Youdong
Guan Zi said, "There are 5,270 famous mountains in the world." It can be described as a group of harmony. Ancient people were not limited to visiting famous mountains. It is common in poetry and fu, but its ambition is unknown. It began with a short article by a willow tree in the Tang Dynasty, and has since been copied and described in many ways. There was He Yanbin in Ming Dynasty, which was included in 20 volumes of Famous Mountains. Wang Fengzhou increased to 46 volumes, which was considered too wide. I've seen it. It was slightly lower in ancient times, but it's more detailed today. It's prepared in the south and lacking in the north. Outside the mountains and rivers, beside the forest garden, in addition to recording records, prefaces and postscripts are collected. If you lose it, it will be ugly, and if you lose it, it will be messy. It cannot be defined as a complete book. Woods of Xin 'an is in Mae, and he is very interested in Sri Lanka. He takes exams every morning and evening, simplifying them into sixteen volumes, re-awarding them and seeking the order. Give a taste of Yang Taifu's words; "Has its own universe, this mountain. Wise men and great scholars look at this from a distance. If I have too many friends with you, I will be unknown and sad. If you/kloc-know after 0/00 years old, your soul should still be here. " However, the first one is not good, only tears are left. It is a pity that the people who engaged in Zou Zhan didn't write down a word at that time. Once upon a time, a good traveler was nothing more than Sima Zichang telling himself that he would travel south to Jianghuai, visit Huiji, explore Yu Cave, see nine doubts and float Yuan Xiang. Siwen, the capital of Qilu, is involved in the north, and it is so luxurious to return across Liang and Chu. With the talent of Longmen, he specializes in historical records and has no ambition to travel. Isn't it a pity to hide the famous mountains?
Hoo hoo! Scenery articles vary from time to time. The landscape is revealed by the article, and the article is also inherited by the landscape. Those who have lost their talents are not allowed to sway their chests in the sea of clouds. I can't express my thoughts on the calendar and autumn, and I am arrogant. As for the show of a thousand rocks, the battle of ten thousand valleys. If there are no poets and poets, put them in the middle and ask the sky with amazing sentences, and then you will end up in the south, waiting for stubborn stones. Gu is sometimes the son of a poet. He doesn't deserve to be lucky. He has a closed room and a pair of clairvoyant eyes. Although you are practicing in the mountains, such as the abbot of Penglai, you can only see it a few times. Mountains and rivers have no chance, but articles have lives. So what? Although, people also regard interests as their ears. After Xiang Ziping got married, she broke up the housework and took the birds to Wuyue Mountain. I don't know what to do. Zong Shaowen is old and sick, and famous mountains and plains are hard to see. However, when you are open-minded and lie down to swim, everything you experience is on the wall. Two sons are different, resulting in one.
There are famous mountains in the world, but you can't visit one. How many times can you do it in your life? Kindness and wisdom stop at a moment; A hill and a ravine have four big feet. Try to take this book, and combine its drawings, straighten the position, towering mountains, flowing water, playing the piano, answering the wall, the mountains and rivers in the world are great, so the articles in the world are also wonderful. To fill in this meaning to the extreme, you can imagine God as a wheel, and Qi as a ship, meaning south and north, which instantly flows through the vast wilderness, where there is no land. Three islands and ten continents are only a stone's throw away, and it is difficult to learn by water injection! Yi Yi has a feeling of victory, but there is no economic victory, so he regards this theory as a joke. If Woods isn't, Woods' hometown is Huangshan Mountain, with 36 peaks and 24 streams 18 caves, which has been circulated among the people for a long time. Today, I live in Wumen. I have won all the victories in vault. I have pushed them to every corner of the world. I know that Kunpeng is at large! Woods' style of writing was originally learned from courtier Mr. Lian Fang, and he studied under brother Wang Xiting. Therefore, his book is perfect. It was not written by Popo. Kangxi yihai winter October, Changzhou Youdong would like to preface.
Travels of World Famous Mountains is a collection of landscape travel essays compiled by Wu Qiushi in Qing Dynasty. As the preface of Travel Notes, You Dong introduced the origin and development of travel notes prose and the compilation process and characteristics of this book. But its main value lies in its wonderful comments.
Anyone who observes nature from a philosophical or aesthetic point of view will have infinite feelings. You Dong was deeply impressed by Yang Hucheng's philosophical discourse in Jin Dynasty, which revealed the eternity of nature and the shortness of life. But if you want to integrate your short life with nature and enjoy the scenery, it can only be a spiritual integration. Landscape articles record people's travels, express people's aesthetics and feelings about landscapes, and become the carrier of this spiritual realm, which is also eternal. Therefore, from this perspective, it is indeed a very regrettable thing that Sima Qian and others traveled thousands of miles in Qian Shan without recording their own itinerary.
