What word is dual?
recall
Read, think, understand, gain and feel. ...
What is the first word of the best antithetical couplet?
recall
think
What is antithesis in ancient poetry, also called antithesis, is a rhetorical way of symmetrically arranging two sentences or phrases with the same structure and related meanings. For example, since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with a sword and drown it with wine, sadness will still come back.
30 fame, dust and earth, eight thousand miles of clouds and the moon. Birds come, birds go to the mountains, and people cry in the water. If the sky is sentimental, it will be old, if the moon is long and round, the sea will give birth to the waning moon, and the spring breeze will enter the old year. Qingming Festival (Tang Dynasty) During the Qingming Festival, there were many rains, and pedestrians on the road wanted to die. Excuse me, where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. Cold food on the road (Tang) Song immediately ate a cold food, and it was already late spring on the road. Poor King Jiangpu doesn't see Luo Qiao people. The North Pole cherishes the Lord, and the South is a vassal. The old garden is heartbroken, and the wicker is new day and night.
Leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, but I watch the long river roll forward. What is this poem?
Bad luck has formed a bitter frost on my temples, and heartache and fatigue are a thick dust in my wine.
Although my body doesn't have bright wings like a phoenix, I can feel the harmonious heartbeat of the sacred unicorn.
Those antithetical couplets are helpless, as if they have met Yan's return.
The autumn wind in the north is fierce, and the spring rain in the south of the Yangtze River is apricot.
The ancient sunset road is silent, and the autumn wind listens to Ma Si.
Green water is worry-free, because the wind wrinkles the face; Castle peak is not old, it is a snow-white head.
It is impossible to stop the ship on land and water; Sweetheart GeGeGeFei GeFeiFei.
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Poetry containing antithesis, sowing a millet in spring and harvesting 10 thousand seeds in autumn.
-Li Shen's "Compassion for Farmers"
Seeing the mountains from a distance is colorful, but listening to the water is silent.
-Anonymous "painting"
Trees are all autumn colors, and mountains are only sparkling.
-Wang Ji's Wild Hope
Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky.
-Du Fu's quatrains
Every tree in Hanyang becomes clear in the water, and the grass in Nautilus Island is growing.
-Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao
Butterflies are deep in the flower gorge, and dragonflies fly leisurely with the water.
-Du Fu's Qu Jiang Du Jiu
Draw a building to fly to Nanpu Cloud, and the bead curtain rolls up the rain in the western hills at dusk.
-Wang Bo's "Teng Wangge"
The moonlight in the pine forest, the crystal stone in the stream, the whisper in the bamboo forest, the laundry girl went home, and the lotus leaf gave in before the fishing boat.
-Wang Wei's Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains
We looked at the green trees around your village and the pale blue of the distant mountains.
-Meng Haoran's "Passing the Old Village"
* * * Poetry pays the most attention to antithesis.
Thousands of miles of ice, Wan Li snow.
-"Qinyuan Spring Snow"
Only drink Changsha water and eat Wuchang fish.
-"Water Turning Around"
Flags are in sight at the foot of the mountain, drums and horns are ringing at the top of the mountain.
-"Xijiang Yue Jinggangshan"
The four seas are turbulent and angry, and the five continents are turbulent and thunderous.
-"Man Jianghong and Comrade Guo Moruo"
Red rain turns waves at will, while green hills deliberately turn bridges.
-"Seven Laws and Two Poems to Send the God of Sorrow"
Thousands of villages have lost their lives, and thousands of Xiao Su ghosts are singing.
What are the achievements of antithetical poems in the past 30 years? The clouds and the moon are eight thousand miles apart. Birds come and go, people sing and people cry. If the sky is sentimental, the sky will be old, if the moon is long and round, the sea will give birth to the waning moon, and the spring breeze will enter the old year. Tomb-Sweeping Day (Tang) Du Mu Tomb-Sweeping Day is rainy, and pedestrians on the road are dying. Excuse me, where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. Cold food on the road (Tang) Song immediately ate a cold food, and it was already late spring on the road. Poor King Jiangpu doesn't see Luo Qiao people. The North Pole cherishes the Lord, and the South is a vassal. The old garden is heartbroken, and the wicker is new day and night.
What are the basic requirements of antithesis in poetry? In addition to the general requirement that two opposing sentences have the same number of words and similar structures, they also require literal opposition and the same part of speech.
(1) literal antonym. The so-called literal opposition means that the meanings of words that constitute duality are relative or opposite. Such as waves between rivers and waves in the sky,
Trapped in the clouds, grounded in the shadows.
(Du Fu's Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity)
In this couplet, the literal meanings of "river" to "traffic jam", "wave" to "wind and cloud" and "sky surge" to "shadow" are all 20% right; Verbs "Lian" and "Jie" are relative, nouns "Tian" and "Di" are relative, and their literal meanings are also relative. Another example is:
Song Xin's hatred is not high,
Evil bamboo should be cut into pieces.
