Sun Ce (175-May 5, 200 [1]?), courtesy name Bofu, was born in Fuchun, Wu County (now Fuyang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang). The eldest son of Sun Jian and the eldest brother of Sun Quan, Emperor Wu. A warlord who separatized the Jiangdong area in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He was one of the heroes of the late Han Dynasty and one of the founders of Sun Wu.
In the second year of Xingping (195), Sun Ce obtained permission from Yuan Shu to cross the Yangtze River eastward, attack Fan Neng and Yu Mi, and then attack Zhang Ying at Danglikou. Using Qu'a as a stronghold, he fought a decisive battle with Liu Yao, the governor of Yangzhou, and defeated Liu Yao.
In the first year of Jian'an (196), he led his troops to attack Wang Lang of Kuaiji and Yan Baihu of Wu County. In the second year of Jian'an (197), after Yuan Shu usurped the throne and proclaimed himself emperor, Sun Ce broke with Yuan Shu.
In the summer of the same year, he was appointed by the imperial court as the Cavalry Commander, succeeding his father, Marquis of Wucheng, and serving as the prefect of Kuaiji. In the third year of Jian'an (198), the imperial court appointed Sun Ce as the general against rebellion and was granted the title of Marquis of Wu. In the fourth year of Jian'an (199), Sun Ce defeated Lujiang Governor Liu Xun and Liu Biao's general Huang Zu. At the beginning of the fifth year of Jian'an (200), Jiangdong was unified after capturing Yuzhang County.
In April of the same year, Sun Ce was injured by an assassin while hunting with Dan Tu, and died soon after. He was only 26 years old. His younger brother Sun Quan took over Sun Ce's power, and after proclaiming himself emperor, Sun Ce was posthumously named King Huan of Changsha.
Extended information:
Life of Sun Ce
1. Becoming famous at a young age:
The first year of Emperor Zhongping of the Han Dynasty (184) , Sun Ce's father Sun Jian was recommended by Zhu Jun to serve as an assistant to Sima to attack the Yellow Turban Army. Sun Ce and his family stayed in Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Huainan City, Anhui Province).
Sun Ce made friends with celebrities in Shouchun when he was a teenager, and his reputation gradually spread. Zhou Yu, a native of Shu County (now southwest of Lujiang, Anhui), admired Sun Ce's name and made a special trip to Shouchun to visit him. Zhou and Sun were both of the same age, and both young men were ambitious and outstanding. Therefore, as soon as they met in Shouchun, they felt like old friends and treated each other sincerely.
In the sixth year of Zhongping (189), Sun Jian went to attack Dong Zhuo. Zhou Yu persuaded Sun Ce to move to Shu County (now southwest of Lujiang County, Anhui Province) with his mother and younger brother, and Sun Ce agreed. In Shu County, Sun Ce made friends with many high-ranking figures in society, and celebrities from the Jiang and Huai areas came to seek refuge with him.
In the second year of Chuping (191), Sun Jian was killed by Huang Zu, a subordinate of Liu Biao, the herdsman of Jingzhou, because he attacked Jingzhou. Sun Ce was seventeen years old at the time. After burying his father Sun Jian in Qu'a (now Danyang City, Jiangsu Province), Sun Ce's family moved to Jiangdu (now Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province).
2. Defection to Yuan Shu:
In the fourth year of Chuping (193), after the end of his filial piety, Sun Ce went to Shouchun to find Yuan Shu to recover his father Sun Jian’s old ministry achievements and achievements. Avenge your father. Yuan Shu listened to his words and observed his behavior, and knew that he was capable of bending and stretching, which was very remarkable. But he was unwilling to return Sun Jian's old troops to him immediately so that he could stand on his own feet.
So Yuan Shu said: "I have appointed your uncle Wu Jing as the governor of Danyang and your cousin Sun Bi as the captain. Danyang is a place where elite soldiers are sent out. You can go to them and summon them. "The soldiers are brave."
Because Xuzhou Mu Tao Qian was very afraid of Sun Ce, and Sun Ce's uncle Wu Jing was now the governor of Danyang, so Sun Ce moved his mother to Qu'a and joined Wu Jing together with Lu Fan and Sun He. And relied on Wu Jing to recruit hundreds of people. Later, he attacked the bandit Zulang in Jingxian County (now Jingxian County, Xuancheng City, Anhui Province) and beat Zulang away.
