The theme of the first unit is "Life Feeling". Five texts expound the philosophy of life from different angles.
Two pieces of classical Chinese express the truth that we should concentrate on our study and look at things from different angles; "Hurry" expresses the author's regret and helplessness for the fleeting time, and permeates the consciousness of cherishing time;
"mahogany" is a metaphor for people, indicating that people's growth must pass the test and learn to be independent.
The top bowl boy contains the philosophy that failure is the mother of success.
Fingers illustrate the truth that "unity is strength".
The first lesson "two classical Chinese"
1, recite the text and write from memory.
2. Knowledge points:
Learning Chess is selected from the stories of Mencius Gao Zi and Learning Chess, which shows that you should concentrate on your study and not be half-hearted.
Two Children's Argument about the Sun is selected from Liezi Tang Wen. This story reflects the two children's good observation, well-founded conversation and Confucius' attitude of seeking truth from facts, and tells us that we can look at things from different angles and learn endlessly.
Step 3 take notes
(1) word, word:
Yi: Playing chess. Across the country: the whole country. Teaching: teaching.
Listen to Qiu Yi: Listen to Qiu Yi.
Honghu Lake: Swan. Auxiliary: guide and pull. Everyone: Together.
I: Yes. For: Because. His refers to the latter person.
★ The meanings of several "zhi" in the text
Debate: to argue, argue. Answer: Yes. Go: Leave.
Japan and China: noon. And: to.
Cang Cang Liang: Describe the feeling of coolness. Warehouse: It means cold.
Soup exploration: reach into the hot water. It means it's very hot. Soup: Hot water.
Decision: judgment. Who: Who? Ru: You.
(2) Sentence:
Is it because his intelligence is not as good as the former? That's not true.
Is it because his intelligence is not as good as others? I said, that's not true.
I've been close to people since the sun, but I've alienated people since I arrived in Japan.
I think the sun is closer to people when it first comes out and farther away at noon.
Who is Zhihu?
Who said you were knowledgeable?
(3) Translation:
Learn chess.
Qiu Yi is a national chess player. He taught two students to play chess, and one of them was so absorbed that he only listened to Qiu Yi. While listening to Qiu Yi's lecture, another student always thought there was a swan flying in the sky and wanted to shoot it down with a bow and arrow. Although they study together, the latter student doesn't study as well as the former one. Is it because his intelligence is not as good as others? I said, that's not true.
The two children argued all day.
One day, when Confucius visited the East, he saw two children arguing about something and asked why.
A child said, "I think the sun is closer to people when it first comes out, and it is farther away at noon."
Another child thinks that the sun is farther away from people when it first comes out and closer to people at noon.
A child said, "The sun was as big as a hood when it first came out, and it was like a plate at noon. Isn't that why it looks small from afar and big from near? "
Another child said: "When the sun just came out, it felt very cold. At noon, it was like putting your hand into hot water. Isn't that why you feel hot near and cold far away? "
Confucius could not judge what was going on.
The two children smiled and said, "Who said you were learned?"
Lesson 2 "Hurry" (Prose)
Writing characteristics: The author uses rhetorical questions, metaphors, parallelism, personification and other sentence patterns to make the subtle time gone forever and become vivid and infectious.
1, recite the text.
2. Knowledge points:
The author of Hurriedly is Zhu Ziqing, a famous prose master (this article was written when he was 24 years old). His famous essays include Hurry, Behind, Moonlight on the Lotus Pond and so on. This paper closely follows the word "hurry", describes the trace of the passage of time delicately, and expresses the author's helplessness and regret over the passage of time.
3. Understand this sentence:
(1) Swallows have gone, but they will come again. Willow withered, there is a time to green again; The peach blossom withered, but it blossomed again. But, smart, tell me, why are our days gone forever?
Parallelism shows that the prosperity of nature is the trace of time flying. "Why are our days gone forever?" Seemingly inquiring, it actually expresses the author's helplessness over the passage of time and deep nostalgia for the past days.
Imitation: when the sun goes down, it rises again; When the moon disappeared, it was round again; The tide receded and rose again.
