Superior Wang Changling
Wang Changling, Yu Shaobo, a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, was born in about the first year of Wu Zetian's holy calendar (698) and died in about the fifteenth year of Xuanzong Tianbao (756).
There are many versions of Wang Changling’s birthplace. Besides Taiyuan, there are also two versions: Jiangning and Jingzhao. "New Tang Book" and "Tang Poetry Chronicle" say that he was from Jiangning, but there is no direct information. This is probably because Wang Changling was called "Wang Jiangning" by his contemporaries. Wang Changling once served as the prime minister of Jiangning. Li Zhao's "National History Supplement" and Pei Jing's "Hanlin Scholar Li Gong's Tombstone" both call him Wang Jiangning. He is the same as Song Kaogong, Wei Suzhou, Wang Youcheng, etc., and Song, Wei, and Wang all call him Wang Jiangning. It is based on the official title, so Yujiang Ning is also called by the official title, not by the official title.
The "Old Book of Tang Dynasty" originally said that King Yun Changling was from Jingzhao (i.e. Chang'an, Xijing of the Tang Dynasty, today's Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province), probably because he said in the poem "Farewell to Lipu's Capital": "My hometown is now "In the West of Ba Ling", there is also the work "Ba Shang Leisurely Residence". Many Shanxi poets in the Tang Dynasty traveled frequently to Luoyang and Chang'an because they were the cultural centers at that time, and some even lived in the capital for many years. We cannot say that they are from the capital just because they lived in the capital. "Collection of Heroes in Heyue" is a Tang poetry collection compiled by Yin Fan of the Tang Dynasty. It is said that Wang Changling was from Taiyuan, which is credible. Therefore, "The Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty" based on "Collection of Heroes in Heyue", it is believed that Wang Changling was from Taiyuan. Now most people also think that He is from Taiyuan.
The original biography of "Tangshu" does not record the time when Wang Changling became a Jinshi, nor does Xu Song's "Entertainment Records". "The Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty" says that he was a Jinshi in the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan (727). The poet Gu Kuang of the Tang Dynasty said in his "Preface to the Collection of Supervisory Censor Chu Gong" that in the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan "he was promoted to Chang Jian Shaofu and Wang Longbiao Changling. These people were all outstanding at that time." Gu Kuang's preface is definitely accurate. After Wang Changling passed the imperial examination and passed the imperial examination, he was appointed as secretary of the provincial school. Since ancient times, the school's editors have been appointed by literary scholars, and they are very important in the world. Therefore, scholars call the school's school the Zhi family's collection room and the Penglai Mountain of Taoism. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), Wang Changling chose the erudite and macroci subject, which was outstanding among others, so he was appointed as the captain of Sishui County.
Based on Wang Changling's poems and essays, Mr. Zhan Jing proved that he was demoted to Lingnan in the 27th year of Kaiyuan (739). This is a new discovery that has not been seen in historical records, as detailed in "Li Bai's Poetry and Prose Series". In the twenty-eighth year of Kaiyuan (740), Wang Changling returned to the north, visited Xiangyang, and visited the famous poet Meng Haoran. Meng Haoran suffered from gangrene and was about to recover. The two were very happy after meeting. However, the disease relapsed due to drinking too much and he died of it. During this period, Wang Changling met the great poet Li Bai and wrote "Baling Sends Li Twelve" poetry. It was a great pleasure for Wang Changling to meet the first-class poets at that time, such as Meng Haoran and Li Bai. Unfortunately, the first meeting with Meng Haoran ended in eternal farewell, and the meeting with Li Bai was on the way to demotion. At that time, Li Bai was exiled Yelang.
In the winter of the twenty-eighth year of Kaiyuan (740), Wang Changling left Beijing and went to Jiangning to take office. At this time, he had already met the famous poet Cen Shen. Cen Shen wrote the poem "Send Wang Dachangling to Jiangning", and Wang Changling also wrote poems. Stay farewell. When passing through Luoyang, he also made friends with poets such as Qi Wuqian and Li Qi, and they also wrote poems.
Wang Changling was a great poet of his generation, but very little information has been handed down. In addition to being demoted to Lingnan as mentioned above, he was also demoted before. The specific time and reason are not clear. "The Biography of Zhan Caizi" said that he "did not pay attention to details during the night, and the slander and discussion were boiling, and he wandered into the wild". "Heyue Yingling Collection" said that he "experienced the wilderness again", and the original biography of "Old Tang Book" also said that he "did not protect his meticulous conduct and was often criticized". It seems that the poet was repeatedly criticized and his career was extremely unsatisfactory.