Yuan Shu was capricious and often broke his promises. He once promised to appoint Sun Ce as the governor of Jiujiang, but later he appointed one of his own cronies, Chen Ji from Danyang, to take the post. Sun Ce was disappointed with this. Later, when Yuan Shu was preparing to attack Xuzhou, he asked Lu Kang, the prefect of Lujiang (Zhishu County, southwest of today's Lujiang, Anhui) for 30,000 hu of army rations. Lu Kang refused to give it, and Yuan Shu was furious.
Sun Ce had visited Lu Kang before when he was in Shu County. Lu Kang looked down on Sun Ce and only asked his chief clerk to receive him and did not come out to see him. For this, Sun Ce held a grudge.
Yuan Shu sent Sun Ce to attack Lu Kang, and promised: "I used Chen Ji by mistake before, and I often regretted that I used the wrong person. If you can capture Lu Kang this time, Lujiang County will truly belong to It's all yours." Sun Ce was ordered to attack and capture Lujiang County. But Yuan Shu appointed his old subordinate Liu Xun as the governor of Lujiang, which made Sun Ce even more disappointed with Yuan Shu.
3. Starting a business in Jiangdong:
In the first year of Xingping (194), Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty sent Liu Yao as the governor of Yangzhou. The former administrative seat of Yangzhou was Shouchun, but Shouchun has been Occupied by Yuan Shu, Liu Yao crossed the Yangtze River south with the assistance of Sun Ce's uncle Wu Jing and cousin Sun Bi and established a government office in Qu'a.
This time Sun Ce attacked Lujiang, Liu Yao was worried because he knew that Wu Jing and Sun Bi were appointed by Yuan Shu, and they were Sun Ce's own people. He was worried that they would join forces with Yuan Shu and Sun Ce to annex him, so They used force to drive them away, and Wu Jing and Sun Ben had to retreat to Liyang (now He County, Anhui).
Liu Yao sent his subordinates Fan Neng and Yu Mi to station in Hengjiang County, and Zhang Ying to station in Danglikou to confront Yuan Shu. Yuan Shu appointed his old subordinate Hui Qu as the governor of Yangzhou and Wu Jing as the governor Zhonglang General. Together with Sun Ben, he led troops to attack Zhang Ying, but failed to conquer it for several years.
Zhu Zhi, the commander-in-chief of Wu Commandery, was an old subordinate of Sun Jian. He used to be Sun Jian’s captain. When Taifu Ma Rixi was in Shouchun, he appointed Zhu Zhi as his adjutant, and later he was appointed as the adjutant of Wu Commandery. County captain. He found that Yuan Shu's political integrity was not established, so he persuaded Sun Ce to take advantage of the opportunity to take over Jiangdong. So Sun Ce went to see Yuan Shu.
Sun Ce said to Yuan Shu: "My family has been very kind to the people of Jiangdong in the past. I am willing to lead troops to help my uncle conquer Hengjiang.
After Hengjiang is conquered, I can also recruit soldiers locally, and I can probably recruit soldiers there. Recruit 30,000 people. At that time, I will lead them to help you pacify the world and achieve great success."
Yuan Shu knew that Sun Ce was dissatisfied with him, but he believed that Liu Yao occupied Qu'a and Wang Lang occupied Kuaiji. Sun Ce might not be able to achieve anything, so he agreed to his request and reported to the imperial court that he appointed Sun Ce as the captain of Zhechong, acting as the general to kill the bandits. He was only equipped with more than a thousand soldiers and corresponding military supplies, and dozens of horses. Among the guests, there were hundreds of people who were willing to follow.
People continued to come to Sun Ce along the way. By the time Wu Jing was stationed in Liyang, Sun Ce's troops had grown to five or six thousand. Sun Ce's mother had moved from Qu'a to Liyang, and Sun Ce moved his mother to Fuling.
Then he crossed the river and went to fight. The situation was overwhelming, and no one dared to fight him. Moreover, the military orders were very strict, and the people all relied on him. Sun Ce likes to decorate his appearance, is good at talking and laughing, has an open-minded and cheerful personality, is willing to accept opinions, and is good at employing people. Therefore, soldiers and people treat him with all their heart and are willing to die for him.
