Li Qingzhao was an outstanding poet in the Southern Song Dynasty and a persistent "flower fan". Of her more than 60 poems, about 40 are about flowers. Since ancient times, there have been countless articles commenting on Li Ci. Critics spoke highly of Li's profound thoughts, superb expressive techniques and language art, but little was said about Li Qingzhao's "flower-chanting words". I think Li Qingzhao's poems about flowers are a very important part of all her poems. It also profoundly reveals the extremely rich inner world of female poets, and has its own unique artistic style and aesthetic taste, which plays an indispensable role in the establishment of Li Qingzhao's position in the ci world. It not only occupies an important position in Li's ci, but also occupies an important position in the ci of chanting flowers in past dynasties.
Li Qingzhao is a woman with rich feelings. The specific historical environment and education make her "sentimental" and have a clear hatred for love. In order to fully express her "worries" and "feelings", love and hate, she often chooses "flowers" as the object of her description and lyric. She used very simple, natural and charming language, and used various artistic expressions such as comparison, sketching and foil to create an ethereal artistic conception, implicitly expounded her own aesthetic thoughts, expressed her noble and detached personality, expressed her love for life and nature, and expressed her sincere feelings for her husband and sorrow for the country's demise. This paper focuses on the ideological content and aesthetic thought of Li Qingzhao's poems about flowers.
In ancient times, borrowing things to express feelings, or giving plants humanity to express the likes and dislikes of the author, was called "supporting things"; Or by the change of flowers and plants, it causes association and evokes poetry. This is called "touching the scene". Looking at Zhao Qing's poems about flowers, there are nothing more than these two situations, either holding material meanings or touching the scene. She loves flowers, praises them, cherishes them, and devotes infinite feelings to them, because Bloom's flowers are always tied to her noble feelings full of "love" and "sorrow".
First, the "flowers" in Li Qingzhao's poems fully show her love for nature and her pursuit of beautiful things in life.
Flowers are masterpieces of nature and the embodiment of all beautiful images. Li Qingzhao always expresses her love for beauty by describing the image of flowers and praising them enthusiastically.
In Li Qingzhao's ci, the flowers often written are osmanthus, plum blossom, chrysanthemum and peony. , and the image of plum blossom is the most, * * * eight. It can be seen that Li Qingzhao has a special preference for plum blossoms. Plum blossoms have always been regarded as a symbol of nobility. It is not only thin and oblique, but also has a strong fragrance, and is known as one of the "three friends in the cold", because it braves the snow in the wind, spits green and sprays red, is enthusiastic and unrestrained, and is cold-resistant to Ao Shuang. Li Qingzhao loves Mei because of her beautiful figure and aloof and noble personality.
Li Qingzhao's love for plum blossom is reflected in her giving plum blossom a beautiful figure and praising it strongly. For example, the fisherman's pride:
Spring comes in the snow, and the cold plum lights Qionghua.
The face is half open and half charming, and the court jade person bathes in new makeup.
Creation may be intentional, so it is called the bright moon.
* * * bounty honor green ant, don't get drunk. This flower is inferior to the flowers in the group.
This poem expresses the poet's enthusiasm for plum blossom by describing and praising the beautiful image of plum blossom in the snow. In Uptown, the author uses personification to portray plum blossom as a bright and beautiful girl. Through the text, we seem to see an innocent and lively girl who just came out of the bath, washed off her makeup and showed the beauty of nature, standing slim in the vast snowfield, waving "Qiongzhi" to cheer people-"Spring is coming!"
At the end of the poem, the poet turned his brush strokes to the description of the scene of enjoying plum blossoms on a moonlit night, which not only praised plum blossoms from the side, but also directly showed the poet's love for plum blossoms.