(2) Like a drop of water on the tip of a needle in the sea, my days are dripping in the stream of time, without sound or shadow.
Metaphorical sentences. Compare your past 8,000 days to a drop of water on the tip of a needle, and compare the flow of time to the vast sea. I wrote that time passed so quickly, silently and without a trace, which showed the author's very helpless sadness.
Imitation: Like a grain of sand lying on the boundless beach, my days fall in the stream of time, and there is no sound and I can't find it.
(3) When washing hands, the days pass from the basin; When eating, the days pass from the rice bowl; When I was silent, I passed by my eyes.
Based on the details of people's daily life, the author shows that days come and go inadvertently in life.
Imitate 1: When chatting, the days passed like this; When writing, the days pass under the pen tip; Thinking about thinking, the days passed before frowning brows.
Imitation 2: Play and play, and the days will pass; When sleeping, the days pass by the pillow; When watching TV, the days pass day by day on the screen.
Imitation 3: when I walk, the days jump out of my lazy pace; When writing, the days pass by in my pen; When I play the piano, the days flow gently through my fingers.
(4) The past days are like light smoke, dispersed by breeze and evaporated by Chu Yang, such as mist; What traces did I leave?
Unique metaphor and novel association. The days are so short.
Imitation: The past days were like dew, evaporated by sunlight and contained by the sea like spring water.
The past days, like a rainbow, were covered by white clouds, like epiphyllum, and were sent away by the day.
(Synchronization Exercise P4)
In the days of flying away, I can be a happy bird, a free butterfly and a laughing elf.
In the fleeting days, what I can do is to look back on the past happiness and misfortune, what I can do is to look forward to the future happiness and joy, and what I can do is to grasp the limited today.
In the fleeting days, I can be a cool tree dedicated to people, a beautiful flower that adorns the world, and an unknown grass.
4. Recite the Song of Tomorrow.
5. Pay attention to the words that describe how time flies (vocabulary p5):
Time flies, the sun and the moon fly, meteors chase the moon, stars flow, fleeting, fleeting.
Blink of an eye, blink of an eye, instant, instant, instant, blink of an eye, instant.
6. Idioms about cherishing time: cherish time like gold, race against time, race against time, race against time.
A moment of money, a moment of time
7. Famous aphorisms about cherishing time:
(1) An inch of time is worth an inch of gold, but an inch of gold can't buy an inch of time.
(2) A year's plan lies in spring, and a day's plan lies in the morning.
(3) Black hair doesn't know how to study hard early, but it's too late to learn.
(4) Young people will be sad if they don't work hard.
(5) If you don't come back in your prime, it's hard to get up in the morning.
Lesson 3 "Redwood" (Writing Features: Metaphor by Things)
1, familiar with paragraphs 4, 13 and 14.
2, the understanding of the sentence:
(1) Strangely, he comes here irregularly, once every three days, once every five days, and sometimes once every ten days. The amount of water is not certain, sometimes more water, sometimes less water.
This sentence is about a strange way of planting trees. There are two strange things: first, the time of coming is uncertain, and it comes every three to five days; Second, the amount of watering is uncertain and the duration is short. The author compares the growth of saplings to the growth of human beings, and writes a seedling raising method that allows tree growers to "learn to find water in the land by themselves", which shows the significance of enduring the test of life and overcoming dependence in a difficult environment for human growth.
(2) Not only trees, but also people. People who live in uncertainty can stand the test of life and exercise an independent heart.
The "uncertainty" here refers to some unpredictable bumps, twists and turns and hardships in life. Only by enduring the ups and downs of life can you become a strong person and a successful person.
(3) The redwoods will not wither if the tree planters stop coming.
Because the purpose of planting trees is to make trees adapt to the environment, transform few nutrients into huge energy, stand the wind and rain, learn to find water in the land, take root deeply and grow sturdily. As the tree planter wishes, mahogany will not wither now, which shows that he has planted trees successfully.
