Weather Proverbs are experiences about weather changes spread among the people in the form of idioms or ballads. China's weather proverbs have a long history, a vast territory and rich contents, many of which can be used to make long-term, medium-term and short-term weather forecasts.
They have a long history.
Our ancestors observed the weather changes in the struggle with nature and accumulated rich experience. As early as more than 3, years ago, there were many records about meteorology in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Ruins. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Xun Kuang pointed out that "the sky is always normal" in his "Theory of Heaven", which showed that the change of weather and climate has objective laws, and proposed to "control the destiny and use it", emphasizing that people should understand, utilize and transform nature. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Chong pointed out that "spring is wet, summer is hot, autumn is cool, winter is cold, and people have nothing to do, so it is natural in all seasons". The weather proverb "So it rains, ants migrate, earthworms come out, the strings are slow, and chronic diseases occur" is quoted in Lun Heng Change, which means that when it rains, ants will move, earthworms will come out of holes, the strings will become loose, and some old problems of the human body will occur. In Qi Min Yao Shu, Jia Silang of the Northern Wei Dynasty also described the weather proverb "The weather is sunny, and it will be frosty at night". Proverbs are also quoted in Tang poetry, such as "Sunny morning sun makes rain", which breaks the relationship between morning sun and rain; In Du Fu's poems, there is also a proverb about long-term weather changes, such as "cuckoo urges spring planting". After cuckoo calls, there will generally be no strong cold air influence. Moreover, some people have compiled weather proverbs about rainfall into "Xiang Colleen Chan". In the Song Dynasty, Shen Kuo also quoted weather proverbs in Meng Xi Bi Tan. Lou Yuanli of Ming Dynasty quoted many weather proverbs in Tian Jia Wu Xing, such as "A spring breeze brings summer rain", "A spring breeze brings an autumn rain", "A sunny winter in Chongyang" and so on. There are also proverbs about the relationship between "the wind on the ship" and "the drought in the summer", and "the plum rain is a Japanese ship. The trade wind is the trade wind along the southeast coast of China. At this time, the plum rain has passed. Although there is an easterly wind that sends the ship back for the first time, there will be no heavy rain, but it is just a summer drought that "looks at the sky from the back" under the control of the Pacific subtropical high. Xu Guangqi also recorded weather proverbs in the famous "Agricultural Administration Encyclopedia", and also used the weather as a long-term weather forecast. For example, "Lotus flower is called the water-based flower, which blooms before the summer solstice", which means that the lotus flower blooms before the summer solstice (too early) to indicate that there will be more rain in the future. There are also some weather proverbs recorded in some ancient books, such as Yue Ling Generalized, Feng Tu Ji, Tian Jia Zhi, Yueqing County Zhi, Bu Sui Heng Yan, Nong Hou Zazhan, etc. However, these written proverbs are only a small part, and most of them are only circulated among the people, so it is very meaningful to collect and sort them out.