"The creation may be intentional, so the moon is exquisite." Plum blossom is beautiful, but nature still prefers it, deliberately letting the bright and exquisite brilliance of the bright moon accompany it, making it more show its pure and aloof character. Here, the author gives emotion to nature, saying that plum blossom is not only appreciated by people, but also loved by nature who created everything. So as to further praise the nobility and extraordinary of plum blossom. The author and his friends poured the wine into a golden bottle and enjoyed it while drinking in this beautiful moment of moonlight, snow and plum blossoms. The author advised her drinking friends and poetry friends: "Don't get drunk, this flower can't compare with the flowers in the group." In fact, friends are intoxicated with the beauty of nature before they get drunk. The phrase "this flower is not comparable to a group of flowers" highly praised plum blossom. Plum blossom has beautiful posture and noble endowment, which is incomparable to other flowers. Here, the author also pinned his contempt for the secular on plum blossom.
Plum blossoms in Li Qingzhao's ci are not only attractive, but also human and emotional. It will smell the flute, worry and hate. "Xiao three strokes, plum blossom break. How many spring grievances "("Lonely Goose ")" Jade thin sandalwood is infinitely hateful, and the south building is not allowed to blow. " ("Linjiang Xian") "Don't wait for the West Building, count the Qiang tube." I don't know how much fragrance I have, but I can see that it is infinite. (Lou Yuchun) and so on. Even the plum blossoms in Li's ci will "cry". "It's no use moving the plum blossom fragrance and grabbing the fragrance clothes to clear the tears." (Qingpingle) Writing plum blossoms was wronged by the owner, and a string of tears (petals) spilled over the skirt of the protagonist.
These are all caused by the author's deep love for Mei and his love for Mei. Li Qingzhao's love for plum shows her desire to return to spring and her love for beautiful spring scenery. Her pity for Mei shows her great pity for "helpless flowers falling", the early death of spring and the easy aging of life.
Li Qingzhao's love for beauty is also reflected in her love and praise for other flowers. For example, peony, known as the "king of flowers", is also very popular with female poets. The last sentence of "Qingqing Slow" reads:
It is forbidden to keep your hands down and protect the pillars skillfully, which will monopolize spring.
Hua Rong was indifferent, and everyone was naive.
After staying in the crowd, I have a new look.
Enchanting and gorgeous, jealous of the wind and smiling at the moon, he grew up in Dong Jun.
East city, south desert, sunning pond hall,
I cann't believe I took a fragrant car Who can succeed Chen Fang after the feast?
Recently, a few branches in the better Guangming Palace are evenly distributed.
When the golden urn falls, the candle is exhausted, regardless of dusk.
At the beginning of the word, the author used the technique of side contrast to write the image of peony glory, just like a beauty who had just finished washing and dressing. Then the author vividly and exaggeratedly described the image of a red peony with three sentences of "enchanting and gorgeous state", saying that she was not only extremely charming, but also teased Yue Feng and often spoiled "Dong Jun". In this way, The Red Peony is written as a graceful woman who is proud of the beauty of the motherland.
In the second part of the poem, the poet focuses on the grand occasion of enjoying peony at that time, which is full of extremely happy emotions and fully reveals the poet's strong yearning for beautiful things.
This word is similar to the Fisherman's Pride in terms of structure and expression, and their style is also very cheerful. The emotions expressed are also consistent, and they all express the poet's love for the beautiful things in life.
Secondly, Li Qingzhao's poems about flowers express her sincere love for her husband.
Li Qingzhao and her husband Zhao Mingcheng are like-minded, truly in love and have had a happy love life. But the deeper the relationship between husband and wife, the more painful it is to leave. In the lonely days when her husband ran away from home, Li Qingzhao wrote a lot of words full of parting sadness and hatred, expressing her great yearning for her husband.
Talking about Disliking Xi Sha describes sweet-scented osmanthus, but it expresses parting from sorrow and not hating.
Soft gold is light, cut into layers of jasper leaves.
The spirit of grace, such as Yan Fu, is too bright.
Plum blossoms are heavy and vulgar, and cloves are bitter and rough.
Smoked a thousand miles of dreams, but ruthless.
