There is a saying in the biography of Xiongnu in the Han Dynasty: "The imperial court has plowed and swept it, and the county has placed it." "It means that after all the Huns are driven away and eliminated, a county is set up in that place, which is managed by the power of the central dynasty. The idiom "plowing the court and sweeping the floor" is to praise the great achievements of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in sweeping the Huns. 1500 years later, the stone statue of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in Ming Dynasty was also used by historians when recording Zhu Jianshen in Ming Xianzong. In the military action of Chenghua Plough House, the Ming Dynasty won three military victories against Jianzhou Jurchen. Although it was a small war, it profoundly affected Daming's centenary national luck! 1 Jianzhou Nuzhen, studied by modern historians, is a descendant of Jin people in the Northern Song Dynasty. After being destroyed by Mongols, Nuzhen wandered to a corner of the border between China and North Korea for survival. In the Yuan Dynasty, they were taken as slaves by the Koreans and were treated very tragically. Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the ruler of the Yuan Dynasty. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, in order to show the new atmosphere of the empire, he granted amnesty to the world. At this time, North Korea had become a vassal state of the Ming Dynasty, and Nuzhen, who was forced into slavery, was also included in this Amnesty. They were released from slavery and allowed to live independently in the northeast corner, probably in the western part of Jilin Province now. After a period of reproduction, Jianzhou Jurchen gradually developed and became a tribal group. When Judy became the ancestor, Judy established Jianzhou Wei there to manage it, so they got the later name-Jianzhou Jurchen. Jianzhou Jurchen is the closest one to the border of Ming Dynasty and the most civilized one. It has gradually entered the farming society and started a stable farming production mode. Further north, Hercynian Nuzhen and Barbarian Nv are really suitable fishing and hunting nations. Later, the Jurchen of Jianzhou further developed, and the Ming court adopted the method of "divide and rule" to separate the left guard and the right guard of Jianzhou, and together with the original Jianzhou Wei, they were called "Jianzhou Sanwei". In June of the 14th year of the Orthodox Church (1449), Master Valla invaded the territory of the Ming Dynasty many times, and Ming Yingzong personally led 200,000 elite troops to war. Unfortunately, the result of this personal expedition was a fiasco. The 200,000 elite troops of Daming Shi Jing were completely annihilated, the emperor was captured and many ministers died. The empire reached its most dangerous time. Fortunately, Yu Qian stood up at this time and saved the day. Led the rest of the soldiers to hold the capital. This fiasco is called the change of civil fortress. The change of the civil fort completely lost the core military strength of the Ming Dynasty, and the imperial power was greatly weakened. After this change, the reverence of the Ming dynasty for the surrounding nomadic people was greatly reduced. The rising Jianzhou Jurchen began to be dissatisfied with the tribute system established by the Ming Dynasty and repeatedly detained the border by force. They asked to participate in the tribute trade for a while, and then said that the tribute conditions given by the Ming Dynasty were not favorable enough, and they ran to the border to grab things and strongly demanded that the number and goods of tribute be increased. It has been repeated many times. Not only robbed the Ming Dynasty, but also robbed neighboring North Korea, which led North Korea to repeatedly ask the suzerain to suppress Lu. On this issue, there were two schools in the imperial court at that time, one was the main war school and the other was the main peace school. The main faction naturally advocates positive rigidity and cuts him off. Pacifists believe that appeasement should be the main thing, and the Yuan Tan League is their main argument. Most of the ancient nomadic people lived in cold areas and their productivity was low. Many of them live by grazing and hunting, and their ability to resist disasters is particularly weak. If there is a natural disaster, the whole tribe may have to explain. Because of the low productivity, the Jurchen images on murals in the Ming Dynasty could not be produced on a large scale, so they had to pay tribute in the Central Plains Dynasty in exchange for their own cattle, sheep, minerals and other materials. However, the Central Plains dynasty had strict regulations on the amount of tribute trade, which was far from enough for nomadic people with increasing population in peacetime. For these two reasons, nomadic people kept detaining the border, either robbing materials or forcing the Central Plains dynasty to switch to trade by force. There is a record in "Jian Yi Kao": "Dongshan corrects Mao pity, and foreigners on the west side of the Taiwan Strait steal the country without a false moon. "This Dong Shan is Aisingiorro Dong Shan, the fifth sai-jo of Nurhachi. Nurhachi's father is Tucker, Tucker's father is Jue Chang 'an, Jue Chang 'an's father is Fuman, Fuman's father