What is even more tragic is that Wang Changling later failed to retain even such a small position as Long Biaowei. He left office and detoured to Haozhou, where he was killed by the governor Lu Qiuxiao. . "The Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty" records: Wang Changling "returned to his hometown at the time of sword fire, and was killed because of the jealousy of the governor Lu Qiu Xiao. Later Zhang Hao marched to Henan, and during the Xiao Yan period, he killed him, resigned to be close to the old man, and begged for forgiveness. Hao said: "Who does Wang Changling want to marry?" Xiaoda gradually became depressed. Zhang Hao, who had always been sympathetic to the poet, finally avenged Wang Changling.
Wang Changling was a famous poet in the poetry circle of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He was so famous at that time that he was called "Wang Jiangning, the Master of Poets". Because the name of the poem was published early, he had many friendships with famous poets at that time and had deep friendships. In addition to the friendships with Li Bai and Meng Haoran mentioned above, he also had friendships with Gao Shi, Qi Wuqian, Li Qi, Cen Can, Wang Zhihuan, and Wang Wei. , Chu Guangxi, Chang Jian, etc. all have friendships. Because he was demoted several times, he lived in the remote Lingnan and western Hunan. He also traveled to the more economically developed Central Plains and southeastern regions. He also traveled to the northwest frontier, and may even have been to Suiye (in today's Kyrgyzstan). Because he has rich life experience and extensive contacts, it is of great benefit to his poetry creation. Wang Changling was good at seven-character quatrains and was called the Seven-Character Master by later generations. For example, the poem "Crossing the Fortress": "The Qin Dynasty was a bright moon and the Han Dynasty was a pass, and the people who marched thousands of miles have not yet returned. But the flying generals of Dragon City are here, and they don't teach Hu Ma to cross the Yin Mountains." Lamenting the incompetence of the guard general, the artistic conception is broad, the emotion is deep, and it has the meaning of ancient and modern times. The spirit of the poem is indeed a treasure in ancient poetry, and is known as the masterpiece of the seven unique works of the Tang Dynasty. Another example is "Joining the Army", etc., which are also popular masterpieces. "Chang Xin Qiu Ci" and "Xi Gong Spring Resentment", which reflect the misfortunes of the palace maids, have a sad style and superior artistic conception. "Brother's Resentment" and "Lotus Picking Song" express the feelings of missing women and the innocence of girls. The writing style is delicate and vivid. Fresh and beautiful. The farewell work "Farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Tower" is also an eternal masterpiece.
Shen Deqian's "Tang Poetry Collection" said: "Longbiao's quatrains are full of deep feelings and resentment, and their meaning is vague. It makes people unpredictable and endless."
Yan Qiuxiao killed Wang Changling because of his jealousy. It has caused great damage to ancient Chinese poetry and is the eternal sinner of the Chinese nation.
According to the original biography of "Old Book of Tang" and "New Book of Tang·Yiwenzhi", it is known that Wang Changling collected five volumes. The original version handed down from the Tang Dynasty is difficult to find today. "Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty" collects Wang Changling's poems. Four volumes, "Complete Tang Dynasty" contains six articles. These are the only poems and articles of Wang Changling that can be seen at present.
Attachment: Selected Poems of Wang Changling
Going out of the fortress (Part 1)
The bright moon of Qin Dynasty and the Pass of Han Dynasty, the people who marched thousands of miles have not yet returned.
But the flying generals of Dragon City are here, and Huma is not taught to cross the Yin Mountain.
Go out of the fortress, a title of ancient military songs. Longcheng, formerly known as Lucheng, was the county seat of Beiping County in the Tang Dynasty (right Beiping County in the Han Dynasty). The two sentences "Qin Shi Mingyue" are intertwined. The poet pulls the camera back to the Qin and Han Dynasties. In order to arouse people's imagination and association of the infinite history and the infinite space, it shows that wars have never stopped from ancient times to the present, and the conquest of people has never stopped. There is no end to hard work and sacrifice. The last two sentences lament the general's incompetence. Shen Deqian's "Shuo Shi Zu Yu" says: "In the Qin Dynasty, when there was a bright moon, whoever came forward won the prize but did not say how wonderful it was. Master Gai Yan was exhausted and failed to achieve success. Because the general was not his, he had to fly to the general to prepare for the border. The beacon at the edge is extinguished. "
Marching to the Army (Part 4)
The snow-capped mountains in Qinghai are covered by long clouds, and the lonely city looks out to Yumen Pass.