The first word is a compliment to osmanthus. The author describes the appearance characteristics of osmanthus fragrans: in windy, drizzling and sunny weather, osmanthus fragrans blooms like gold, and layers of green branches and leaves are cut like pure jasper. Then, the author compares Grace's spirit with imitating flowers. It is said that the charm of Osmanthus fragrans is like Yan Fu, a noble celebrity with grace and moral integrity, but not as distinct as Rebecca. The original text of the word compares plum blossom, clove and osmanthus, and praises osmanthus from the side through comparison. She said that plum blossoms are too tacky, "lilac knots" are too clumsy, and only osmanthus is the most beautiful. However, sweet-scented osmanthus is not good for poets who are full of sadness and not annoying. Poets call it "heartless" because its fragrance is so strong that it will wake lovers who meet lovers thousands of miles away in their sleep. In short, nothing is good without a husband, plum blossoms and lilacs are too vulgar, and osmanthus is also ruthless. It is by denying the beloved flowers that the author expresses her feelings for her husband, which is very clever.
If Tambuhuan Xisha expresses only the nostalgia of her husband after his temporary departure, then The Lonely Goose expresses the despair after her husband's death. Like a lonely goose alone, it makes people cry.
The paper tent on the rattan bed is sleeping, so I can't say it without thinking.
The agarwood is intermittent and the jade furnace is cold, and my feelings are like water.
After playing the flute three times, Mei was heartbroken and had a lot of complaints about spring.
The small wind scattered the rain and whispered, urging thousands of tears.
Blow Xiao people to Yulou, who will be heartbroken?
A 10% discount is worth a lot of money, and no one gives it.
The first four sentences express the poet's lonely, sad and sad mood with silent and elegant scenery. The combination of scenery description and lyricism creates a bleak atmosphere. The plum blossom was shocked by the flute and blossomed. Before plum blossom is in full bloom, it is the messenger of spring. The opening of plum blossoms brings the message of spring, which is a great joy for people who have been in the cold for a long time. However, the arrival of spring deepened the poet's hatred. "A gust of wind dispels the rain and tears a thousand times." The method used here is foil. Outside the window is relentless wind and rain, and inside is Qian Qian's heartbroken beads and tears. The scene is even sadder. In this case, the author can't help but realize that her husband is dead. Even if her heart is broken, who can complain to me? -bagpipers go to the empty building, who is heartbroken? It's so sad. And in the end, "a fold, no one to send." Expressing emotions by supporting things shows a more lonely, painful and heartbreaking mentality.
This poem expresses the poet's sincere feelings and grief for his late husband, which is sad and has strong touching power.
3. "Taking flowers as the boundary" is one of the important contents of Li Qingzhao's poems about flowers.
In her later years, Li Qingzhao not only suffered from wandering in a foreign land, but her material life went from bad to worse. Moreover, she was forced to remarry with Zhang Ruzhou, which attracted a lot of criticism and seriously destroyed her spirit. A helpless and lonely poet can only comfort himself with flowers.
In the word "Dolly", the poet compares himself by chanting the white chrysanthemum, which was written when she remarried and was slandered.
The small building is cold and the night curtain is low.
I hate rustling and relentless wind and rain, which will damage Joan's muscles at night.
Neither like the drunken face of the imperial concubine, nor like the frown of Sun Shou.
Han Ling peeks, Xu Niang is full of powder, and Mo Jiangbi doesn't seem to be a novel.
Looking closely at Qu Ling, the charm is just right.
The breeze is ambitious and pure, and it is uncompromising.
Ashamed of autumn, the snow is clear and thin, and I am infinitely reluctant to part with people.
I seem to be worried about Gao Han, and I seem to be crying for a poem.
There is a cool breeze in the month, the smoke is dark and the rain is dark, and the heavenly religion is gaunt and graceful.
I don't know how long I will stay from now on.
Good feelings? Why do you have to remember, Zepan Dongli.
The whole poem compares people to flowers. In the first movie, the white colt damaged by friction was compared to the drunken face of the imperial concubine, the frown of Sun Shou, and Xu Niang who stole incense from Han Ling and Fu Fen. It is said that some are beautiful but charming, while others look romantic but tacky. They can't compare with the white colt. Only Qu Ping and Ling Tao can compare with the elegant demeanor of Chrysanthemum morifolium, and at the same time, they also praise it for its elegant charm, which is different from ordinary people and still maintains its elegance.
