Du Lang Jun's reward, even now, is not surprising. Vertically speaking, although the dream of a brothel is good, it is difficult to be affectionate. The 24th Bridge is still there, and Leng Yue is silent. After reading the red medicine by the bridge, who will you know every year?
Zhou Yang Man, written by Jiang Kui, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, is recognized as a masterpiece of Song Ci, and it is also the traditional content of Chinese textbooks in middle schools and normal schools. In the process of teaching, I consulted some books and articles in magazines and got some experience. Now I will sort it out and write it down in the form of notes to help teachers teach and students learn.
First, about "the sadness of millet parting"
The word "Yangzhou Slow" is in order, indicating the writing time ("Xi Chun Shen Bing went to Japan"), place ("Weiyang") and motivation ("feeling the past and the present"). At the end of the preface, there is a sentence, "The old man Yan Qian thought that" Su Parting "was sad." "Old man in Yan Qian" refers to Xiao Dezao, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. His niece is Jiang Kui's wife. According to the investigation, the year of "Xichun Shen Bing" was three years of Xichun, 1 176, and Jiang Kui was 22 years old. He met Xiao Dezao around the age of 32. As you can see, at the end of the preface, the sentence "Old man Yan Qian thinks there is sadness in Plum Tree" was written. "The sadness of Li Shu" is the keynote and implication of the whole poem. Understanding "the sadness of millet's parting" means understanding the thoughts of the whole poem and the author's feelings. Li Shu is a poem in China's earliest collection of poems, The Book of Songs Feng Wang. After Zhou Pingwang moved the capital to Luoyang, someone passed by the old capital Haojiang and saw a desolate and dilapidated scene, so he wrote the poem "Millet Parting". As for this poem, Preface to Shi Mao thinks that its theme is "the rebellion of the Zhou Dynasty", that is, mourning the decline of the royal family in the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Zhu added another explanation, saying, "When people sigh, they don't know what they want, but they also hurt the people who caused all this. Who is the fruit? " The depth of resentment is also. "(Biography of Poems) The Book of Songs' Mi Li' and Jiang Kui's' Yangzhou Slow' are both works touching the scene, remembering the past and feeling sad about reality, so we should compare them with Xiao Dezao, an old man in Yan Qian. Indeed, looking back at the word "slow Yangzhou" with "sadness comes from millet" has both nostalgia and nostalgia for Yangzhou's prosperity, thoughts of worrying about the country, sadness of the decline of the old country, and thoughts on the causes of its prosperity and decline.
It should be noted that the so-called "past prosperity and present decline" and "present decline" in Yangzhou are all witnessed by Jiang Kui, and they are explained in the words and preface. And "yesterday's prosperity" is entirely imagined by the author according to the records and descriptions in previous articles and poems, not personal feelings. In the first part of the poem, it is said that "taking off the saddle and staying in the early days" also clearly tells us that the author is visiting Yangzhou for the first time and has never seen the prosperity of Yangzhou in the past. It can be seen from the ci that some literati, especially Du Mu's poems, made Jiang Kui have a very good impression on Yangzhou and made him yearn for Yangzhou. It is precisely because the imaginary Yangzhou is so beautiful, with green poplars, beautiful women like clouds and fairyland, but what I actually see now is dilapidated and desolate, and the contrast between reality and imagination is too great, so the author can't help but "grieve" and "feel for the past and the present" and want to make a sigh for the Forbidden City.
Therefore, by understanding the "sadness of millet's parting", we can understand the theme of Yangzhou Slow and the author's mood. This is a key problem in learning this word, which should be firmly grasped throughout the whole process of teaching and learning.
Second, the allusion to this word.
Poetry allusions belong to "quoting" cases in rhetoric. The use of allusions includes the use of allusions and dictionaries (also known as allusions). Using anecdotes refers to quoting the past, playing the role of analogy and inspiration, making the ideas to be expressed vivid and easy for readers to understand. This is what most people often say, "borrowing the past to say the present", which often refers to different things. Using a dictionary refers to quoting predecessors' words to prove one's point of view and enhance one's persuasiveness, which often makes the article appear elegant and euphemistic.
There are two main ways to use allusions: explicit use and implicit use. "Ming Yong" should point out the source of the quoted stories and words, so that readers can know who this allusion is related to and which sentence is said. "Hidden use" only refers to stories and quotations, and does not write about who or who told them. It can be seen that "hidden use" allusions are more flexible and hidden than "clear use" allusions, but if readers are not familiar with the relevant contents of allusions, they may be puzzling and unable to understand the author's meaning.
With these basic knowledge of "allusion", we can talk about Yangzhou's slow allusion. We analyze the words in narrative order.