is Xibao Qipian Gu, and Xibao Qipian Gu's father is Dong Shan. According to records, Dong Shan assembled Mao Lian (the reform department of Jurchen Huli in the Ming Dynasty) and the Jurchen Department in Haixi, and committed border looting for several months. Aisingiorro Dongshan | Stills in the second year of Chenghua (1466) and the third year of Chenghua, that is, the second year after Ming Xianzong Zhu Jianshen ascended the throne, the Jurchen of Jianzhou invaded the territory every year. In the third year of Chenghua, from January to March, it invaded twice. The Ming Dynasty commanded Deng Zuo to ambush and died in the battlefield. Xianzong Zhu Jianshen described him as a "little prince with a gun" in popular words. When he meets anything, he is not empty and positive. Ming Xianzong Zhu Jianshen Portrait For the enemy, Zhu Jianshen has only one word-fight! Zhu Jianshen was very happy about the Yao Rebellion in Guangxi, Liu Tong, a bandit in Nanzhang, the invasion of Mongolian children, the frontier invasion of Nuzhen in Jianzhou, the Miao Rebellion in Jingzhou and the invasion of Mongolian little prince. It is a great event that Jianzhou Jurchen meets Zhu Jianshen. In the face of Dongshan's constant invasion of the border, Zhu Jianshen issued an imperial edict to deal with it. The eight words in the imperial edict are impressive: "knock on its nest, there is no other kind." "If Dong Shan saw these eight words at that time, it is estimated that his back will be cold. The words "unique among its kind" are basically a kill order. Tang Xianzong's tough attitude is evident. This is to avoid future trouble forever! After the imperial edict was issued, General Zhao Fu led a 50,000-strong army, which was divided into three ways to suppress Jianzhou Nuzhen. At the same time, Zhu Jianshen ordered North Korea to send troops to fully cooperate with the Ming army. After a month of encirclement and suppression, the Ming army beheaded more than 630 people and captured more than 240 people. Li Manzhu (later renamed "Manchuria" because of his name, meaning "Li Manzhu's Jianzhou Jurchen Department") and his son were killed by the North Korean army. Another leader, Dong Shan, was also captured by the Ming army. On the way to the escort, Dong Shan tried to escape and was killed. In addition to killing the leader, Dong Shan's brother and hundreds of Zhuang Yong were sent to Fujian and other provinces, so that they were always in a foreign land and could not return. After this battle, the strength of Jianzhou Jurchen was greatly hit and stopped temporarily. Ten years later, the strength of Jianzhou Jurchen gradually recovered, and began to invade the Ming Dynasty border on the grounds that the tribute trade was blocked. In October of the 15th year of Chenghua (1479), Zhu Jianshen once again ordered the suppression of Jianzhou Jurchen. The suppression of Lu was led by a big eunuch, with Hou Funing as the company commander and the governor as the military affairs. Two months later, good news came from Wang Zhi: "The thief's nest in Jianzhou is among thousands of mountains, and the mountain is high and the road is narrow. Our soldiers divided into five roads, left Fushun Pass and arrived in its territory in half a month. According to the dangerous thief, the government troops were attacked on all sides and burned their nests lightly. Thieves and soldiers were defeated, capturing 695 ranks, 486 prisoners, breaking more than 450 villages, and capturing more than a thousand horses, unarmed and unarmed. "There is good news in October and December of the lunar calendar. These two months are the standard winter. And Liaodong is everywhere, and it's freezing. The army marched in such bad conditions, needless to say, it was a hard battle. According to the records in the Good News of Wang Zhi, the snow scene in Liaodong can also be known that "the thief's nest is among thousands of mountains, and the forest is high and the road is narrow", and "the thief meets the enemy in danger, and the loyalist is attacked from all sides, and his nest is destroyed by Qingqi". The thief Lu gathered on the steep terrain and resisted the attack of the Ming government troops according to their geographical position, but the Ming army still broke it and burned the thief Lu's lair. This clean-up, together with Chen Yue's victory in repelling Nuzhen's invasion last year and Zhao Fu's visit in the third year of Chenghua, achieved three military victories against Nuzhen, which was called "Chenghua Plough House" in history. The military action of Chenghua Liting dealt a heavy blow to Jianzhou Jurchen Military Group, which is of great significance to maintaining the overall peace of the country and ensuring the happiness of people's livelihood in the core area of Chinese civilization. After this war, Jianzhou Jurchen disappeared for nearly a hundred years. In history, it is far from being a big military action, and there is no great book about it in history books. But without this war, the difficult situation in the late Ming Dynasty might have broken out a hundred years earlier. A small war has profoundly changed the fate of Daming for a hundred years! Zhuang Zaicheng Emperor! References:
* * * From the Yellow River Civilization to the Belt and Road (Volume 2) Volume 15 A Record of Ming Xianzong Volume 197 A Record of Ming Xianzong