In the second half of the poem, the poet compares Chrysanthemum to a fairy who doesn't eat human fireworks at the foot of the mountain, and compares it to Ban's family who has long fallen out of favor, further portraying and praising the spirit of Chrysanthemum. I express my deep sympathy for its inevitable encounter-the gaunt and elegant posture of Tianjiao. Finally, the poet comforted him: "If you are good, you don't need to remember more." Explain that as long as you are really good, you will be remembered forever.
The chrysanthemum image in ci is also the poet's own image. The white chrysanthemum destroyed by wind and rain is an author who refuses to yield because of being slandered by bad words. Comfort for Chrysanthemum morifolium is also comfort and encouragement for yourself: I like Chrysanthemum morifolium, crystal clear, and I am not afraid of "wind and rain"; Like Qu Ling, he doesn't go along with others, leaving mud without touching it, and taking self-protection as his virtue.
In "Partridge Sky" (the corpus luteum is weak in dim light), the author praises osmanthus to express his feelings about the cold world in his later years. "The poet's thoughts are ruthless. Why didn't he accept it then?" On the surface, I feel wronged for osmanthus, but in fact I feel wronged for my misfortune. Osmanthus fragrans, which is "dull, the corpus luteum is soft and far from fragrant", is exactly the portrayal of the author's upright and upright character.
Fourthly, Li Qingzhao often expresses her yearning for her motherland by chanting flowers.
Li Qingzhao is a patriotic poet. She often blends homesickness and the pain of national subjugation into her flower poems. The word "confession" is a famous flower used by Yongmei to express the poet's homesickness and loneliness.
Drunk at night, late discharge, plum calyx inserted branches.
Wake up after drinking, sleep in the spring, dream away.
People are quiet, the moon is whispering, and the green curtain is hanging.
It is more important to remove the residual core and twist the lingering fragrance.
The first part of this poem says that on an early spring night, the poet was drunk and fell asleep with his clothes on. However, the residual plum inserted between the temples constantly exudes an attractive fragrance, which "smokes" her spring dream. This made her dream of returning to her distant hometown impossible, and the poet felt infinite sigh and loss. After waking up, the author of the next word depends on Meihua's boring mood. The five sentences of "People Quiet" exaggerated the atmosphere and set off the lonely and desolate mood of the host. The overlap of the three words "Geng" at the end makes the meaning more profound and implicit. The nomads from the army invaded, and the family was ruined. The author was forced to leave his hometown and wander around. How much she misses her hometown! But I can't even dream of going home. Why not let her be sad and desperate?
The author's another Yongmei poem, Qing Ping Le, also expresses her homesickness.
When I was a child, it snowed every year, and I often indulged in the enthusiasm of plums.
It is no good to move all the clubs and win all the clothes and tears.
This year, the ends of the earth, rustling temples.
Look at the plum blossom blown by the night wind, and it is probably hard to see its gorgeous.
This poem expresses the poet's mood by comparing the past with the present. The first paragraph of the word is a memory of the past. At that time, the author was a girl who had drunk wine and tasted snow, and her hair was plum blossom. Her style is bright and beautiful. The next paragraph of the word is aimed at the eyes. The author is an old woman with white hair in the wind and frost at the ends of the earth. After the southern nomads crossed the river, the country was ruined, and the poet was alone, wandering all over the world, and even "rustling in his temples gave birth to China." Faced with the scenery in front of me, things have changed, and I am sad. I am not in the mood to see it at all, let alone the taste of plum blossom. The ancients often compared the political situation to clouds, frost and snow. The "wind direction" in the last two sentences of the word can be understood as referring to the "national situation" and the extremely unfavorable political situation of national struggle. Plum blossom is a symbol of good things and great rivers and mountains. The Ugly Plum Blossom shows the author's deep nostalgia and deep concern for the old country. In this word, the author combines his own suffering with the difficulties of the country and further sublimates the ideological theme.