In the final analysis, people's observation and perception of mountains and rivers is not to study anything from the physical entities of mountains and rivers, but to observe people themselves through mountains and rivers. The human spirit is projected on the mountains and rivers, and "things become themselves" (Marx's Economic and Philosophical Manuscript 1844), and the mountains and rivers are beautiful. Therefore, You Dong said, "Mountains and rivers are revealed by articles, and articles are also spread by mountains and rivers." The relationship between the article and the scenery is very precise.
The ancients always thought that "read thousands of books and travel Wan Li Road". In fact, the trip to Wan Li Road is not only to increase the actual experience, but also to cleanse the mind through travel. Su Zhe said in the Song Dynasty: "Although all the books of Bai are read, they are all traces of the ancients, which is not enough to stimulate their aspirations;" I am afraid that I will die, so I decided to give up and seek the wonders of the world to know the vastness of heaven and earth. " (Shanghai Taiwei Book) He also thinks that "Tai Shigong traveled all over the world, traveled all over the world with famous mountains and rivers, and became friends with Yanzhao heroes, so his prose was quite strange." (ditto) If we compare what he said with what this article said, "A scholar should lose his knowledge, so he can't stand up in the sea of clouds, so he can't focus on the past and fall into the mountain of smoke, so he can be arrogant", we will find that Su and You's views can be mutually footnotes. You Dong went on to point out that from the human point of view, no matter how beautiful the landscape is, if there is no "poet and writer, boarding and staying in it, carrying amazing sentences and scratching their heads to ask for heaven", it is just like a stubborn stone, so "landscape articles are obvious", which shows that the humanization of nature includes people's touch on nature, which is one of the essential problems of the beauty of landscape.
The above is the relationship between travel notes and landscapes, so from the reader's point of view, where is the fun of seeing landscapes? You Dong compared the deeds of two ancient people. One is that the Eastern Han Dynasty abandoned his family and went to Ziping (Chang) to visit the mountains, and the other is that Zong Shaowen (soldier) in the Jin and Song Dynasties painted the mountains and went to sleep. If the former is the relationship between landscape writers and landscapes, then the latter is the relationship between landscape readers and landscapes. Therefore, as a scholar, only with the goodness of benevolence and wisdom can we wander in the mountains and rivers in reading and reach the realm of beauty. The "benevolent wisdom" here is not entirely the moral language of Confucianism. Confucius said in The Analects: "Wise people enjoy water, while benevolent people enjoy Leshan." This includes different aesthetic tastes and different views on the landscape. You Dong described the drifting process of "meaning south, meaning north and meaning north" when reading landscape travel notes with poetic pen, which is the guiding ideology of reading landscape travel notes. Although he thinks this kind of fugue is a helpless move that he can't visit the mountains and rivers because of his old age and infirmity, his argument is just a joke, but we can easily see his confidence from his style, because from the perspective of philosophy and aesthetics, this aesthetic way of fugue is a higher way to appreciate nature and a more free spiritual activity that can only be carried out by people with rich artistic and philosophical cultivation.
It is not difficult to see that Zhuangzi and metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties have already had their views on nature here. Zong Shaowen, who advocated "Ming Xin Guan Dao" mentioned in the article, was also a painter in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In his posthumous preface to painting landscapes, he also expressed a view similar to that of You Dong, that is, "living in seclusion, governing qi, playing the piano, wearing paintings and sitting in the wilderness." Don't go against the revelation of heaven, you should be alone in the wild, with beautiful peaks and boundless forests, and the sages are peerless and interesting. What's left? Just relaxing. God is successful and has the first step. "
It seems that the purpose of writing and reading ancient travel notes is not to record and study the mountains and rivers in the sense of geographical science, but to purify the soul, stimulate ambition and think freely through traveling, writing and reading travel notes. This is an aesthetic and speculative activity, and it is also a tempering and sublimation of personality. You Dong's Preface is a typical representative of this view.
This article not only inspires our aesthetic interest in mountains and rivers, but also inspires our feelings of loving nature, cultivates our beautiful hearts in the scenic spots of mountains and rivers, and inspires landscape tourism writers to devote themselves to nature and shoulder the literary mission of describing and praising nature. This is a theoretical effect that ordinary travel notes can't achieve.