Rich in content
Due to China's vast territory and different weather and climate, weather proverbs spread all over the country, from Heilongjiang in the north to the South China Sea Islands in the south, from the East China Sea in the east to Xinjiang and Tibet in the west. For example, Heilongjiang has "more cold spring rains in early winter"; There are many weather proverbs about typhoons in the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea, such as "Gulong basks in the sun, and soon the typhoon is crazy", and "Gulong basks in the sun" means that there is a bunch of orange yellow belts under the sun; There are also many proverbs about long-,medium-and short-term weather changes in the East China Sea. For example, in Zhoushan Islands, "When the lights are lit, the wind blows down" means that if there is a northerly wind from the 13th (when the lights are lit) to the 18th (when the lights are set) of the first month, it indicates that there will be typhoon influence when the early rice blooms or harvests in June and July. There are also many weather proverbs in Xinjiang and Tibet, such as "it snows heavily in winter, but it will be warm and windy in spring in the coming year" in southern Xinjiang, and "it will be windy and windy in spring and rainy in summer" in Tibet. The content of weather proverbs is very rich, and there are descriptions about the climate. Many places have "December songs" and "Jiujiu songs". For example, in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, there are "thunder in the first month, stars in February, thunder in March and April, rain in May, sunny in June, strong winds in July and August, frost in September and In the snow, and cold wave festivals in November and December"; In North China and Huanghuai areas, there are also "no shots in September and September, walking on the ice in March and April, watching willows along the river in May and June, opening rivers in July and September, geese coming in August and September, and plowing cattle everywhere in September and September". Some of them reflect the meteorological relationship. "It is warm after frost and cold after snow" is an example. Frost generally appears under the high pressure control after cold air attacks. After frost, it is mostly windy, sunny and sunny, which is naturally warmer. Snow is often produced when the front of cold air meets warm and humid air. The main force of cold air is still behind, and snow can absorb little solar radiation, which is one of the reasons why it is cold after snow. There are also many such proverbs, such as "hot wind, cold rain", "a spring rain, a warm", "an autumn rain, a cold (cool)" and so on, which have certain scientific reasons. Many proverbs are about long-term, medium-term and short-term weather changes. Among the proverbs about long-term weather changes, there are drought and flood, precipitation and cold and warm trends, precipitation process and cold air activities, as well as rice freezing, strong winds, hail and typhoons.
Proverbs about the wind
Wind is a flowing atmosphere, and the atmosphere is what we commonly call air. The wind comes from the north, from the south and from other directions. Because the geographical attributes of all aspects are inconsistent, the winds of different origins have its diverse characteristics. There is cold air and hot air; There is dry wind and wet wind. The wind blowing from the desert carries dust; The wind from the sea contains more water vapor. Therefore, in different winds, we have different feelings and can see different sky scenes. Furthermore, if two different winds meet, it is easy to conflict, and then you can see the sudden change of weather.
Wind is the most easily perceived phenomenon, so there are many proverbs about it.
* The east wind in the four seasons is Rain Mother. (Hunan)
* Dongfeng is a genius, and it will be cloudy if it doesn't go down. (Zaoyang, Hubei)
The rain in the temperate zone and its north-about 3°N-is mainly caused by cyclones. Cyclone always moves from west to east, and in front of it, northeast wind, east wind or southeast wind prevail. Therefore, when the cyclone is coming, the wind direction must be easterly. Therefore, the east wind can be regarded as a harbinger of the future cyclone. Because cyclone is a kind of storm, it is the main factor of rain in temperate regions, so we can see that blowing the east wind is a harbinger of rainy days.
* The east wind is all around, and I'm afraid it will make a noise. (Nanjing, Jiangsu)
* The easterly wind blew hard and it rained heavily. (Shanghai)
* East wind is urgent, prepare a hat. (Hubei)
* When the east wind is urgent, prepare a hat. When the wind is urgent in Yun Qi, the more urgent it will rain. (On the Wind in Tian Jia Wu Xing)
These words mean that the east wind doesn't necessarily rain, but it's terrible when it's strong. Since the easterly wind is very small, such an airflow must come from a very close place, perhaps it is the local airflow. All its properties must be consistent with the local environment, so it is rare for the weather to get worse. However, if the easterly wind is strong, it means that the easterly wind in front of the cyclone is an airflow from a distance, and there will be a discontinuity-front of the airflow to move locally, so the weather will change.
* southeast wind, dry and loose. (Jiangyin, Jiangsu)
* In May, the south wind was flooded, and in June, the south wind and the sea dried up. (Zhejiang, Guangdong)
* In May, the south wind drove the hoses; In June, the south wind and starry night are dry. (Guangdong)
* South wind in spring, with heavy rain; The south wind in summer is empty. (Jiangsu, Wuxi, Hubei Zhongxiang)
* It is sunny in the southwest in June. (Wuxi, Jiangsu)
* The south wind starts in June, with ten rushes and nine rushes. (Hubei)
"The sky is clean" means the weather is fine; "Rush" means mountain rush, and "ten rushes and nine rushes" means that nine out of ten mountain rushes are killed, and the drought is very serious.
