In ancient wars, soldiers wore thick armor and iron helmets. If you want to shoot through the enemy's armor from a long distance, you must have a bow with strong tension. What is "nervous"? This is the strength needed to pull the full bow. In ancient times, setting a bow above 9 kg was a force, and 1 forces were a stone. Many famous archers can draw a strong bow of more than 3 stones, and some people can even draw a bow of 1 stones. It takes a lot of effort to open such a strong bow. Not everyone can do it, nor can it last too long, and the goal is set for too long. As long as you open it, you have to shoot the arrow at once. It is difficult to organize interception. Therefore, on the battlefield, bows and arrows are only suitable for killing enemy troops, not for large-scale tough battles and urban defense wars. In order to overcome this limitation, people invented crossbows on the basis of bows. In ancient times, there was a saying that "crossbows are born of bows", and "strong bows" and "strong crossbows" have always been called together.
A crossbow is a bow mounted horizontally at the front end of a long hard piece of wood, which is called a crossbow arm. There is a groove at the back of the crossbow arm, in which there are hooks for stretching the bowstring and triggers for launching the crossbow. In addition, a photo door stands upright on it for aiming.
the firing principle is the same as that of the crossbow. The characteristic of crossbows is that they don't have to aim while pulling strings. Instead, buckle the string first, then aim calmly and launch at the right time, thus greatly improving the hit rate. More advanced is to open the crossbow and put the arrow on the string. You can't just rely on people's arms, feet or waist. Later, it was developed to use winch device to concentrate the strength of several people or even dozens of people to wind, which not only increased the range of arrows, but also launched heavy crossbows.
In the history of our country, the earliest example of using crossbows to defeat the enemy was the Battle of Maling in the Warring States Period more than 2,3 years ago. The story begins with Sun Bin and Pang Juan, militarists in the Warring States Period.
Sun Bin and Pang Juan were both Qi people who studied the art of war together. Later, Pang Juan went to Wei and became a general. This Pang Juan is jealous. Although he became a general, he always held a grudge against his old classmate Sun Bin. He thought that Sun Bin was a descendant of Sun Wu, a great strategist. He studied the art of war harder than himself and was very original. How can people like neighboring countries show their abilities? The intensified fire gnawed at Pang Juan's heart and made him fidget. Finally, Sun Bin was tricked into Wei, and he was punished for an unnecessary crime. He also stabbed himself in the face and went to prison. A few years later, Wei's army attacked South Korea on a large scale, and the commander was Pang Juan. Korea is a small country. How did it resist Wei Jun's offensive? It had to ask Qi for help. Qi sent Tian Ji as the general and Sun Bin as the military adviser. Before the war, Sun Bin made a battle plan, and let the Qi army March on Wei, pretending to attack Wei. After receiving the information, Pang Juan quickly gave up his plan to attack South Korea and led his army back to China to resist the attack of Qi. When they arrived in Wei, the Qi army had gone west. Pang Juan refused to give up and kept chasing.
Pang Juan was so arrogant that he didn't care about the Qi army at all, and vowed to take this opportunity to destroy the Qi army and Sun Bin together. Sun Bin used Pang Juan's arrogant ambition to design it like the Qi army escaped, leaving 1, stoves on the first day, 5, stoves on the second day and only 3, stoves on the third day.
After chasing for three days, Pang Juan saw fewer and fewer cooking pits every day. He couldn't help laughing and said, "I knew the Qi army was made of cotton and was vulnerable. Look! Most of them were dead before I really hit them! Haha "
The sergeant next to him asked inexplicably," How can the general see that most of the Qi troops are dead? "
Pang Juan pointed to the cooking pit and said, "Look, there are 3, cooking pits. Do you remember how many there were on the first day? "
the sergeant said, "one hundred thousand."
Pang Juan said, "The Qi army has a cooking pit, and the number of people decreased by 7, in three days. Isn't it that 7 thousand people are eating less? I think these 7, people are either dead or have run away. Right? "
The soldiers shouted in unison, "Yes! What a wise general! "
listening to the praise, Pang Juan is getting more and more carried away. Then send some soldiers back to the camp, with their own elite troops chasing the Qi army day and night.
In the morning, Tan Ma reported the information that Pang Juan continued to chase to Tian Ji and Sun Bin. Sun Bin sneered and sighed, "Pang Juan has no Pang Juan! I have studied military tactics with you. We can learn from each other's strong points and make progress together. But you killed them again and again. Since you have to kill me, try it! "
Tian Ji asked, "Military adviser, Ma Ling is coming soon. What are your next plans? "
Sun Bin said, "In an urgent March, you must reach Maling before noon to seize the dangerous terrain! Get ready for the crossbowman. "
Near noon, Qi arrived at Maling. Maling is located in the southwest of Fan County, Henan Province, and there is a canyon between the mountains, which is the only way forward. The cliffs on both sides are steep, with towering old trees and extremely steep terrain. Sun said to Ji, "You are an archer. Please personally lead these 1, crossbowmen to ambush behind the cleft tree on the mountain. Don't make any noise. Wei Jun must be here at midnight today. As soon as you see the fire, shoot arrows together! " Tian Ji immediately gave orders to the crossbowmen, each looking for favorable terrain concealment. Wan crossbowmen is a big boy selected at ordinary times. They are all archers. Since the crossbow was used, it has become more handy. It is said that there will be a big battle, and it is still necessary to rely on their crossbowmen to exert their power, wipe the crossbows and arrows one by one, and wait for the fire at night.
Sun Bin arranged everything in perfect order, and ordered a sergeant to find a big tree in the middle of the canyon where several talented people could come, cut off a large bark and broke a white trunk. Sun Bin wrote eight characters in thick ink on it: "Pang Juan died under this tree".
as Sun Bin expected, Wei Jun came to Maling in the middle of the night. The marching troops were concentrated in the canyon. As soon as Pang Juan rode under the tree, he saw the trunk glowing with white light in the moonlight, with a few words written on it. He asked the sergeant to bring the flint, light it and take it under the tree. Before Pang Juan could finish reading those words, ten thousand arrows suddenly shot at Wei Jun from rocks and trees on both sides. Wei Junbing, who was unprepared at once, ran around like a headless fly in the fierce arrow rain, and countless people were shot and trampled to death. Qi's shouting ShaSheng and Wei Jun's wailing echoed in the valley. Watching and listening, Pang Juan felt dizzy and leaned feebly against the tree. He knew that his defeat was set, and he was incapable of killing people and bringing them back to life. So he drew his sword and committed suicide. The Qi army attacked Wei Jun, captured Wang Wei Shen alive and returned home in triumph.
From then on, Sun Bin became famous all over the world, and the Art of War written by him spread all over the world. The crossbow weapon is also playing its unique role in war more and more.