4. Breaking with Yuan Shu:
In the second year of Jian'an (197), Yuan Shu took possession of the imperial seal and formally proclaimed himself emperor. Sun Ce wrote to Yuan Shu, urging him not to do so, but Yuan Shu refused to listen. After being persuaded, the two broke off their relationship and had no contact with each other again. In the same year, Cao Cao sent Yilang Wang Xiang to Sun Ce with the imperial edict from Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, appointing him as the Cavalry Commander, succeeding his father as Marquis of Wucheng, and concurrently as the Prefect of Kuaiji, and ordered him to join Lu Bu, Chen Yu and others to attack Yuan Shu.
Sun Ce felt that he commanded so many soldiers and horses, and his position as a cavalry captain was a bit low, so he wanted to get the title of general. So he sent someone to reveal this intention to Wang Pu, who immediately declared Sun Cequan to be the general of the Ming and Han Dynasties in the name of the emperor.
At that time, Chen Yu's army was stationed in Haixi (now Donghai, Jiangsu). Sun Ce reorganized his troops and horses according to the imperial edict, and was going to meet with Lu Bu and Chen Yu to plan military aircraft and participate in the situation. But when he led his army to Qiantang, the situation changed. It turned out that Chen Yu wanted to take the opportunity to seize Sun Ce's territory.
He sent people to cross the river secretly and took more than thirty seals to the commanders Zulang and Jiao Ji in Danyang, Xuancheng, Jingxian, Lingyang, Shi'an, Yixian, Shexian and other places. As well as Wucheng Yan Baihu and others from Wu Commandery, they were asked to serve as internal responders, and they would immediately attack Sun Ce's counties as soon as Sun Ce's troops moved out.
Sun Ce discovered this conspiracy and was furious. He sent Lu Fan and Xu Yi to lead troops to attack Haixi, defeated Chen Yu, and captured more than 4,000 of his soldiers, wives and children. Chen Yu fled north to Yuan Shao.
In the third year of Jian'an (198), Sun Ce sent Xu Kun to drive away Yuan Yin, the governor of Danyang sent by Yuan Shu, and pacified various places east of Xuancheng. He welcomed Wu Jing, who had just returned from Yuan Shu, to serve as the governor of Danyang. Afterwards, Sun Ce personally attacked the west of Danyang Jingxian County. He first attacked Lingyang (southeast of today's Qingyang County, Anhui Province) and captured Zulang, and then attacked Yongli (now northwest of Jingxian County, Anhui Province) and captured Taishi Ci, who proclaimed himself the prefect of Danyang.
After Sun Ce pacified Danyang and returned to Wu Commandery, he worshiped Tai Shici as Zhechong Zhonglang General, and appointed Zulang as his thief cao. At this time, Zhou Yu, who had been appointed by Yuan Shu before, was the governor of Juchao, and Lu Su was the governor of Dong County. However, they knew that Yuan Shu would never be a great weapon. When Sun Ce was pacifying Danyang, they abandoned their official posts and crossed the river to join Sun Ce. Sun Ce went to meet Zhou Yu in person and paid homage to Jian. General Wei Zhonglang immediately sent 2,000 more troops and fifty horses to Zhou Yu.
He also encouraged Zhou Yu to use military bands and built palaces and residences. The gifts he gave were unparalleled in the army. In the same year, Sun Ce also contributed gifts to the Han court, twice the size of the first year of Jian'an. The Han court appointed him as a general against rebellion and named him Marquis of Wu.
5. Attack on Lujiang:
In the fourth year of Jian'an (199), Sun Ce was preparing to join forces with Cao Cao, Dong Cheng, and Liu Zhang to attack Liu Biao and Yuan Shu, who was at the end of Qiannu. The army was ready to go. But Yuan Shu fell ill and died. After Yuan Shu's death, Yuan Shu's subordinates Yang Hong and Zhang Xun wanted to defect to Sun Ce, but they were intercepted by Liu Xun, the prefect of Lujiang, and they were all captured.
Yuan Shu's cousin Yuan Yin, son-in-law Huang Yi and others were also frightened by Cao Cao's power and did not dare to guard Shouchun. They carried Yuan Shu's coffin and led Yuan Shu's family and men and women. He went to Wancheng to join Liu Xun. Sun Ce used humble words and treasures to persuade Liu Xun to attack Shangliao. After Liu Xun made his trip. Sun Ce led his army to surround Liu Xun's base camp, Wancheng, and captured it in one fell swoop.