The yellow sand will wear golden armor in a hundred battles, and Loulan will never be returned until it is broken.
Xing, a genre of poetry, Congjunxing, ancient Yuefu inscriptions about military life. Wang Changling *** wrote seven poems in "Congjunxing", and this is the fourth. This poem reflects the heroic ambition of the border guards to kill the enemy and defend the country. The first two sentences of the poem describe the border scenery to exaggerate the atmosphere of war. The last two sentences summarize the brutal war life that the border guards have participated in for a long time and their determination to defeat the enemy. The magnificent scenery outside the Great Wall is integrated with the magnificent ambitions of the soldiers, with a majestic spirit and a majestic style. "The yellow sand will wear golden armor in a hundred battles, and Loulan will never be returned until it is destroyed." is often used to express the heroic spirit and strong will of killing enemies and defending the country. Dai Shulun, a poet of the mid-Tang Dynasty, wrote a majestic poem: "If I wish to live long enough to serve the country, why should I be born in Yumen Pass?" These two lines have the same meaning but the same purpose.
Song of the Song Dynasty
The cicadas sing in the empty mulberry forest, and the road is closed in August.
It is cold when it comes out and into the wall, and yellow reeds are everywhere.
We have always been guests in this quiet place, but they are all old and dusty.
Don’t imitate the knight-errant and boast about Ziliu.
Xiaoguan is located in the southeast of Guyuan, Gansu Province today. It generally refers to the border pass. Youbing, Youzhou and Bingzhou, in ancient times, people were famous for their noble spirit and heroic and generous tragic songs, which were often mentioned together in poems and essays. Ziliu generally refers to a good horse. This poem praises the spirit of the frontier athletes who are brave and good at fighting and serving the country until they die on the battlefield. It satirizes those who regard riding and shooting as a game and only show off their horses and equipment, but cannot work hard for the country. In the poem, the desolation and coldness of the natural environment are used to exaggerate the hardships and hard work of the soldiers, forming a desolate and generous style.
Song Xiaqu
Drinking horses to spend autumn water, the water is cold and the wind is like a knife.
The sun has not gone out in Pingsha, and I can see Lintao dimly.
In the old days of the Great Wall Battle, Xian Yan was in high spirits.
The yellow dust is enough for the present and the past, and the white bones are a mess of wormwood!
This poem paints a picture of the cold and desolate battlefield outside the Great Wall. The wind is like a knife, the yellow sand covers the sky, and the bones are scattered, revealing the cruelty of war and expressing condolences to the soldiers who died in the battle.
Farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Tower (Part 1)
The cold rain came to Wu at night, and Chu Shangu was sent off at dawn.
When relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other, their hearts are filled with ice in a jade pot.
This poem was written when Wang Changling was demoted to the position of Prime Minister of Jiangning (now Nanjing). The poet sent his friend Xin Jian to Luoyang and said goodbye at Furong Tower. The first sentence uses the boundless mist and rain in the south of the Yangtze River to exaggerate the mood of separation, and the second sentence compares itself to the isolated Chu Mountain. The imagery is clear and novel. Although the two sentences express the desolate mood, they are generous and broad-minded, without being childish. Wang Changling was unruly and unruly, and was repeatedly demoted. However, he always treated unfair fate with a proud attitude. Three or four sentences are the poet's solemn confession. He praised his pure character and integrity, and used this to show his relatives and friends far away. Like the sound of gold and stone.
Walking with the moon and recalling Shaoyin Cui’s Mansion in Nanzhai, the same disciple.
When I was lying down in Nanzhai, I was vomiting at the beginning of the month.
The clear water and trees are reflected in the windows.
The stubble is full and empty, and the clarity changes from the past to the present.
Beauty by the Qingjiang River, the night is getting more and more painful.
How about thousands of miles away, the breeze blows Landu.
This poem describes the poet's elegant mood when admiring the moon, as well as the emotion caused by the waxing and waning of the moon, the impermanence of the world, and the longing for his friends. But you can feel the fragrance of the other person's virtue, and you are not out of the ordinary.
Granny
The young woman in the boudoir does not know her sorrows, and goes up to the green building with makeup on the spring day.