This is a popular summer weather proverb in southeast coastal provinces. The southeast wind comes from the ocean. Why is it dry again? As we know, the decline of rain, on the one hand, of course, there must be a substance that condenses rain-water vapor; At the same time, there must be conditions to turn these water vapor into clouds and rain. This condition, in the summer in the southeast plain, depends on the convection of heat or the front activity between two airflow from different directions.
Thermal convection occurs because the ground is extremely hot, and the air in the ground layer rises upward due to the principle that it expands with heat and contracts with cold, which brings the water vapor on the ground to the upper air and cools it, causing clouds and rain. However, if the wind is too strong and the ground air flows too fast, it is impossible to concentrate on the ground and be subjected to strong heat, and it is impossible to make the ground water vapor rise. Also, in the pure southeast wind, due to the high-altitude sinking of its birthplace, there is often a phenomenon that the high altitude is inversely proportional to the low-altitude warmth; In this way, the air on the ground is difficult to rise. Therefore, although there is a lot of water vapor in the southeast wind, it is still impossible to cause rain. There is no sex and rain in summer, so the natural weather is very hot.
secondly, talk about front activities. The front is a conflict zone of two different air currents. One airflow is cold and heavy, and the other airflow is light and warm. These two airflows meet, and the light and warm airflow only rises. As a result, the ground water vapor was taken to the high altitude, causing clouds and rain. At present, there is only a southeast wind on the ground, indicating that there is no other northerly airflow to collide with it and form a front, so the water vapor can't rise and clouds and rain occur.
* northeast wind, rain is too big. (On Wind in Tian Jia Wu Xing)
The northeast wind is an air flow that originates from the northern ocean surface or passes over the long-distance ocean surface, and naturally contains less water vapor than the southeast wind; However, because it is a cold air flow, the lower part of it touches the southern, relatively hot ocean surface or land surface, which makes it cold on the upper part and warm on the lower part, resulting in convection. As a result, the water vapor on the ground was brought to the sky and sex happened.
in addition, the front of the cyclone must be the place where the northeast wind moves, so there is frontal precipitation again.
according to the statistical results, in the pure northeast wind, the chance of rain is only 26% in winter and only 11% in summer, which means that there are 74% and 89% chances of no rain. If it is in the northeast wind in front of the cyclone, that is, the northeast wind zone with active front, the chance of rain will exceed that of sunny day. Therefore, the proverb' northeast wind, rain is too great' is not necessarily completely reliable.
* East wind in spring, ancestors in rain. (Changzhou, Jiangsu)
* East wind in spring, and the rain is gurgling. (Guangdong)
These two proverbs mean that the east wind blows in spring, which is a precursor to bad weather. This is because, on the one hand, the ground warms strongly in spring. On the other hand, the warm air is gradually active, the pressure on the mainland is gradually reduced, and the anticyclone moves eastward into the sea. An easterly wind will appear at the tail of the anticyclone. These easterly winds flow to warmer land, resulting in the phenomenon that it is warm under and cold on. At this time, the air layer is unstable and prone to upward convection, so it is very likely to produce precipitation.
* East wind rains three days a day; The east wind came to nothing on the third day. (Guixian, Guangxi)
* East wind rains three days a day; Three days of east wind and nine days of eyes. (Wuchang, Hubei)
* East wind rains three days a day; No rice is cooked in the east wind for three days. (Guangxi)
"Cooking without rice" is the result of drought and no rain. The cyclone moved from west to east, and the east wind was in front of it, but it blew soon, and because of the cyclone's progress, it turned to another wind direction. Therefore, the east wind blows for only one day, or less than one day, and the wind direction changes, indicating that a cyclone is approaching, so it may rain for three days. If the east wind blows for three days without rest, it means that there is no cyclone approaching in the west, so there is no rain in this place.