Lesson 4 Top Bowl Boys
The Top Bowl Boy describes a thrilling acrobatic performance, which contains the philosophy that "failure is the mother of success".
Lesson 5 Fingers
Finger describes the posture and "character" of five fingers, and clarifies the truth that "unity is strength".
Review. Extended I
1, accumulate over a long period: the motto of life philosophy
(1) People are not born with knowledge. Who can have no doubt? Teacher theory
It means that no one understands. )
(2) muster, then decline, three and exhausted. Zuo zhuan
It means that things should be done in one go. )
(3) There is no beauty in the world. Mozi
That nothing is perfect. )
(4) Those who plant trees need to prune their roots, while those who plant virtues need to prune their hearts. workbook
Explain the truth of watering trees and roots, educating people and nourishing the heart. )
(5) Hold a thousand songs and then recognize the sound, watch a thousand swords and then recognize the instrument. Wenxindiaolong
It shows that it takes more practice to learn. )
2, toddler-metaphor blindly imitate others, not only can't learn skills, but also lose the original skills.
The theme of the second unit is the compilation of the topic "China Folk Custom". The five texts introduced the unique folk customs from different angles, reflecting the profoundness of China culture.
The Spring Festival in Beijing depicts holiday customs.
Tibetan opera is called the "living fossil" of Tibetan culture.
"Dwellings with their own characteristics" shows the distinctive features of Hakka earth buildings and Dai bamboo buildings, which are known as "wonders of world dwellings".
Hetian Uighurs introduced the open-minded and optimistic personality and interesting customs of Uighurs, who are good at singing and dancing.
Lesson 6 Beijing Spring Festival
(Writing characteristics: chronological, detailed and rough)
1, familiar with paragraphs 1, 2,7, 1 1, 12.
2. Author: Lao She. Formerly known as Shu Qingchun, Manchu, his masterpieces include Camel Xiangzi, My Life, Four Generations in a Family, Under the Red Flag and so on. Lao She's language style: Beijing flavor, easy to understand and humorous.
The Spring Festival in Beijing is written in chronological order. The article reproduces the old Beijingers' excitement and celebration of the Spring Festival.
Detailed arrangement of customs and habits in natural period
Early twelfth lunar month
Boil Laba porridge at the end of the year 1-6; Soak laba garlic; Eat sugar; Clean up; On the purchase of new year's goods
On New Year's Eve, every family lights up all night, guns are everywhere, and we have a family reunion dinner to celebrate the New Year in detail.
On the eighth day of the first lunar month, men go out to pay New Year greetings, women receive guests at home, and children visit temple fairs.
10 store opened on the sixth day; Men take turns visiting temple fairs, flyovers and opera houses.
Lantern Festival11-12 Watch lanterns, set off firecrackers and eat Yuanxiao.
On the 19th of the first month, Spring Festival travel rush 13 ended, children went to school and adults were busy.
Writing characteristics: The article wrote four parts in detail: Laba, New Year's Eve, the first day of junior high school and Yuanxiao. This paper introduces the custom of Spring Festival in old Beijing in detail, and highlights the key points and priorities to make the Spring Festival in Beijing more impressive.
The characteristics of various festivals can be summarized as follows:
New Year's Eve: celebration and reunion;
The first day: carefree and happy;
Fifteen: Prosperity and beauty.
4. Make sentences in the exercise book P 1 1 (make sentences with dotted parts of speech)
(1) It's raining. People are walking in the street with umbrellas. Looking down from a height, this is not an umbrella, but a flowing colorful mushroom.
(2) During the Spring Festival, I gave my father some gifts, almost just some thoughts.
5. Read the link:
There is only one sentence about "making New Year's Eve" and "having a reunion dinner" in "Clouds in Beijing", but Liang Shiqiu and Yu Si wrote it in detail.
"Chinese New Year" uses irony to vividly describe the busyness and excitement of the year, and integrates various customs and habits.
"New Year's Eve" wrote a festive and lively atmosphere with a strong lyrical color.