Subsequently defeated Huang She (son of Huang Zu) who rescued Liu Xun. On December 8, Sun Ce advanced to Shaxian (now north of Jiayu County, Hubei Province) where Huang Zu was stationing troops. Liu Biao sent his nephew Liu Hu and Nanyang native Han Xi to lead a spear team of 5,000 people to support Huang Zu.
On the 11th, Sun Ce led Zhou Yu, Lu Fan, Cheng Pu, Sun Quan, Han Dang, Huang Gai and others to attack Huang Zu's army at the same time. In the end, Huang Zu escaped alone, and seven of his wives, concubines and children were captured by Sun Ce. , Liu Hu, Han Xi and more than 20,000 of their troops were killed, and more than 10,000 people jumped into the water and drowned. Sun Ce captured more than 6,000 warships, and their property piled up like mountains.
6. Unify Jiangdong:
At the beginning of the fifth year of Jian'an (200), Sun Ce marched eastward to Yuzhang after defeating Huang Zu and garrisoned in Jiaoqiu (north of Xinjian County, Jiangxi). Yu Fan said: "Hua Xin is well-known in the world, but he is by no means my opponent. If he does not surrender early, it will be inevitable that the golden drum will shake in the future and the war will begin, and people will be devastated. Go to the city first and tell me what I mean. Tell him."
Yu Fan took the order and went into the city. When he saw Hua Xin, the prefect of Yuzhang, he explained his interests and the city surrendered.
Because Liu Yao died of illness in Yuzhang, Sun Ce took Liu Yao's coffin home for burial, and also brought back his orphan Liu Ji and other disciples. This move was praised by Wang Lang's letter. Sun Ce left the Central Guard Zhou Yu to guard Baqiu, and sent Taishi Ci as the captain of Jianchang to control the sea and resist Liu Pan, so that Liu Pan did not dare to invade.
At this time, Yuan Shao's power was becoming stronger, and Sun Ce had annexed Jiangdong. Cao Cao was no longer able to look east, and sighed: "It's hard to compete with him!" and planned to appease Sun Ce. So he betrothed his younger brother's daughter to Sun Ce's younger brother Sun Kuang, and married Sun Ben's daughter for his son Cao Zhang. He used gifts to recruit Sun Ce's younger brothers Sun Quan and Sun Yi, and ordered Yan Xiang, the governor of Yangzhou, to recommend Sun Quan as a talented person.
7. Assassination:
In the fifth year of Jian'an (200), Cao Cao and Yuan Shao faced off in Guandu. Sun Ce secretly planned to attack Xuchang and welcome Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, so he secretly reorganized the army. , deploy generals. On April 4 of the same year, Sun Ce was hunting in Dantu Mountain. He was riding a fast horse, and the retinue of cavalry was left far behind.
At this time, he suddenly met three people. These three people were the youngest sons and retainers of Xu Gong, the prefect of Wu County who was killed by Sun Ce. Sun Ce asked: "Who are you?" The three people replied: "We are soldiers of Handang, shooting deer here." Sun Ce said: "I know all the soldiers of Handang, and I have never seen you." After speaking, he shot an arrow at one of them, and the man fell down with the sound of the bowstring.
The remaining two people panicked and immediately bent their bows and arrows and shot at Sun Ce. Sun Ce was hit by an arrow in the cheek. At this time, the retinue and cavalry behind found Sun Ce and killed all the assassins. Sun Ce was seriously injured and knew that he would die soon, so he asked Zhang Zhao and others to ask him about the future: "The Central Plains is in great chaos. With the troops of Wu and Yue and the danger of the three rivers, we can see the success or failure of the tiger's fight. You have to Help my brother well!"
He called Sun Quan and handed him the seal and ribbon, saying to him: "Lead the troops in Jiangdong to fight decisively between the two formations, and fight for balance in the world. You are not as good as me; Let the virtuous and capable people do their best to protect Jiangdong. I am not as good as you." Sun Ce died at night at the age of twenty-six. After Sun Quan ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor, he posthumously named Sun Ce "King Huan of Changsha". A temple was built for Sun Ce in the south of Zhuque Bridge in Jianye. Later, Prince Sun He was sent to offer sacrifices in person.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Sun Ce