The reason why Li Qingzhao became a first-class writer in the history of China literature lies not only in the rich ideological connotation of her flowers-chanting poems, but also in the broad mind of a great patriotic poet who loves the country, nature and relatives, as well as the noble quality of being detached and pure and refusing to go with the flow. Moreover, she is not only a great discoverer of the beauty of nature, human society and human soul, but also a pioneer of artistic beauty. Her flowers-chanting poems have created beautiful images and artistic conception of different types and contents, showing her progressive aesthetic thought and noble aesthetic taste.
Bright moon in the sky, bright moon in the sky. Only when things are perfect, poems about objects create beautiful and lofty artistic conception and fully express people's thoughts and feelings can they be more meaningful. In Li Qingzhao's poems about flowers, we can clearly see her admiration and pursuit of "artistic beauty", which is particularly prominent in Yongmei's poems. For example, the next person Fang Ting wrote:
I have never known that rhyme wins, and I can't stand the wind.
Whose flute blows out deep sadness?
If you don't hate incense and eliminate snow, you must say it and sweep away all traces.
It's hard to say, it's still romantic when the night is bright and full of shadows.
Plum blossoms, which have no rhyme, have long been fragrant and snowy after "borrowing rain", "gentle wind" and even "changing flute to blow deep sorrow" It stands to reason that people who love plum blossoms as much as poets will feel great regret and sigh when they see this situation. Here, the author comforts and exhorts Meihua: Don't be depressed and resentful because of your "eliminating fragrance and snow". Even if your traces are swept away without a trace, your charm and affection will remain in the thin branches for a long time and continue to be appreciated. The phrase "unspeakable" creates a clean, elegant, harmonious and beautiful artistic conception. On a beautiful night, the thin shadow of plum blossoms is more romantic and colorful under the faint moonlight. This indescribable artistic conception is so fascinating and fascinating. It is this artistic beauty that the author pursues. The author firmly believes that "love is still there", the fragrance disappears and the family still exists. What she wants to praise is "the night is bright and the shadow is still romantic." Even if there are only branches left, they are still beautiful, which is the poet's aesthetic ideal.
The poetess suffered many misfortunes in the latter half of her life, just like plum blossoms devastated by relentless wind and rain. But in the predicament, she is as unyielding as a plum blossom, still maintains her noble moral integrity, still pursues beautiful things, and her sincere feelings for her husband and love for the motherland remain unchanged. Therefore, the author thinks that "the bright night is pale and the shadow is still romantic" is a portrayal of the author's own image. Then, the artistic conception she created will be more perfect and the aesthetic value will be higher.
Nature is a first-rate flower. For the aesthetic object of flowers, the color and appearance of flowers belong to the category of "external beauty", while the "fragrance" and "quality" of flowers belong to the category of "internal beauty", but compared with them, Li Qingzhao respects the internal beauty of flowers more. This is the embodiment of her progressive aesthetics.
Partridge Sky, a poem praising osmanthus, is the inner beauty of osmanthus.
The faint yellow corpus luteum is soft, and the traces of love leave more than fragrance.
Why light blue and deep red? It's a first-class flower
Ding Mei is jealous, chrysanthemums should be ashamed, and the painting column opens in the Mid-Autumn Festival.
Poets can be ruthless and think about why they didn't receive it in those years.
Judging from the first sentence, the color of osmanthus fragrans is only "dim yellow and light yellow", which is many times inferior to the broken plum blossom, "a delicate red and green peony" and "chrysanthemum with golden flowers all over the city". But it doesn't matter. You see, its body is so soft and Wen Ya, and its character is so lofty. Although he is a hermit living in the deep mountains, his rich fragrance often stays in the world, which is enough. Why do you want to add those "light blue and deep red"? Although it is not as beautiful as plum blossom and chrysanthemum, its excellent "inner beauty" can make plum blossom jealous and chrysanthemum feel ashamed. Because of this, osmanthus is naturally a first-class flower. Obviously, the poet praised Osmanthus fragrans so much, calling it "the first among flowers" because she attached great importance to the inner beauty of Osmanthus fragrans and appreciated its light fragrance color and Wen Ya style. Even in the old age, poets who are poor and ill are still facing osmanthus flowers in the court all day, and they can't get tired of reading them-"books are full of flowers all day." "Spread out the sand of joy" (when you get sick, your temples rustle). Osmanthus fragrans, Osmanthus fragrans, is precisely its inner beauty, which has produced such great charm in the author's love of beauty.