Three skimming texts
The writing characteristics of Tibetan opera: taking different aspects of things as the order, using metaphors, questions, symbols, exaggeration and other methods to explain things vividly. Tibetan opera is called the "living fossil" of Tibetan culture.
"Dwellings with their own characteristics" shows the distinctive features of Hakka earth buildings and Dai bamboo buildings, which are known as "wonders of world dwellings". Writing characteristics: an explanatory method that grasps the characteristics of things and narrates them.
Hetian Uighurs introduced the open-minded and optimistic personality and interesting customs of Uighurs, who are good at singing and dancing.
Explanation: Examples, figures, metaphors, comparisons, etc.
Review and expansion ii
1, accumulate over a long period
(1) "Yuanri" Wang Song Anshi
The roar of firecrackers, the old year has passed; The warm spring breeze ushered in the New Year, and people happily drank the newly brewed Tu Su wine. The rising sun sheds light on doors of each household, New peachwood charm is put up to replace the old.
(2) On August 15th, Guizi of Tianzhu Temple was repaired by Tang Piri.
Yu Xing got off the moon wheel and picked up the dew in front of the temple. So far, the sky doesn't exist, but Chang 'e should be thrown to people.
2. January is about the Spring Festival, and the Guizi in Tianzhu Temple is about the Mid-Autumn Festival on the evening of August 15th. The traditional festivals in China include Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Lantern Festival, Begging for Cleverness Festival and Double Ninth Festival.
The poems describing China's traditional festivals include: "Being in a foreign land, I miss my relatives twice every festival";
"There are many rains during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls."
3, different winds in a hundred miles, different customs in a thousand miles.
Unit 3 Theme "My Ideal". Five texts write the deeds of characters from different angles:
Li Dazhao was tortured after his arrest, but in the face of the enemy, he never turned back and was indomitable.
During the war of liberation, Hao, the deputy battalion commander, gave his life and died heroically for the follow-up troops in a battle.
Zhou Enlai, the founding prime minister, worked hard day and night for the development of new China.
Mao Zedong didn't specifically introduce Zhang Side's deeds in the article "Serving the People", but by looking up information, we can know that Zhang Side, a soldier, fought, spun yarn, burned charcoal, loved and dedicated his line, and sacrificed his young life to save his comrades.
The characters in this set of textbooks are in different periods, different posts and different deeds, but the belief of "serving the people" is the same. They even sacrificed their lives for the benefit of the people.
Lesson 10 Memories of Sixteen Years ago (Memoirs)
1, familiar with paragraphs 5, 7, 17, 19 and 22.
2. Memories of Sixteen Years ago tells the story of Li Dazhao in the order of before, when, in court and after the murder. Before his arrest, he wrote his father's burning documents and books, and the worker Yan Zhensan was arrested, reflecting the sinister form and the danger of the situation; When he was arrested, he wrote about the enemy's guilt, cruelty and his father's calmness; The court described Li Dazhao as calm and calm; After being killed, he wrote down the great grief of the whole family.
The article shows the great spirit of revolutionary martyrs' loyalty to the revolutionary cause and the noble quality of being firm and unyielding in the face of the enemy, and expresses the author's admiration and deep nostalgia for his father.
3. Understand this sentence:
(1) My father is very kind. He never scolds us, let alone hits us. I always like to ask my father a lot of childish and ridiculous questions. No matter how busy he is, he is always interested in my questions and always tells me patiently. This time, I don't know why my father gave me such a vague answer.
It can be seen from this sentence that my father is usually very kind and patient; This time, he answered me impatiently and vaguely, because the situation was very serious at that time, and it was not the time to talk to the children, so I couldn't make myself clear in a few words. Li Dazhao is very kind to his relatives and takes his work seriously. )
(2) The situation is getting more and more severe, and my father's work is getting more and more tense. His friends advised him to leave Beijing, and his mother advised him several times. The father said firmly to his mother, "Didn't I always tell you?" I can't leave Beijing easily. You need to know what time it is and how important the work here is. How can I leave? "Mother had to say nothing more.