Suddenly I saw the color of willows on the street, and I regretted teaching my husband and son-in-law to find a title.
A young woman in deep boudoir dressed up deliberately and went up to a high building to enjoy the spring scenery when the spring was bright. Suddenly she saw the green willows on the road, and many feelings suddenly came to her heart: she recalled breaking willows with her husband. In the farewell scene, I thought about the beautiful spring scenery that no one can appreciate, and then thought about the willow color that remains the same year after year, but youth can never last... Therefore, I felt sad and deeply regretted that I had asked my husband to leave home to seek a title. What she regarded as the supreme glory suddenly became insignificant today when she lost the joy of love. This poem describes the psychological changes of the young woman, which is extremely detailed and profound, strange and reasonable, and intriguing.
The Spring Palace Resentment
Last night the wind opened and exposed the peaches in the well, and the moon was high in the front hall of Weiyang.
The songs and dances of Pingyang are newly favored, and the spring cold outside the curtain is bestowed with brocade robes.
Pingyang singing and dancing refers to the affairs between Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Wei Zifu. This poem uses the story of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty as a metaphor for the palace life of the Tang Dynasty, expressing the emperor's incompetence in love and the resentment of the palace concubine who fell out of favor. This poem "only talks about the favor of others, but also the possibility of losing favor, which is the essence of the country's style" (Shen De's subtext). The first two sentences are about the spring breeze blowing the peach blossoms, and the weather is already warm. "The moon is high in the front hall of Weiyang", which has several meanings. One shows that the heroine has a long night of sleeplessness, and the other uses the joy and joy of others to contrast her own frustration and loneliness. The bright moon also shines on the favored person, and her words contain resentment. The last sentence shows the emperor's concern for his new favorite. Even though the spring is warm and the flowers are blooming, the emperor is afraid that the newlyweds will catch the cold, so he specially gives them brocade robes. The language of this poem is euphemistic and implicit. It is only reflected from the side, and the resentment of the palace people who have fallen out of favor is obvious, which is endlessly interesting.
Long-term trust and resentment
The golden palace is open with brooms and pings, and the fans are lingering for the time being.
The jade face is not as beautiful as the color of a jackdaw, but still carries the shadow of the sun.
This poem chants the story of Ban Jieyu when she became emperor. Ban Jieyu was once favored by Emperor Cheng, who later favored sisters Fei Feiyan. Seeing that she was in a desperate situation, she invited herself to serve the Queen Mother in Changxin Palace, and she spent her life in loneliness from then on. This poem expresses her resentment for falling out of favor, and objectively condemns the emperor for not using his affection exclusively, which caused great pain to the concubines. Shen Deqian wrote three or four sentences: "The jackdaw comes with the shadow of the sun from the east, and sees that he is not as good as the crow. It is soft and graceful, with infinite implications, making people sigh three times at a time." Ye Xie's "Original Poems" said these two sentences are the best. The sentimental words that cannot have any meaning are strange and reasonable.
Marching the Army
The desert is windy and dusty, the sun is dim, and the red flag is half-rolled out of the camp gate.
The former army fought in Taohebei at night and reported that Tuyuhun was captured alive.
Answer to the Governor of Wuling
I can travel thousands of miles with my sword, yet my tiny body dares to speak a single word.
I was a guest in Daliang, and I lived up to my faith and kindness.
Send a message to Guo Sicang
The green water of Huaihe River reflects the door, leaving the rider's heart in mind.
The bright moon follows the good weather, and the spring tide is deep every night.
Driving to the east of the river
Thousands of houses along the Jin River merge together, and thousands of countries follow the Fen Bridge.
Start a prosperous business in Tangtian? Enter Pu Sheng En Nong.
The chariot went back to the three elephants and the six dragons were inscribed on the monument.
The bright light of the sun and moon come together at this time in a thousand years.
Qianlu: numerous houses. 合: close, close up. The whole sentence says that many houses gather on the edge of Jinshui River. Fen Bridge Sentence: Envoys from various countries followed the Holy Driver across the Fen River Bridge. Kai Tang: Founded the Tang Dynasty. Shengye: great cause. chariot: the emperor's chariot. Three images: the name of ancient music. Six Dragons: The six horses driven by the emperor. Horses with eight feet are called dragons, so they are called Six Dragons. Ruiming: Rui (yin Rui), understanding and wise. Ruiming: Shengming. The whole sentence says that the Holy One is enlightened and wise, like the radiance of the sun and moon.
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