Judging from Li Qingzhao's other poems about flowers, the description of flowers also focuses on the description and description of the spiritual character of flowers. For example, Man Fang Ting wrote plum blossoms, Dolly wrote white chrysanthemums and so on. Therefore, the poetess loves and praises flowers, not only to appreciate the color and beauty of flowers, but also to reveal their inner beauty through the appearance of flowers, so as to praise them vigorously, and often take this as her own situation, which reflects her noble aesthetic taste.
Jade people are more romantic because they are "thin". Thin people often write people's faces, but Li Qingzhao "picks them up" and embeds them in many favorite flowers, creating many beautiful images, praising them or expressing sadness, so that we can get a romantic pen, from which we can also see the admiration and pursuit of artistic beauty by female poets.
The fineness of flowers is often the embodiment of beauty in the eyes of poets. "Little crimson lips" (hitting the swing) says "dew is thick and flowers are thin, sweat is light and clothes are thorough." These two sentences describe flowers with thinness and people with flowers. The thin woman who "swings" can't help getting wet and sweating lightly. Just like a weak flower, she can't help showing thick dew, which is a metaphor for image and beauty.
Li Qingzhao likes to write thin flowers and has his unique aesthetic taste. The "fine" flowers in her works do give people a good feeling, but at the same time they can affect people's sympathy. Moreover, it is often "worry comes from thinness" or "thinness due to worry", and "worry" and "thinness" are mutually causal. "Jade fragrance, sandalwood snow scattered. It's too late to hate visiting Mei today. " The regret of the poet's "late visit to Mei" is caused by "lack of jade". The author strolled in the backyard to inquire about the news of plum blossom, but what she saw was not the charming attitude of plum blossom when it first bloomed, but the blooming flowers, just like a beautiful girl's body gradually losing weight, and the author felt infinite regret. Similar situations, such as "the snow is clear and the jade is thin, and I am reluctant to part with people" in Dolly's Autumn, are all because the fleeting time reminds the poet of his own life experience and makes him sad.
"Undead, the curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers." This is a famous sentence in Drunken Flowers, which has been recited and praised by people all through the ages. The poet's yellow flowers are thinner than people, so they are very subtle. The already delicate and charming yellow flowers are getting thinner and thinner under the west wind. But it is "thin" comely and "thin" lovely. But the author is thinner than it. Why are you so thin? It turns out that "the fog is thick and sad forever" is caused by the pain of acacia all day long. It can be seen that this is "thin because of sadness" again.
Through the "thin" shadow of flowers, we seem to see the thin figure and thin face of the poetess. This is the beauty she praises-a pure and elegant beauty, a strong and unyielding beauty. This can reflect her unique aesthetic taste.
Li Qingzhao used to show the thinness of flowers by way of foil. In her works, the "thinness" of spring flowers is dotted with thick dew; The "jade thin" of white chrysanthemum is compared with its own white tone; The "fine jade" of plum blossoms is set off by the "deep sandalwood" branches; Begonia's "red thinness" is reflected in "green manure" and so on. Through this contrast, the flowers described by the author are more "thin" and more beautiful and romantic.
Li Qingzhao's Ci is a wonderful work in the history of China literature, which has been loved and appreciated by many people in past dynasties. And her flower-chanting words have added a strange fragrance to this wonderful flower, making it fragrant in the literary world of China for thousands of years. Like Li Qingzhao's other poems, it not only has profound ideological content-pure, sincere and lofty love. But also has immortal artistic charm and aesthetic value. This is worth discussing and studying. In this paper, only a dozen flowers-chanting poems in Li's poems are selected for shallow analysis and comment, and the "flowers" in the remaining dozens of poems need further appreciation and research.