help the world." "Sun Jiao" is not Taizong, but also the former monarch; The word "love" is unstable, and you know there is a second sentence ahead, so be strong. However, there is only one link. Although the language is hard, what is the intention?
Shen Deqian's Tang Poems: It is said that destiny does not belong to the Tang Dynasty, but to Jiangdu! The pen is flexible, and later generations only tell the truth, so they stagnate.
Huang Shucan's Annotations on Tang Poetry: In fifty-six words, it is the same as the poems of the Southern Dynasties.
Zhang's Collection of Tang Elegance: If written in movable type, it is turbulent and affectionate, and it is a masterpiece in ancient and modern times.
Li E's A Brief Record of Poems: Beyond words, there are infinite sighs and infinite vigilance.
Fang Nantang's "A Record of Forgetting the Year": Li Shangyin's "Fireflies are gone now, and they are still in the twilight of weeping willows and crows" is nothing more than writing scenery, which is extravagant before life, desolate after death, glorious and moving. Isn't it amazing?
Many poems of past dynasties: elegant and smart, it can be described as a thousand wires of iron net.
Mao Chunrong's Yuan Qu Lun: Its words are profound, its methods are refined, and there are exceptions.
Li comments on Ying Kui's method and essence: Qian Xiang Ling Yun: This song has skill, which is not the beauty of Yuxi. Cha Shen Xing: The first four sentences are full of twists and turns. There was a discussion on March 4th, but the facts of "Jin Fan" and "Yu Xi" merged. Ji Yun: The middle four sentences are reversed step by step, and the sentences fall off. What a terrible conclusion, people in the prosperous Tang dynasty have never had.
Ji Yun's On Poems Born in Yuxi: The pure pen is soft and lined, and the lovers are rearranged in one go. The first two sentences fall together, the last sentence pauses, the next sentence turns, and then three or four sentences. The words "Bak Yan" and "should" are very vivid. Infinite escape, how to describe it? Three or four words are only used for calculation, and even things that have not been done are revealed together, including not only thirteen years. This is a very sensitive pen. The conclusion is that the late Tang Dynasty is different from the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Fang Shu-dong's "Zhao Wei unfolds her face": The first gentleman said, "When talking about narrative beauty, there is no trace of making things happen, regardless of the trace of breaking." He also said, "With the function of function words, five or six sentences are vivid and wonderful, which can be described as excellent works."
Zhang Caitian's Poems of Li Yishan: The conclusion is made of cold thorn, which is endless and has a beautiful taste at the back. Rhyme contains the meaning of comparison, and Yuxi is accustomed to the law.
Yu Biyun's "On Poetic Realm": Anyone who sings ancient poems and specializes in one thing must put his skills through, but he must be lively; It's better to summarize sentences intentionally. Yuxi's two poems, Ma Wei and Sui Palace, are both ancient and modern, so it is best to adopt the method. The first sentence is always about the scenery of Sui Palace. In the second sentence, it is said that the place of the city is not enough to control the space, but it is ridiculous to regard it as the "home of the emperor" and say that it is ignorant. After three or four words, Tianxin cares. Don't belong to the king of Tang dynasty, the brocade sails wander, I don't know where to stop. Five or six words in this rotten grass country, who will take fireflies ten times; Looking at the long beach, only crows live in the flowing water, and weeping willows are bleak. The firefly hangs the sun, which is to sigh out with the past of the Sui Palace. Syntax is complex and vacillating. The last sentence is the sorrow of national subjugation, taking Chen and Sui as examples. When I met the late Lord Jiuyuan, I should have been hurt by the fall of Ji and the fall of Yushu. Why do you ask again? [ 1] [4] [5] [7] [8] [9]
Author profile editor
Li Shangyin (about 813-about 858) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word Yishan,No. Yuxi Sheng, Fan Nansheng. A native of Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang, Henan). In 837 AD, he was also a scholar. He used to be county commandant, secretary of Lang, and judge of Dongchuan Festival. In the struggle between Niu and Li, he was pushed out and lived in poverty all his life. Poetry has made great achievements, "praising history" poems are full of irony, and "untitled" poems are famous. He is good at law and unique, rich in literary talent and unique in style, but there are too many useful classics with obscure intentions. There are poems by Li Yishan.