(Du Fu's "On the way to Chengdu Caotang, I will send you five poems by Gong Zheng first" (the fourth)
In this couplet, the literal meanings of "Song Xin" to "evil bamboo", "hate not" to "need" and "soar to a thousand towers" to "cut ten thousand towers" are just the opposite, expressing very distinct love and hate.
(2) The parts of speech are consistent. The so-called part-of-speech consistency means that the parts-of-speech requirements of opposing words are consistent. Generally speaking, nouns are relative to nouns, verbs are relative to verbs and adjectives are relative to adjectives. For example:
How fragrant the flowers on the roadside are,
And against old friends.
(Meng Haoran, "Leaving Wang Wei")
Desire and return are conjunctions, fragrant grass and old friend are nouns, and go and violate are verbs.
(3) In addition to the above two requirements, antithesis in modern poetry cannot use the same word in the corresponding position. For example, "I have been there, Yangliuyiyi; Today, when I think about it, it's raining, which is a bit similar to the Fan Pair said by later generations, but the same word appears in the corresponding position, which is not a real confrontation. This kind of rhetoric, which seems to be very close to antithesis, often appears in ancient poems, such as "Spring buds are born in spring, and flowers are flying on the spring shore" (Mei's "Puffer"). Beginners should be careful not to regard this as the opposite.
Dual poem
Duality in poetry is called duality. The ancient guard of honor is relative, which is the origin of the word "antithesis".
What is duality? Duality means juxtaposing similar concepts or opposing concepts, such as "resisting US aggression and aiding Korea" and "resisting US aggression and aiding Korea" to form duality. Duality can be a sentence that is self-correct, or it can be two sentences that are opposite. For example, "to resist US aggression and aid Korea" is self-contradictory, while "to resist US aggression and aid Korea and defend the country" are two opposite sentences. Generally speaking, duality refers to two opposite sentences. The last sentence is called a sentence, and the next sentence is called a sentence.
The general rules of duality are noun to noun, verb to verb, adjective to adjective, adverb to adverb. Take "Resisting US aggression and aiding Korea and defending our country" as an example: resistance, aid, protection and defence are all verbs, while beauty, Korea, home and country are all nouns. In fact, nouns can be subdivided into several categories, and similar nouns are relatively neat and dual, referred to as "work pairs". Here "beauty" and "Korea" are proper nouns and abbreviations, so they are industrial pairs; Both "home" and "country" are people's collectives, so they are also workers. "Defending the country and defending the country" is also right for "resisting US aggression and aiding Korea", because the sentences are self-aligned, so it is not required that the two sentences are equally neat.
Duality is a rhetorical device, whose function is to form neat beauty. The characteristics of Chinese are especially suitable for disyllablization, because there are many monosyllabic words, even disyllabic words, among which morphemes are quite independent and easy to cause disyllablization. Because duality is a rhetorical device, it is necessary for both prose and poetry. For example, the Book of Changes says, "Respond with one voice and seek a spirit." ("Easy? Dry classical Chinese) The Book of Songs says: "I have been there, Liu Yiyi; I think about it today, it's raining. " ("Xiaoya? These antitheses meet the needs of rhetoric. However, the antithesis in orthodox poetry has its own rules, which is not as casual as the Book of Songs. This rule is:
(1) The level of sentence and duality is relative;
The words in the sentence and the words in the dialogue cannot be repeated.
Therefore, the examples mentioned above, such as the Book of Changes and the Book of Songs, can not meet the standard of antithesis of orthodox poetry. The two sentences mentioned above in Chairman Mao's "Long March" poem: "Jinsha River is warm on the cliff, and Dadu Bridge is cold on the iron", which conforms to the standard of antithesis in orthographic poetry.
Couplets (couplets) are evolved from metrical poems, so they should also be suitable for the above two standards. For example, the following pair:
The reeds on the wall are top-heavy and shallow;
Bamboo shoots, sharp mouth, empty stomach.
Here, the words in the upper couplet (sentence) and the words in the lower couplet (antithesis) are not repeated, but their levelness is relative:
(flat) flat, (flat) flat;
(Ping) Ping (Ping) Ping (Ping) Ping (Ping) Ping (Ping) Ping (Ping) ②.
Rhetorically, this pair is also very neat. "Wall" is a noun with orientation, and the corresponding "mountain" is also a noun with orientation. "Root" is a noun with orientation, so is the corresponding "belly". "Head" to "mouth" and "foot" to "skin" are nouns to nouns. "Heavy" versus "sharp" and "light" versus "thick" are adjectives versus adjectives. "Top-heavy", "sharp-tongued" and "thick-skinned" are right. This sentence corrects itself, and when the two sentences are relative, it is more neat.
Think of some opposing sentences:
Looking up, I found that the moonlight often falls back again, and I suddenly remembered home.
The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river.