The first sentence in the movie "Huai Zuo, Zhu Jiachu" is intended to arouse readers' memories of history. "Zhuxi", namely "Zhuxi Pavilion", is a historic site in the east of Yangzhou, named after Du Mu's "Yangzhou Zen Temple Title". The next sentence, "Ten Li after the Spring Breeze", is still a hidden dictionary, which comes from Du Mu's poem "Farewell": "Thirteen Li is curled up, and cardamom is in early February. It is better to roll up the bead curtain when the spring breeze is ten miles along Yangzhou Road. " The purpose of secretly quoting Du Mu's poem is to describe the prosperity of Yangzhou in the past and make it contrast with the next sentence "Let the wheat be green" in Yangzhou reality. The third sentence, "Huma Peeks at the River", is a secret story, which refers to historical events such as the frequent invasion of Nomads from the South, Song Gaozong and Song Xiaozong's out of their wits, panic and so on. Use three allusions in the first part of Ci (the first two are dictionaries and the last one is anecdote) to arouse readers' memories and compare the changes of Yangzhou in the past and present. This paved the way for the lyric feelings of Ci.
The next four sentences are used everywhere. The first sentence of Du Shang quoted Du Mu's words of searching for beautiful women, singing and dancing, and traveling everywhere. The second sentence follows the story of Du Mu mentioned above and secretly uses the dictionary twice (both quoted from Du Mu's poems). The word "cardamom" comes from the poem "Farewell" (see the previous poem "Ten Miles of Spring Breeze"), and the sentence "Dream in a brothel is good" comes from the poem "Dream of Yangzhou for ten years, and you will have a beautiful brothel. Such a concentrated use of allusions is intended to show that in the face of the decline and ruin of Yangzhou today, Mu, a romantic talent, is also "hard to show affection" and will be amazed. Of course, it is Du Mu in name, but in fact, isn't it the poet's own situation? This understanding is also in line with the original intention of allusions. The fourth allusion of the next movie is in the third sentence. "Twenty-four Bridges" was introduced by Jiang Kui from Du Mu's poems. Du Fu's poem is "Twenty-four Bridges on a moonlit night, where do jade people teach flute playing?" According to legend, this bridge is named after twenty-four beautiful women, that is, the so-called "Jade Man" in Du Mu's poems. )
The skillful use of allusions is an obvious feature of the word "Yangzhou Slow". It makes the whole word implicit and meaningful, avoids the dryness of the language, is straightforward in expression, is thin in implication, and is resistant to reading and has strong artistic appeal. So we should specifically talk about its allusions.
Third, about the empathy of this word.
Empathy is a common expression in China's classical poems. A remarkable feature of the artistic expression of Yangzhou Slow is that the scenery is written with strong emotional color, and the scenery contains emotion, which turns the scenery into emotion. Its scenery is good, and it is written around a unified theme, which is to express "the sorrow of Xiaomi Li". When the poet "unloaded his saddle and stayed in Yangzhou less", it was fifteen years after the gold master Yan Hongliang Nan committed the crime. The remnants of war can be seen everywhere, but the poet only took two shots: "All the wheat is green" and "abandoned pool trees" in the city. The emotions caused by these scenes are "still tired of talking about soldiers." This is a personification technique that endows inanimate things with unique thoughts and feelings. That's the way it is, not to mention people! This shows that the people hate and curse the war. The word "I'm still tired of talking about soldiers" includes "infinite words" Others are tired of thousands of words, and there is no such charm "(Chen Qingting's" Baiyuzhai Thorn "Volume II). The last sentence, the word "cold" is well written. The chill was originally a touch given by the weather, but the poet didn't say it was cold, but said it was "blowing cold air", as if a bleak horn "blew away" the chill. This highlights the artificial emotional color. Here, the poet heard the sad songs of the Qing Dynasty, felt the chill, and then contacted the "green wheat" and "abandoned pond tree" he saw in front of him, which was a vivid and desolate picture. What you see, hear, think and feel are intertwined and unified in this "empty city". The word "Duzai" connects all the scenes together, and at the same time transforms the scenes into emotions, and blends the emotions in the scenes with the emotions in the scenes to highlight the sadness in Li Shu.
The third sentence of the next part: "The Twenty-four Bridges are still there, and Leng Yue is silent." The moon was originally silent, and there was no difference between cold and warm. However, with the help of synaesthesia, Jiang Kui makes the "cold" feeling of touch and the "silent" feeling of hearing move and communicate with each other, which strengthens the cold silence of readers. The words "Leng Yue" and "Silent" here and the word "Tired" in the last book "Abandoning Trees in a Pool, Still Talking about Soldiers Tired" are the association and migration of the poet's subjective feelings, and the result of moving people's feelings to objects. This enhances the artistic appeal of words.