proverbs about clouds
clouds are dense drops of water or ice suspended in the sky. It can rain or snow from the clouds. Anyone who has experience in weather changes knows that what clouds hang in the sky means what weather there is. Therefore, clouds are the appearance of weather, and the shape of sky clouds can show the dynamics of weather changes in a short time. Cloud is a phenomenon that can be seen directly with the naked eye, so there are the most proverbs about it, which are more in line with scientific principles.
fog is also a dense water drop or ice drop suspended in the sky. There is no difference between fog and clouds in terms of existing entities. But judging from the reasons for their formation and the environment in which they appear, they are two different things. The bottom of the fog layer is close to the ground, so it can be seen that the fogged air layer has not undergone upward movement, and the cooling process necessary for water vapor condensation is carried out in the air layer that is stable on the ground. This means that in foggy weather, the atmosphere is stable, and the atmospheric instability of clouds is just the opposite. The weather that finally evolved is just the opposite. Cloudy weather is mainly rainy, and foggy weather is basically sunny. Similarly, fog is a phenomenon visible to the naked eye, so there are many proverbs about fog.
* it's foggy in the morning, and it's sunny all day. (Luanxian County, Hebei Province)
* Ten fogs and nine sunny days. (Shangqiu, Henan Province)
* One fog and three eyes. (wei county, Hebei)
* The fog is poisonous to the sun. (Changzhou, Jiangsu)
* Get up early in the morning, the fog will dew, and the gourd will be broken at noon. (Cangxian County, Hebei Province)
The fog in the morning is the product of radiation and heat dissipation on the ground last night. Because the sky was clear and the ground heat was smooth and divergent all night, the water vapor in the ground air became saturated and condensed into fog drops. It can be seen that the weather will clear up first, and then it will be foggy. Morning is the time when the lowest temperature occurs between day and night. Since the temperature is the coldest, the fog is also the thickest at this time. In addition, as soon as the sun comes out, due to the ultraviolet radiation on the oxygen in the air, part of the oxygen becomes ozone. This small amount of ozone will make many dust in the air (mostly combustion products, such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, etc.) enhance their water absorption capacity. Therefore, the fog curtain in the morning is suddenly thickened. However, the sun rises, the heat is strengthened, the ground becomes too hot, and the lower air will rise, so the fog drops will dissipate. In this way, the temporary thickening of fog in the morning is also the result of cloudless sky and clear weather.
* Clouds cover the sky at night, and shoes are worn in the morning; It's foggy in the morning, just wash your clothes and pants. (Hunan)
Clouds cover the sky at night, so there is no dew or frost on the ground in the morning. So go out in the morning without rain boots. This is because the clouds in the sky can protect the ground from heat dissipation. With clouds at night, it won't be very cold in the morning, and the water vapor sticking to the ground won't condense into dew or frost, so the ground is clean.
the ground is covered with fog in the morning, and the weather is guaranteed to be good, so just wash your clothes and pants. Fog is the product of sunny days. If there is fog, it must be sunny.
* the fog is not more than three. (Hunan)
* The fog will last only three days, after three or eighteen days. (Hebei)
* If the fog is thick for three days, there will be a strong wind. (Huhehe Zhite)
* Where there is heavy fog for three days, there will be heavy rain. (Century of the Emperor)
There are many kinds of fog, and the causes of all kinds of fog are different. However, what can be called fog and can happen for three days in a row is probably low radiation fog, sea fog, or tropical airflow fog.
low radiation fog occurs under clear weather in the center of high pressure. Therefore, on foggy days, the daytime temperature is very high, and the high temperature leads to low air pressure. If the weather continues to be fine for three or four days, the local air pressure will be greatly reduced, so the airflow from other places will blow here and the weather will change.
fog is called sea fog if it occurs in ocean airflow. Because this air flow comes from the ocean, the temperature is extremely warm and the humidity is extremely high, and then the local air pressure will gradually decrease and the weather will change.
in autumn and winter, tropical airflow often blows to the north. Because the ground is cold at this time, the air close to the ground is also