Li Dazhao regards revolutionary work as more important than anything else. It shows his spirit of being highly responsible for the revolution. )
(3) In court, we met our father. Father still wears his old gray cotton gown, but he doesn't wear glasses. I saw his calm and kind face under his unkempt long hair.
It can be seen from this sentence that although my father was tortured by the enemy, he was still calm and kind. "No glasses" and "long and unkempt hair" indicate that the enemy has severely punished Li Dazhao, "calmness" indicates that Li Dazhao is still strong after suffering cruel torture, and "kindness" reflects Li Dazhao's love for his loved ones.
4. The connection between the last three natural paragraphs of the text and the beginning is: echo from beginning to end (front and back care).
The advantage of this writing is that the whole article is very compact, highlighting the author's deep memory of his father's murder and expressing his deep memory of his father.
1 1 lesson lighting (recalling the past)
This paper, like Memories of Sixteen Years ago, uses flashback technique, starting with the lights in Tiananmen Square, telling the past and ending with the lights. Take care of the beginning (echo from beginning to end), compact structure.
(In a hurry, Top Bowl Boy, the memories and lights of sixteen years ago are written like this. )
Lesson 12 "serving the people" (genre: argumentative)
1, recite the full text.
2. Serving the people is an argumentative paper, which generally contains three elements: argument, argument and argumentation. The author of this article is Mao Zedong, who delivered a speech in memory of Zhang Side. At the beginning of the article, it clearly put forward the purpose of China's * * * production party and its Eighth Route Army and New Fourth Army-to serve the people completely and thoroughly; Then combined with the current reality, this paper expounds how to serve the people comprehensively and thoroughly from three aspects:
First, establish the concept of life and death of "dying for the interests of the people is more important than Mount Tai";
Second, treat criticism correctly, adhere to the good and correct the wrong for the benefit of the people;
Third, do a good job in unity, overcome difficulties, improve courage, love each other and unite the whole people.
3. Understand this sentence:
(1) Our * * production party and the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army led by the * * * production party are revolutionary ranks. Our team is completely for the liberation of the people and works thoroughly for the interests of the people.
Point out the theme at the beginning of the article. The whole article shows that serving the people wholeheartedly is the fundamental purpose of the party and the revolutionary army.
The meaning of "complete": there is no other purpose except serving the people; "Thoroughness" means carrying it out to the end. This sentence means that our team will 100% serve the people at any time, no matter what work it does.
(2) Our cadres should care about every soldier, and everyone in the revolutionary ranks should care about, love and help each other.
This sentence means that people in the revolutionary ranks come together for a common goal. Therefore, cadres and soldiers should care for each other, love each other and help each other. Only in this way can we better unite and work together to achieve our goals.
4.P57 Question 3: * * *? What does each sentence mean? How are sentences connected?
Because we serve the people, we are not afraid of being criticized for our shortcomings. Whoever it is will point it out to us. As long as you are right, we will correct it. What you say is good for the people, so we will do as you say.
This passage ***4 sentences. The first sentence is talking (we welcome criticism), the second sentence is talking (we welcome anyone's criticism), and the third and fourth sentences are talking (we accept anyone's criticism as long as it is correct).
Sentences are closely related and their meanings are progressive. Through the analysis of the relevant words in this passage, we can further clarify that there is only one standard to measure whether criticism is correct, and that is whether it is in the interests of the people. Anyone who accepts correct criticism has only one purpose, that is, to serve the people.
5. Make sentences with related words:
Example 1: Because the class cadres serve the class, we are not afraid to criticize and correct our mistakes.
Exodus 2: Because excellent grades are hard earned, if you refuse to sweat, you can only shed tears.
6. Learn to write the parallelism sentences in the fourth section of this article.
Example 1: The meaning of life lies in persistent pursuit, unremitting efforts and tenacious struggle.
Exodus 2: Every young pioneer should study hard, exercise well and live a good life.
Exodus 3: During the six-year study and life in primary school, we have gained rich knowledge, sincere friendship and the joy of success.
Example 4: Teacher, in our hearts, you are a big tree, a mountain and the sea.