But as long as you climb a flight of stairs, you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles.
Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky.
It's autumn wind and cold snow in Xiling, and Wu Dong Wan Li boat is moored at the door.
But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with swords, it is even more worrying to raise our glasses to eliminate our worries.
In addition, my friends upstairs also gave some, hoping to help the landlord.
Overlapping words and sentences to climb high.
Du Fu (Tang Dynasty)
The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand.
The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.
Long-distance visitors in the autumn of Wanli, with my hundred years of sadness, climbed this height alone.
After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.
A butterfly in love with flowers
(Song) Ouyang Xiu
How deep is the yard?
The willow piles up smoke, but the curtain is not heavy.
Jade music carving saddle tour smelting place, the building is not high, look at Zhangtai Road.
March storm,
It closes at dusk, and there is no plan to stay in spring.
Tears ask flowers silently, and red flies over the swing. Yingying Yanyan, with flowers and leaves, will be there sooner or later;
Ups and downs, self-knowledge, looking around.
South to north, both civil and military, fighting, killing and chopping from time to time, searching and scraping to see if it is clean;
Every household, men and women, old and young, lonely, scared everywhere, crying, it is really sad.
Slow voice
Looking for, cold and attractive, sad and sad. It's the hardest to stop when it's warm and cold at first. Three glasses and two light wines, how can I compare with it? It's too late to wind now. Goose is sad, but it is an old acquaintance. Yellow flowers were piled all over the floor, withered and damaged. Who can pick them now? How can you be alone with the window? The phoenix tree is raining and dripping at dusk. This time, what a sad sentence!
Li Qingzhao (1084-? A poetess in the Southern Song Dynasty, Yi 'an Jushi, was born in Zhangqiu, qi zhou (now Shandong). Her father Li was a famous scholar at that time, and her husband Zhao Mingcheng was a textual researcher on epigraphy. She lived a rich life in her early years and devoted herself to the collection and arrangement of calligraphy and painting epigraphy with her husband. Nomadic people entered the Central Plains and lived in the south, and their husbands died of illness and were lonely. Most of her poems reflect her carefree life in the early stage, but she is miserable in the later stage. A book is immortal.
Li Qingzhao speaks slowly, looking for overlapping words in the right sentences.
Looking around, lonely and sad.
It's the hardest to stop breathing when it's warm and cold at first.
How can you compare with him for three glasses and two leftover glasses of wine? Come late and in a hurry.
Guo Yan is very sad, but this is an old acquaintance.
There are yellow flowers all over the floor. They are haggard and damaged. Who can choose them now?
Looking out the window, how can a person be dark?
Platanus acerifolia dripped and dripped at dusk.
This time, what a sad sentence!
The wind blows in Shui Han, and the strong men are gone forever.
Who knows that every grain of Chinese food is hard? -Kun Li's "Hoe Wo"
The long grass is so lush that the withered grass will thicken the color of the grass every autumn and winter. -Bai Juyi's Farewell to the Ancient Grassland
I once again sent my bosom friend, and the thick grass represented my deep affection. -Bai Juyi's Farewell to the Ancient Grassland
Sleeping sickness in spring unconsciously broke the morning, and the chirping of birds disturbed my sleep. -Meng Haoran's "Spring Dawn"
A sunset gradually sank into the river, half green and half green. -Bai Juyi's "Mu Jiang Yin"
The fence is sparse, a path leads to the distance, and the petals on the tree fall, but the shade has not yet formed. -Yang Wanli's Su Xinshi Xugong Store
The delicate lotus flower bud shows a sharp corner from the water, and a naughty little dragonfly stands on its head. -Yang Wanli's Little Pool
Chatting, Mulan is knitting at home. -"Mulan Poetry"
The art of war consists of twelve volumes, which contain the names of lords. -"Mulan Poetry"
I didn't hear my parents calling for a female voice, but I heard the Yellow River splashing. -"Mulan Poetry"
I can't hear my parents calling for a female voice, but I hear Yanshan Hu riding a horse. -"Mulan Poetry"
The distance from the east home is very long, and the tears are wet and the sleeves are still flowing. -Cen Can is going to meet a messenger in the capital.
Blue chikurinji, near the distant bell in the middle of the night. -Liu Changqing's "Send Master Che Ling"
The smoke in the wind blurs where the ferry can be, and the vast river ripples in the sunset. -Meng Haoran's "Early Cold Jiang Huai"
The trees in the garden are lush, and the crystal dew rises in the sun. -Han Yuefu Long Songs
The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years. -Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao
Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass. -Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao
With a wave of his hand, he will be separated from now on, and his friend on horseback will carry him on a long journey, blowing a long wind, as if reluctant to leave. -Li Bai's "Seeing Friends Off"
Trees are all autumn colors, and mountains are only sparkling. -Wang Ji's Wild Hope
The sea is so vast that the islands stand high on the sea. -Cao Cao's Looking at the Sea
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