From Jia Dao's Farewell.
Don't be depressed, can you fatten your skin?
It is better to know why than why.
Don't hate less, don't hate hard to get rid of.
There is water in the south and flying fish in the north.
Fish fly to the North Sea and can send distant books.
I don't hesitate to send distant books, so my old friend is here?
Huashan is shaped like a mountain, which looks flat and rough in the distance.
Besides, being a few feet tall, I blocked his way to Wan Li.
Unless it is the sun and the moon, it is difficult to know the body.
① Depression: depression, melancholy, depression and knot. Depression and sadness accumulate in the chest.
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This five-character ancient poem, with the title of "Farewell", expresses the feelings of missing friends far away.
The whole poem is divided into three levels. The first layer, write miss friends, don't feel depressed. When the poet started writing, he wrote very vividly. He said that if people are depressed for a long time and have twists and turns in their stomachs, where can they gain weight! The image of language is profound. This not only shows the feeling of missing the old friend all day long, but also shows the close relationship and profound friendship between the poet and the old friend. Then, the poet compares the scenes with close contacts with friends with those with sparse relationships. On the surface, being too close is better than being far away. In fact, it emphasizes the "hard-to-get-rid" sense of parting caused by the close relationship with the old friend from the opposite side. Here, "beginning to know" means that the poet speaks from his own experience. At the same time, through the method of positive and negative contrast, it highlights the good impression on friends.
On the second floor, write missing friends, send books and send greetings. According to the old legend, carp can deliver letters. There is a saying in Gulefu's "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave": "Guests come from afar and leave me a pair of carp. Hu Er cooks carp with books in it. " Since then, there has been a saying of "fish book". Here, poets write landscapes with emotion. From missing the old friend to missing the flowing water in front of the door, from "South-to-North Water Diversion" to "Flying Fish to Travel North", and then from fish to sending distant books "When talking about fish, the poet used" flying "instead of" swimming ",which not only showed his rapid appearance, but also expressed the poet's desire to communicate with friends. The poet borrows legends and exerts his imagination, which makes people realize his yearning for friends, just like the "South-to-North Water Diversion". And he is eager for friends, how much he hopes that "North Flying Fish" can be delivered to distant books by express delivery. In this way, the emotional appeal of poetry has changed from initial yearning to longing.
On the third level, I miss my old friends and worry about my own survival. The poet inherited the above poems and thought it was ok to send him a book to greet him, but he didn't know if his friend was still alive. "Any old friends today?" Doubt is to express this feeling. This is also an inevitable psychological activity caused by excessive desire for friends. In ancient times, communication between relatives and friends was cut off due to inconvenient transportation. Therefore, poets write from space. "groggy", tall and handsome. It is true that Huashan is very high in terrain, but from a distance, it is just in line with the overgrown ground. This is because of the distance from the visual impression. Compared with this, the "few feet" friends across the "Wan Li Road" are even less conspicuous. Finally, the poet said in a helpless tone: "Without the sun and moonlight, it is difficult to know the son's body." The ending echoes the beginning "Don't be depressed". On the one hand, euphemistically pour out the heart songs that you don't hate, leaving your feelings; On the other hand, it also expresses deep concern for the old friend, implying infinite concern. At this point, the artistic conception of the poem changed from missing to caring.
This poem has its own outstanding artistic features. First of all, it writes the feelings of missing the old friend in a touching and tactful way, showing in detail the ups and downs of the poet's feelings when he misses the old friend. This is just like the poet's melancholy parting, with lingering thoughts and deep feelings. The second is to use the method of comparison. Compared with the estrangement, the deep intersection of poets, the old friends who are inseparable from each other, and the poets' eye for moonlight, the poets not only highlight the lyric content, but also enhance the emotional color of their expression.